Ngaba nawe uvakalelwa kukuba awungomntu onjalo? Makhe sithethe ngezi (Dissociative Disorders)!

Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi ihlabathi ohlala kulo alikho ngokwenene? ​​Okanye ngathi uzibukela ngaphandle komzimba wakho? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyazilibala nezinto ezibalulekileyo? Ukuba unamava anjalo rhoqo, usenokuba nesifo sokungavisisani . Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Zithini ezi ngxaki zokungavisisani?

Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokuzihlukanisa luhlobo lwengxaki yempilo yengqondo. Kulapho uziva ungaxhomekekanga kwizinto ozibonileyo, emzimbeni wakho, okanye kwiinkumbulo zakho. Igama elithi "ukuzihlukanisa" lithetha "ukwahlukana." Lithetha ukuba uzive ungaxhomekekanga kwabanye abantu, kwihlabathi elikungqongileyo, okanye nawe ngokwakho.

Ezi meko zihlala zibangelwa kukothuka okwethutyana okanye ixesha elide ('trauma') okuye kwajongana nako ngaxa lithile ebomini. Cinga ngako njengendlela yokukhusela ingqondo. Oko kukuthi, xa kukho ukothuka okunganyamezelekiyo, ingqondo 'iyaqhawuka' okwethutyana ukuze isuse intlungu. Kodwa iba yingxaki ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zokungadibani?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeengxaki zokungadibani. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.

1. Ingxaki yokwahluka kwesazisi (DID)

Oku koko abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuba "ngabantu abaninzi." Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umntu omnye uneempawu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo . Sibiza ezi mpawu ngokuthi "ziyatshintsha." 'Utshintsho ngalunye' lulawula indlela umntu aziphethe ngayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Cinga ngalo mzekelo njengongengomntu omnye ngexesha elinye, kodwa kwelinye. Utshintsho ngalunye lunokuba nembali yalo eyahlukileyo, iimpawu, izinto azithandayo nangazithandiyo. Kufana nokuba nabantu abaninzi emzimbeni omnye.

2. Ukungakwazi Ukwahlukana Nokukhumbula Izinto Ezingaqhelekanga

Kule meko , ulahlekelwa lulwazi olubalulekileyo ngobomi bakho. Olu lwazi lunokulinganiselwa kwisiganeko esithile ebomini bakho. Okanye ungalibala inxalenye enkulu yebali lobomi bakho, mhlawumbi nokuba ungubani.

3. Ingxaki yokungabi nabuntu/yokungakhathali

Ungaba namava omabini koku, okanye ube namava elinye kuphela.

• Ukungabi nabuntu: Oku kuxa uziva ukhululekile engqondweni yakho, kwiimvakalelo zakho nasemzimbeni. Kufana nokuba ubukela ubomi bakho ngaphandle, ngokungathi ubukele imuvi.
• Ukungaziqondi izinto: Kulapho uvakalelwa kukuba imeko-bume, abantu, nezinto ezikungqongileyo azikho ngokoqobo. Yonke into ingabonakala ngathi liphupha, ingacacanga.

Ukongeza koku , i-dissociative fugueKukwakho nophawu olubizwa ngokuba "yidelusion." Lubandakanya ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okwethutyana nokuba kwindawo engenakucingelwa ngaphandle kwengcinga.

Ngenxa yokuba iingxaki zokungadibani zibangelwa kukwenzakala, abantu abaninzi abanezi meko banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo:

• Ingxaki yoXinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD)
• Ingxaki yoBuntu obuseMda (BPD)
• Iingxaki Zokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi
• Uxinzelelo
• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu zezi meko?

Izifo ezibangela ukungavisisani zinokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, uhlanga, okanye imeko yezoqoqosho, kodwa kubikwa ukuba zixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini .

Abantu abaye baxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo besebancinci basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sokungazibandakanyi (DID). Kumazwe afana ne-United States, iKhanada, neYurophu, kufunyenwe ukuba malunga ne-90% yabantu abane-DID babexhatshazwa kwaye bengahoywa besebancinci.

Zixhaphake kangakanani iingxaki zokungadibani?

Ezi meko aziqhelekanga kangako. Umzekelo, malunga ne-2% yabantu baseMelika banazo ezi ngxaki.

Zithini iimpawu zeengxaki zokungadibani?

Ezi mpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Ezi mpawu zinokuba zimbi kakhulu ngexesha loxinzelelo kwaye ziphazamise imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Iimpawu zesifo sokungaziboni kakuhle (`DID`):

Umntu one-'DID' uneempawu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukileyo. I-'core' identity bubuntu obuqhelekileyo bomntu. 'Utshintsho' bubuntu obuhlukileyo bomntu.

`(alter)` nganye ineendlela zayo zokuziphatha, izimo zengqondo, iminqweno, iinkumbulo, kunye neendlela zokucinga ezahlukileyo. Abanye banokukwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kwezi `(alters)`, kunye nomahluko phakathi komntu one `DID`. Utshintsho ukusuka kwenye `(alter)` ukuya kwenye lwenzeka ngokungazi kwaye ngequbuliso.

Olunye uphawu oluphambili lwe-DID kukuphelelwa yinkumbulo rhoqo malunga neziganeko zemihla ngemihla, iinkcukacha zomntu, kunye/okanye iziganeko ezibuhlungu zexesha elidlulileyo . Nangona ezi mpawu zinokuba zincinci kwabanye abantu, zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi babanye.

Iimpawu ze-Dissociative Amnesia:

Uphawu oluphambili kukungaqondi ngequbuliso , okunokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo:

• Indawo ethile: Ukulibala isiganeko esithile okanye ixesha elithile (le lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo).
• Okukhethiweyo:Kuphela zimbalwa iinkcukacha zeziganeko ezenzeke ngexesha elithile ezilibalekayo.
• Okuqhelekileyo: Ulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yobuwena bakho kunye nebali lobomi bakho (lolu lolona hlobo lunqabileyo).

Usenokuba awuyazi into yokuba ulahlekelwe yinkumbulo, okanye usenokuba unolwazi oluncinci ngayo. Kodwa abo basondeleyo kuwe banokuyiqonda le nto yokuba ulahlekelwe yinkumbulo.

Iimpawu zeDepersonalization/Derealization Disorder:

Kule meko, enye okanye zombini ezi zinto zilandelayo zenzeka ngendlela ephindaphindayo kwixesha elide:

• Ukungabi nabuntu: Ukuziva ukhululekile engqondweni yakho, emzimbeni, okanye kuwe, kwaye ungangeni kwinyani. Njengokungathi ubukela ubomi bakho neziganeko zakho ukude, awuthathi nxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo.
• Ukungaqondi: Ukuziva ukhululekile kwindawo ekungqongileyo nangaphandle kwenyani. Abantu nezinto zinokubonakala zingeyonyani.

Ngeli xesha leziganeko, uyazi kakuhle indawo okuyo, kwaye uyazi ukuba oko ukuvayo akulunganga.

Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha ziqala ebuntwaneni. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuqala bumalunga neminyaka eli-16. Ngaphantsi kwama-20% abantu abanale meko bafumana isiganeko sabo sokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-20.

Zithini izizathu zeengxaki zokungavisisani?

Iingxaki zokungavisisani zihlala zisenzeka njengendlela yokujongana nesiganeko esinzima okanye uxinzelelo lwexesha elide, ukuxhatshazwa, okanye ukwenzakala .

Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa ezi ziganeko zenzeka kwasebuntwaneni, xa abantwana besebancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha, amandla omntwana okuqonda okwenzekayo anqongophele. Kwakhona, iindlela zokujongana nengxaki azikaphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo. Uncedo nenkxaso zifumaneka kuphela ukuba kukho abantu abadala abanoxanduva nabanolwazi.

Ukuzikhupha engqondweni kwimeko ebuhlungu kunokuba yindlela yokuzikhusela yexesha elifutshane ekunceda ukuba ubalekele intlungu. Kodwa ukuba le ndlela yokuzikhusela iyaqhubeka nokukwahlukanisa nenyaniso, isusa lonke ixesha kwinkumbulo yakho, ngoko iba yingxaki.

Imizekelo yeemeko ezibuhlungu:

• Ukuxhatshazwa okuphindaphindiweyo emzimbeni, engqondweni, okanye ngokwesondo
• Ingozi
• Intlekele yendalo
• Iingxabano zemfazwe
• Ukuba lixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho

Kutshanje, izazinzulu beziphanda ngezakhiwo ezithile kunye nemisebenzi yengqondo enxulumene nokuqhekeka. Oko bakufumanisileyo kukuba ngexesha lokuqhekeka, iindawo zengqondo ezingaphakathi kwengqondo ezinxulumene nenkumbulo zibonisa umsebenzi othile onesingqi, ngelixa unxibelelwano nezinye iindawo ezinoxanduva lokucinga nokucwangcisa lubonakala lulahlekile .

Ungazichonga njani iingxaki zokungadibani?

Oogqirha baxilonga iingxaki zokuhlukana ngokuphonononga ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ukujonga ezinye iimeko zomzimba ezinokubangela ezi mpawu (umz., ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo). Umzekelo:

• Ukulimala entloko
• Iithumba zobuchopho
• Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye/okanye utywala

Wakuba ugqibile ukuba akukho nto ibangela ukuba ube nesifo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uthunyelwe kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, efana nengcali yezifo zengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo, eya kwenza uxilongo ngokusebenzisa udliwanondlebe lweklinikhi kunye nokuqwalasela.

Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zihlela kwaye zichonge iingxaki zokungadibani zisebenzisa iindlela ezikwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ye-American Psychiatric Association.

Zinyangwa njani iingxaki zokungadibani?

Unyango oluphambili lweengxaki zokuzihlukanisa yi -psychotherapy, okanye i-talk therapy. Oku kukunceda ukulawula inkqubo kunye neempawu zokuzihlukanisa.

Unyango lwengqondo lunikezelwa yingcali yezempilo yengqondo eqeqeshiweyo nenelayisenisi, efana nengcali yezifo zengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Lubonelela wena kunye/okanye usapho lwakho ngenkxaso, imfundo, kunye nesikhokelo sokukunceda ujongane nobomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye uphucule impilo-ntle yakho yengqondo.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango lwengqondo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifo zokuzihlukanisa:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT): Olu luhlobo olucwangcisiweyo nolujoliswe kulo lwe-psychotherapy. Ingcali yakho yonyango ikunceda ujonge nzulu iingcinga zakho neemvakalelo zakho. Nge-CBT, ungafunda ukuyeka iingcinga nezenzo ezingalunganga kwaye uphuhlise iindlela zokucinga nemikhuba enempilo.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Kwe-Dialectical (DBT): I-DBT yenzelwe ngokukodwa abantu abanamava eemvakalelo ezinzulu. Injongo ephambili kukulinganisela ukuqinisekiswa kokuba ungubani kunye nemingeni yakho kunye neenzuzo zotshintsho. Ingcali yakho yonyango iya kukunceda ufunde izakhono ezintsha zokuphucula amandla akho okulawula iimvakalelo zakho.

Inkqubo yonyango inokuba nzima, njengoko ibandakanya ukukhumbula iziganeko ezidlulileyo ezibuhlungu nokufunda ukumelana nazo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, inokubonelela ngokukhululeka okukhulu kwiimpawu zakho .

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokunceda:

• I-Hypnosis (`I-Hypnosis` / `I-Hypnotherapy`):I-hypnosis yimeko yokuphumla nzulu kunye nokugxila kakhulu. Xa ulele, olu kugxila kakhulu lukuvumela ukuba ungawahoyi amaphutha aqhelekileyo kwaye uvuleleke ngakumbi kwiingcebiso ezinokukukhokela ekwenzeni utshintsho ukuphucula impilo yakho.
• Ukususa Uvakalelo Nokuhlengahlengiswa Kwamehlo (i-EMDR therapy): Oku kuquka ukuhambisa amehlo akho ngeendlela ezithile ngelixa ucubungula iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu. Injongo ye-EMDR kukukunceda uphile emva kokwenzakala okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo ebomini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango, i-EMDR yindlela entsha.

Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lweengxaki zokuzihlukanisa. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza, anjenge-antidepressants, ukunyanga ezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinokubakho.

Ikamva limphathele ntoni umntu onesifo sokungavisisani?

Isiganeko somntu onesifo sokungadibani naso sinokuhluka kumntu nomntu.

Ngonyango lobuchwephesha (oludla ngokusetyenziswa yi-psychotherapy), abantu abaninzi abane-dissociative disorder banokulawula iimpawu zabo eziphambili baze basebenze kakuhle kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bane-dissociative identity disorder (DID), le meko inokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuzama ukuzibulala kunye nokuzilimaza kuqhelekile kubantu abane-DID. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-70% abantu abane-DID bazama ukuzibulala.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ucinga ngokuzibulala, nceda utsalele umnxeba kwiNational Mental Health Helpline ku-1926. Kukho umntu ofumanekayo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku ukukunceda.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uziva ngathi uneempawu zesifo sokungavisisani, thetha nogqirha okanye nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ngokukhawuleza.

Njengakweyiphi na imeko yempilo yengqondo, ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ebomini bakho. Ukuba uneempawu zokuhlukana, thetha nogqirha. Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zinokubonelela ngezicwangciso zonyango ukukunceda ulawule imeko yakho.

Umyalezo Oza Kuwuthatha Ekhaya Ovela Kwinto Esiyithethileyo

Kulungile, masikukhumbuze ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako.

• Iingxaki zokungadibanisi zizinto ezenzeka engqondweni ezinokwenzeka xa umntu esenzakele kakhulu .
• Uphawu olusisiseko kukuba uzive ukhululekile kuwe, kwiinkumbulo zakho, okanye kwihlabathi ohlala kulo .
• I-dissociative identity disorder (DID), i-dissociative amnesia, kunye ne-depersonalization/reality disorder zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
• Ezi meko azixhaphakanga, kodwa kukho unyango.
• Unyango oluphambili yi -psychotherapy.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni zokufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.
• Awuwedwa. Baninzi abantu abajongene nezi meko, kwaye kukho abo banokukunceda.

Khumbula, ukuqaphela le meko, ukuthetha ngayo, nokufuna uncedo ngamanyathelo amakhulu okubuyisela ulawulo lobomi bakho.

Iingxaki zokuzihlukanisa, Impilo Yengqondo, Ukonzakala, Ukulahlekelwa yiMemori, Unyango lwezengqondo, i-DID, Ukungabi nabuntu