Isifo seNtsholongwane ye-Ebola: Ngaba siyayazi ngokwenene le ntsholongwane iyingozi?

Xa usiva igama elithi Ebola, mhlawumbi uziva uloyiko kancinci, akunjalo? Sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesisongela ubomi. Ukuchaneka, sisifo esihlasela imithambo yegazi yethu. Iimpawu ze-Ebola ziqala njengeempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kodwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, imeko inokuba mandundu kwaye inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nokopha kakhulu (ukopha kakhulu), ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo, kunye nokuhlanza okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

I-Ebola ayisosifo sixhaphakileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zaqala ukufumanisa intsholongwane ebangela i-Ebola, ilungu losapho lwe-orthoebolavirus , ngo-1976 kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo (eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiZaire), eAfrika. Ukusukela ngoko, esi sifo siye sasasazeka rhoqo. Ubhubhane we-Ebola omkhulu wenzeke phakathi kowama-2013 nowama-2016. Yasulela abantu abangama-28,652 kumazwe amalunga ne-10 kwihlabathi liphela, yabulala abantu abali-11,325.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba sele ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-Ebola kwaye uneempawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko okanye ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Ebola?

Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-Ebola virus ezichaphazela abantu. Ezi virus zithiywe ngokwemimandla apho zaqala ukubonwa khona, kodwa ukususela ngoko ziye zasasazeka nakwezinye iindawo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwahlukile kubukhali beempawu kunye nobunzima besifo.

• I-Bundibugyo ebolavirus / i-Bundibugyo virus: Oku kubangela isifo se-Bundibugyo virus (BDBV). Akulula ukuba sibulale kunezinye iintlobo.
• I-ebolavirus yaseSudan / intsholongwane yaseSudan: Oku kubangela isifo se-virus yaseSudan (SVD). Esi sisifo esibulalayo kakhulu.
• I-ebolavirus yaseTaï Forest / intsholongwane yaseTaï Forest: Oku kubangela isifo sentsholongwane yaseTaï Forest (TAFV). Esi sesona sizathu singaqhelekanga se-Ebola.
• I-Zaire ebolavirus / i-Ebola virus: Olu luhlobo olubangela i-Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). Lulo olubangela ubhubhane nokufa kwe-Ebola.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-Ebola? Zithini iimpawu zayo?

Zonke iintlobo ze-Ebola zibangela iimpawu ezifanayo. Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane:

• Ukuziva ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu kwaye ndibuthathaka (ndidinwe kakhulu)
• Ifiva
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Intlungu yemisipha
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Umqala obuhkungu

Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, iimpawu ze-Ebola eziqatha zinokubonakala. Ezi ziquka:

• Isihlalo esimnyama, esihlala ixesha elide (melena)
• Ukopha okanye ukukrwela
• Ukudideka
• Urhudo, ngamanye amaxesha olunegazi
• Amabala abomvu okanye amabala egazi eluswini (i-petechiae okanye i-purpura)
• Amehlo abomvu okanye abomvu
• Ukugabha, ngamanye amaxesha kunye nokugabha igazi okanye ikofu egayiweyo

Amanqanaba okugqibela e-Ebola anokuba mandundu kakhulu . Aquka:

• Usulelo/ukudumba kobuchopho (i-encephalitis)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba
• Ukuxhuzula (ngamanye amaxesha kufana nokuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula)
• Ukungabikho kokuhamba kwegazi okwaneleyo emzimbeni (umothuko)

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iimpawu ze-Ebola zibonakale?

Iimpawu zingabonakala kwangethuba emva kweentsuku ezimbini emva kokuchaphazeleka yintsholongwane ye-Ebola, okanye emva kweeveki ezintathu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha lokukhulelwa (ixesha elithathwayo ukuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni ize iqale ukubonisa iimpawu) lingahluka.

Yintoni ebangela ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola? Isasazeka njani?

Ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola kudla ngokuvela kumazwe aseNtshona, eMbindini, naseMpuma Afrika. Intsholongwane ye-Ebola iqala kwizilwanyana ezifana nezi:

• IiAntelope
• Amalulwane eziqhamo
• Iinkawu ezingezizo ezomntu - iinkawu neenkawu

Zonke iintlobo ze-Ebola zisasazeka ngendlela efanayo. Ii-Orthoebolavirus zisasazeka ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba oluvela kwizilwanyana ezinesi sifo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-spillover event , oko kuthetha ukuba isifo sinokusasazeka ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya ebantwini) okanye ebantwini. Ezi ncindi zomzimba zezi:

• Ulwelo lwe-amniotic (ulwelo olujikeleze umntwana esibelekweni)
• Ubisi lwebele
• Umchamo/umchamo
• Indle/isitulo
• Amadlozi
• Ukutshica/ukutshopha
• Ukubila

Ungayifumana i-Ebola kwiindawo, izinto, okanye izixhobo zonyango ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane. Ingasasazeka nangokutya inyama yezilwanyana ezineentsholongwane.

Ngaba i-Ebola inokudluliselwa ngesondo?

Ewe, i-Ebola inokudluliselwa ngokunxibelelana ngesondo ngomdumba womntu osulelekileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngempundu
• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo
• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngesini

Ngeendlela ezifana.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina bokuba i-Ebola inokudluliselwa ngolwelo oluvela kwilungu lobufazi lomfazi osulelekileyo.

Ingaba i-Ebola isasazeka emoyeni?

Akunakwenzeka ukuba i-Ebola isasazeke ngomoya. Usulelo oluphuma emoyeni lusasazwa ngamathontsi amancinci okuphefumla akhutshwa xa umntu ekhohlela, ekhupha umoya, ehleka, okanye ethimla. Kunzima ukuyicinga into yokuba i-Ebola isasazeka ngaloo ndlela.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Ebola?

Usesichengeni esikhulu sokufumana i-Ebola ukuba usondelelene nomntu osulelekileyo. Oku kuquka abasebenzi bezempilo kunye namalungu osapho .

Ukuba usondelelene nomntu one-Ebola, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (i-PPE) ezifanelekileyo ezifana neeglasi zokukhusela ubuso, izikhuselo zobuso kunye neemaski.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-Ebola?

Nokuba sele uphilile kwi-Ebola, ezinye iingxaki ezingapheliyo zinokwenzeka. Ezi ziquka:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Intlungu yamehlo okanye ukubomvu
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yemisipha kunye namalungu
• Ukungaziva mnandi kunye nokurhawuzelela kwamalungu omzimba (i-peripheral neuropathy)
• Ukuxobuka kolusu
• Iingxaki zokubona, kuquka ubumfama, ukubona okufipheleyo, kunye nokungaziva kukhanya (photophobia).

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-Ebola?

Kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga i-Ebola kuba iimpawu zayo ziyafana nezezinye izifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane otyheli, imalariya, kunye nomkhuhlane wetyphoid. Ke ngoko, oogqirha kuqala:

• Ukujonga imbali yakho yempilo.
• Ukubuza ngeempawu zakho.
• Baza kukubuza ukuba ubukhe waya phi kutshanje, okanye ukuba ubukhe wadibana nabantu okanye izilwanyana ocinga ukuba zinokuba ne-Ebola.

Ukuba bacinga ukuba une-Ebola, baya kukucebisa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-PCR ukuze kufunyanwe i-Ebola. Uvavanyo lwe-PCR luhlobo lovavanyo lwegazi.

Ngaba i-Ebola inganyangeka? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Ewe, kukho unyango lwe-Ebola. Oogqirha basebenzisa unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody ezimbini kwisifo se-Ebola virus. La ma-monoclonal antibodies asebenza njenge-antibodies ezenziwe ngumzimba wakho ngokwendalo. Anceda ekulweni nosulelo de umzimba wakho ukwazi ukwakha ukhuselo lwawo.

Ezo ndlela zonyango lwe-monoclonal antibody zezi:

• I-Ebanga®: Le yi-antibody enye ye-monoclonal.
• I-Inmazeb®: Le yindibaniselwano yee-antibodies ezintathu ze-monoclonal.

Iingcali ziye zavavanya olu nyango kuphela kwiintsholongwane ze-ebolavirus zaseZaire.

Oogqirha baza kusebenza nokulawula iimpawu zakho baze banyange naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela. Banokukunika oku kulandelayo:

• Ulwelo lwe-IV ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• Unyango lweoksijini
• Izithomalalisi zentlungu
• IiVasopressors zokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuchaphazeleka yi-Ebola kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko . Usenokuba semngciphekweni ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho kukho izilwanyana ezine-Ebola, okanye ukuba uye waya kwindawo enesifo se-Ebola.

Ungabuza le mibuzo ngexesha lokubonana nogqirha wakho:

• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ukusasazwa kwe-Ebola kwabanye?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Ndingasulela ixesha elingakanani?

Ngaba i-Ebola ingathintelwa?

Ewe, kukho isitofu sokugonya esibizwa ngokuba yi-Ervebo® esikhusela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Ebola. Oku kuquka abantu abasebenza kwiilabhoratri ezineentsholongwane ze-Ebola (ii-orthoebolavirus) kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo abanyanga izigulane ze-Ebola. Sikwasebenza njengothintelo lwangaphambi kokuchaphazeleka kubantu abahamba kwiindawo ezineentsholongwane ze-Ebola. Sikwasebenza ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwesi sifo.

Isitofu sokugonya iZabdeno®/Mvabea® sikwakhusela abantu abadala nabantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 ubudala nangaphezulu kwisifo se-Ebola. IZabdeno yidosi yokuqala yesitofu sokugonya, kwaye iMvabea yidosi yokunyusa enikwa malunga neenyanga ezimbini kamva.

Imibutho yezempilo yoluntu isebenza ukulawula ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola ngokubeka esweni amatyala amatsha kunye nokugcina abasebenzi bezempilo abanyanga izigulane ze-Ebola bekhuselekile. Ungenza nezi zinto ukuzikhusela ekufumaneni i-Ebola:

• Kuphephe ukudibana nolwelo lomzimba kunye nezicubu zabantu nezilwanyana (eziphilayo okanye ezifileyo) ezinokuba ne-Ebola.
• Yeka ukwabelana ngesondo ngokupheleleyo, okanye usebenzise iikhondom, de uvavanyo luqinisekise ukuba isidoda sakho asisenayo i-Ebola.
• Ukuba une-Ebola, zihlukanise nabanye abantu.
• Kuphephe ukutya inyama yezilwanyana zasendle.
• Musa ukuchukumisa ulwelo lomzimba lomntu one-Ebola. Nokuba unxibe iiglavu, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokuzichukumisa.
• Musa ukuya kwiindawo apho kukho ubhubhane we-Ebola.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (PPE) xa unyamekela umntu one-Ebola.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndifumana i-Ebola?

Ukuze wongeze amathuba akho okuchacha ngokupheleleyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba unesifo se-Ebola, kungcono ukuba uzihlukanise nabanye abantu ude ungasasuleli. Oogqirha nabanye abakhathalelayo kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (PPE) ukuze bazikhusele bona kunye nabanye abantu.

Emva kokuba uphilile ngokupheleleyo, inkqubo yakho yomzimba ivelisa ii-antibodies ezikukhusela kwi-Ebola kangangeminyaka eli-10.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intsholongwane ye-Ebola emzimbeni wam? Ihlala ixesha elingakanani kwi-semen?

Nokuba iimpawu zakho ziphelile, intsholongwane ye-Ebola inokuhlala kwezinye iindawo emzimbeni wakho kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga. Ezi ndawo ziquka:

• Inkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi (kuquka ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo)
• Amehlo
• Amadlozi

Intsholongwane ye-Ebola ingaphila kwisidoda ixesha elide – malunga neenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuba uphilile. Oogqirha baya kukuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba awusasuleli. Kodwa kude kube ngoko, sebenzisa iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ukukhusela amaqabane akho kwizifo, okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukwabelana ngesondo.

Ngaba i-Ebola inganyangeka? (Amanani okusinda)

Ewe, i-Ebola inganyangeka. Nangona kunjalo, amazinga okusinda ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo:

• Ngaphandle konyango, abantu abali-9 kwabali-10 abasuleleka yi-Ebola (i-Zaire ebolavirus) banokufa.
• Ukuba intsholongwane yaseSudan iyabonakala, umntu omnye kwaba babini uya kufa.
• Ukuba intsholongwane yeBundibugyo iyabonakala, malunga ne-3 kwi-10 yezigulana ziya kufa.
• Mnye kuphela umntu owakha wafumana i-Ebola kwintsholongwane yeTaï Forest, kwaye ayizange ibulale.

Izinga lokusinda kuzo zonke izifo ze-Ebola ngokubanzi lingaphezulu kwama-50%.

Ukuba une-Ebola, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ingaba i-Ebola isaphila?

Ewe, i-Ebola ibikho ngexesha lezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ihlala kwizilwanyana ezosulelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokusasazeka ebantwini. Iimeko ze-Ebola zibikwe nase-United States. Oko bekusenzeka ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwesifo eGuinea ngo-2013-2016. Uninzi lweziganeko bezikubasebenzi bezonyango ababonakalise iimpawu emva kokubuya e-United States bevela eNtshona Afrika. Okanye kubantu abaziswe e-United States ukuze bafumane unyango emva kokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola. Akukho ntsholongwane ye-Ebola echaphazela abantu eqale e-United States.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Xa usiva ngokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola, izihloko eziphambili kumaphephandaba nakwiindaba ziyoyikisa kakhulu. Yinyani leyo. Le yintsholongwane esongela ubomi enokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yexesha elide.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa kwemithi yokugonya kunye nonyango olungcono lokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-Ebola, abantu abaninzi bayasinda kwi-Ebola kunangaphambili. Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-Ebola, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kwaye uthintele ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka, nikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwimpilo yakho. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Khumbula, ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela!

I- Ebola, i-EVD, Umkhuhlane we-Viral Hemorrhagic, Iimpawu ze-Ebola, Ukudluliselwa kwe-Ebola, Unyango lwe-Ebola, Uthintelo lwe-Ebola