Ingaba imeko-bume imbi emzimbeni wakho? Masifunde nge-Environmental Allergies!

Ngaba uhlala uthimla? Ngaba unempumlo evalekileyo, umqala okrwelekayo, amehlo abomvu namanzi? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ude ube nempumlo egobhozayo? Ukuba ezi zinto zenzeka rhoqo, usenokuba nenye yeengxaki zokusingqongileyo esiza kuthetha ngazo namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, le yinto abantu abaninzi abanayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le nto, kutheni isenzeka, indlela yokuyiqonda, kunye nendlela yokuyiphepha.

Zithini ezi zinto zokunganyamezelani kokusingqongileyo?

Ngamafutshane, ii-allergies zokusingqongileyo zenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba isabela ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezikungqongileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zinto - sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-allergens' - azinabungozi kangako. Kodwa ukuba une-allergy kwinto ethile, umzimba wakho usabela kuyo ngendlela yokuba une-allergy.

Khawucinge nje, unonogada endlwini yakho. Uhlala ekhusela indlu kumasela. Kodwa, ukuba une-'allergy', lo nogada ngamanye amaxesha ubona isihlobo sakho sifika endlwini yakho size sicinge ukuba lisela aze akhathazeke.

Ngubani onokuhlakulela le aleji?

Nabani na unokuba nezi aleji zokusingqongileyo . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umama notata wakho banazo ezi aleji, nawe unokuba nazo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu. Kuthiwa malunga nezigidi ezingama-24 zabantu kwilizwe elifana neMelika banale meko. Bambalwa abantu abane-allergies ezinjalo eSri Lanka.

Le allergy ichaphazela njani umzimba?

Xa uqala ukudibana ne-allergen, inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ivelisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi -Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . La ma-antibodies e-IgE anamathela kwiiseli ze-mast kwiimembrane zethu ze-mucus, ulusu, indlela ye-GI, kunye nendlela yokuphefumla. La maseli e-mast agcina iikhemikhali ezifana ne -histamine .

Ngoku, kwixesha elizayo xa i-allergen ingena emzimbeni kwakhona, iiseli ze-mast ezibotshelelwe kwi-'IgE' ziyasebenza kwaye zikhuphe i-histamine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezingaphakathi.

I-Histamine yiyo ekunika ezo mpawu zikhawulezayo ezifana nokuthimla, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye namehlo arhawuzelelwayo. Ezi mpawu zinokuvela kwimizuzu embalwa. Amanye amachiza anokubangela ukudumba okuqhubekayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ii-reactions zinokwenzeka ezingahambelaniyo ne-IgE. Oko kukuthi, umzimba unokusabela kwiikhemikhali ezithile eziguquguqukayo (umz., umsi wepeyinti, iziqholo) ezifana nee -volatile organic compounds (ii-VOC) . Ezi zifana nee-IgE reactions, kodwa azibandakanyi ii-antibodies ze-IgE. Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya uthuli nomsi.

Zithini iimpawu ze-allergies ezibangelwa kukunganyamezelani nezinto ezisingqongileyo?

Ukunganyamezelani kwendalo kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuxinana kwempumlo, ukuziva ubunzima
• Ukuthontsiza emva kwempumlo
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuba mnyama ngeenxa zonke zamehlo (ii-allergy shiners)
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• IiHives
• Impumlo erhawuzelelayo nevuzayo
• Amehlo abomvu, arhawuzelelayo, namanzi ( epiphora )
• Ukuthimla
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci

Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi aleji zinokubangela nokuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba . Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.

Yintoni ebangela ezi aleji zokusingqongileyo?

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela ezi allergies kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-Pollen: La ngamasuntswana amancinci afana nothuli avela emithini, engceni, nakumahlumela. Athwalwa ngumoya kwaye asetyenziselwa ukufunxa i-pollen kwizityalo. Amanqanaba e-pollen aphezulu kusasa. Kwakhona, amanqanaba e-pollen aphezulu kwiintsuku ezishushu nezinomoya.
• Iimbotyi: Ezi ziimbotyi ezincinci. Iimbotyi zazo zibhabha emoyeni. Iimbotyi zikhula kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezingenamoya ungako (umz., izindlu zangasese, izinki zasekhitshini, amagumbi angaphantsi). Zingakhula ngaphandle kwiindawo ezifana neenkumbi zamagqabi, ingca, kunye nengca. Iintsholongwane zomngundo zikhula ngakumbi kwiintsuku ezishushu nezinomswakama.
• I-dander kunye namathe ezilwanyana zasekhaya: La ngamasuntswana amancinci ('i-dander') aphuma eluswini nasebusweni benja okanye ikati yakho . Ezinye zeeproteni ezikwi-saliva yazo nazo zinokuba ne-allergen.
• Iincukuthu zothuli: Ezi zizidalwa ezincinci ezinxulumene nezigcawu kwaye zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Zihlala kwiindawo ezifana neematrasi, imiqamelo, iibhedi, iikhaphethi, iisofa, kunye neekhethini. Zitya iiseli zolusu olufileyo esizikhuphayo thina nezilwanyana zethu zasekhaya. Azilumi, kodwa ilindle lazo, umchamo, kunye namalungu omzimba afileyo zinokubangela i-allergies ukuba uziphefumlela.
• Amaphela: Iiproteni ezikwindle, amathe, amaqanda, kunye namalungu omzimba ofileyo ezi zinambuzane nazo zinokubangela i-allergies kwabanye abantu.

Ukongeza kwezi zinto, izinto ezibangela iimpendulo ezingezizo eze-IgE zezi:

• Umsi: Nawuphi na umsi, njengomsi wecuba, umsi wemoto, umsi wesitovu somthi, kunye nomsi wesiqhumiso, awumnandi kwabanye abantu.
• Uthuli: Uthuli oluqhelekileyo lwasekhaya lunezinto ezininzi, kuquka iiseli zolusu ezifileyo, iinwele, impova, amasuntswana elaphu, izinambuzane, amasuntswana ezinambuzane, kunye nomhlaba.

Ngaba ukungevani kwendalo kuyasulela?

Hayi. Le aleji ayosuleli. Awunakunika omnye umntu i-aleji onayo.

Uyifumanisa njani le allergy?

Ukuba unale mpawu rhoqo, bonana nogqirha we-allergies.Eyona nto ingcono kukudibana naye. Uza kukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-allergies efana nale?
• Ngaba wakha wafunyaniswa ukuba une-allergies?
• Zithini iimpawu zakho?
• Ngaba uthatha amayeza ezi mpawu (umz., iipilisi ezivela kwikhemesti)?
• Ezi mpawu zidla ngokuvela nini?
• Ngaba kukho izilwanyana ekhaya?
• Uzihlamba kangaphi izinto ezifana neekhaphethi nge-vacuum? Ngaba uyazihlamba iibhedi zakho?

Emva koko, ugqirha angenza uvavanyo oluthile.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqhutywayo?

• Uvavanyo lokuhlatywa kwesikhumba: Oku kuquka ukubeka inani elincinci le-allergen eluswini lwengalo okanye umqolo wakho uze uyihlabe ngenaliti encinci. Akuyi kubakho gazi, kuya kubakho nje ukukrwempa okuncinci. Emva kwemizuzu eli-15, ukuba une-allergy kwinto ethile, indawo iya kuba bomvu kwaye kuya kuvela iqhubu elincinci, njengokulunywa yingcongconi. Oku kuya kukuxelela ukuba une-allergy enjani. Oku kungenziwa ngaphantsi kweyure.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi (IgE): Oku kuquka ukuthatha inani elincinci legazi lakho, ukongeza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela i-allergy kulo elebhu, kunye nokujonga amanqanaba akho e-IgE. Iziphumo zingathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki ukubuya. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ithuba elincinci leziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba ne-allergy kwinto ongenayo i-allergy kuyo ngokwenene.

Ungazisusa njani ezi aleji? Okanye uzilawule njani?

Enyanisweni, ezi aleji zokusingqongileyo azinakuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokulawulwa kwaye zincitshiswe. Ngenxa yoku , kusetyenziswa kakhulu ii-antihistamines .

Ngaba ii-antihistamines zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-antihistamines:

1. Ii-antihistamines zesizukulwana sokuqala: Imizekelo: `Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)`, `Clemastine (Dayhist®)`, `Hydroxyzine (Atarax®)`.

• Ezi zinokubangela ukozela , umlomo owomileyo, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, ukukhohlela, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza.

2. Ii-antihistamine zesizukulwana sesibini: Imizekelo: `Fexofenadine (Allegra®)`, `Cetirizine (Zyrtec®)`, `Loratadine (Claritin®)`.

• Ezi azinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi, ingakumbi ukozela okuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba namaqhuqhuva eluswini, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukurhawuzelelwa, kunye nokudumba kobuso (i-angioedema).

Ezinye izifundo zibike ukuba abantu abasebenzisa amayeza afana ne-'Cetirizine' kunye ne-'Hydroxyzine' banokufumana ixhala kunye nokudakumba okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ngale nto.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze uzive ungcono emva kokusebenzisa iyeza?

I-antihistamine idla ngokuqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu engama-30 emva kokuyithatha, kwaye isebenza kakhulu kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba usele i-antihistamine yonke imihla, ungalindeli ukuba kuvele iimpawu.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba une-allergies kwindawo ohlala kuyo?

Nangona ezi zingenakunyangeka ngokupheleleyo, iimpawu zinokulawulwa kakuhle ngokuhlala kude kakhulu nezinto ezibangela i-allergens kwaye uthathe amayeza njengoko ugqirha emyalele .

Ungazikhusela njani kwezi zinto zokunganyamezelani?

Izitshizi zempumlo, ezifana ne -Fluticasone nasal spray (Flonase®), zithathwa njengezisebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni iimpawu zokunganyamezelani kakuhle (ukuxinana kwempumlo, impumlo egobhozayo, uxinzelelo lwe-sinus). Zinciphisa ukudumba empumlweni. Ungasebenzisa ezi zitshizi yonke imihla. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba neempumlo ezirhawuzelelwayo nezigobhozayo. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kufuneka bathethe nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba bazisebenzise, ​​njengoko ukuzisebenzisa ixesha elide kunokunyusa uxinzelelo emehlweni (i-glaucoma).

Ukuba une-allergies ezincinci, ukuthatha i-antihistamine yesizukulwana sesibini imihla ngemihla kusenokuba lolona khetho lungcono.

Ukongeza, unokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-allergy ngokwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

Ekhaya:

• Gcina iifestile zivaliwe kwaye usebenzise i-air conditioner (AC) ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukuba iifestile zivuliwe, ipollen iza kungena endlwini. Musa ukubeka ifeni ecaleni kwefestile, kuba oku kunokubangela uthuli kunye nepollen ngaphakathi.
• Hluza umoya ongaphakathi endlwini yakho. Ungayihluza ipollen ngokubeka into efana ne-cheesecloth phezu kwemingxuma yomoya. Ukuba une- HEPA filter , licebo elihle ukuyisebenzisa nayo. Tshintsha i-filter rhoqo.
• Nciphisa umswakama ekhayeni lakho. Ukugcina umswakama ungaphantsi kwama-50% kuya kunciphisa ukukhula kwesikhunta kunye nokwanda kwezinambuzane zothuli.
• Ziphephe iindawo apho kunokukhulwa khona isikhunta. Iindawo ezifana nee-basement, iigaraji, kunye neendawo ezinamahlathi. Coca ezi ndawo rhoqo ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Hlamba izilwanyana zasekhaya kwaye uzicoce rhoqo. Musa ukuzisa kwigumbi lokulala, ebhedini, okanye esofeni.
• Zikhusele kwiincukuthu zothuli. Beka izigqubuthelo ze-microfiber kwimiqamelo nakwiimatrasi. Hlamba iibhedi kanye ngeveki ngamanzi ashushu (malunga nama-54 degrees Celsius). Kuphephe imiqamelo egcwele iintsiba kunye nefenitshala enelaphu elininzi. Ifenitshala efana nesikhumba kunye ne-vinyl zilungile kuba kunzima ukuba iincukuthu zothuli zingene.
• Hlamba iikhaphethi kunye neekhaphethi rhoqo. Ubuncinane kabini ngeveki. Nxiba imaski xa ucoca. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, tshintsha iikhaphethi ngeethayile, umthi, okanye i-linoleum. Ukuba unekhaphethi, hlamba umatshini kwaye uzihlambe rhoqo.
• Musa ukutshaya ngaphakathi endlwini. Sebenzisa izinto ezifana neecuba kunye neentonga zokuqhumisa ngaphandle.

Ngaphandle:

• Gcina iifestile zivaliwe xa uqhuba. Vula i-AC kwaye ugcine umoya ujikeleza kwakhona .
• Jonga inani le-pollen phambi kokuba uphume ngaphandle.Ukuba kunokwenzeka, hlala endlwini ngeentsuku ezishushu, ezomileyo nezinomoya. Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwi-pollen phakathi kwentsimbi yesi-5:00 kusasa kunye neye-10:00 kusasa, xa inani le-pollen liphezulu.
• Nxiba imaski. Nxiba imaski xa ucheba igadi, ususa amagqabi, okanye usebenza ngezinto ezifana nengca nomgquba.
• Hlamba xa ubuya ngaphandle. Hlamba iinwele zakho uze utshintshe impahla yakho. Oku kuya kususa impova emzimbeni wakho nakwiimpahla.
• Sebenzisa isixhobo sokomisa xa womisa impahla. Musa ukuxhoma impahla ngaphandle. Oku kunokubangela ukubamba impova kunye nokungunda kwiimpahla.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zokunganyamezelani rhoqo, ingakumbi ukuba zichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

• Uyabona njani kanye kanye ukuba ndine-aleji kwindawo endihlala kuyo?
• Zeziphi izinto endinganyamezelani nazo?
• Loluphi uhlobo lonyango lwe-allergy olucebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zaloo mayeza?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndithathe iyeza yonke imihla, okanye kuphela xa kuvela iimpawu?
• Ndingakwazi ukuphuma?
• Ngaba kukho izityalo ezingalungelanga ukuba nazo emyezweni wam okanye ngaphakathi endlwini yam?
• Ndingazi njani ukuba ndineempawu ze-allergy, okanye iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-allergy yendalo kunye ne-allergy yokutya?

I-allergy yendalo yindlela amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngayo kwizinto ezikungqongileyo.

I-allergy yokutya yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kwiiproteni ezifumaneka ekutyeni okuthile. I-allergy yokutya eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ubisi, amaqanda kunye namandongomane.

Ukunganyamezelani kwendalo kwenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba isabela ngokugqithisileyo kwinto ekuyo. Le mpendulo inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nempumlo evalekileyo, amehlo anamanzi, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye nokudinwa. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, bona ugqirha. Angenza uvavanyo ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni na onayo. Banokukunika amayeza okunceda ukuthintela iimpawu zokunganyamezelani.

Isishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda ngcono izinto ezibangela ukunganyamezelani kokusingqongileyo esithethe ngazo namhlanje. Khumbula, le yinto abantu abaninzi abanayo, ngoko ke akukho nto unokuba neentloni ngayo okanye uyoyike.

• Eyona nto iphambili kukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ukuba ungabi na-aleji. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngaloo nto.
• Zama ukuphepha izinto ezibangela i-allergen kangangoko unako. Gcina ikhaya lakho licocekile kwaye ulumke xa uphuma.
• Sebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha ngqo.
• Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu. Ukuba zichaphazela ubomi bakho, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ulandela la manyathelo, ungaphila ubomi obutofotofo, nokuba une-allergies kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Ukuba unemibuzo eminye, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha.

Ii - aleji zokusingqongileyo, ii-aleji, ukuthimla, ukuxinana kweempumlo, ulusu olurhawuzelelayo, ipollen, iincukuthu zothuli, ii-antihistamines