Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba igazi elingaphakathi emzimbeni wethu lihlala lihlaziywa? Imizimba yethu yifektri emangalisayo. Umsebenzi obalulekileyo owenziwa kule fektri imini yonke kukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, oko kukuthi, iiseli ezibomvu egazini. Ukuba uhlala uziva udiniwe kwaye ungenabomi, isizathu sisenokuba kukungabikho kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nkqubo imangalisayo, eyi-'erythropoiesis'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-erythropoiesis?
I-Erythropoiesis yinkqubo apho imizimba yethu ivelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye ii-erythrocytes ngokwezonyango. Oku kufana naxa umama wethu epheka isidlo esitsha xa siphelelwa kukutya. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezindala emzimbeni wethu ziyafa emva kwexesha elithile. Ngoko ke, le nkqubo yiyo eyenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha endaweni yoko.
Oku kugcina inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wethu likwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, linganyuki kwaye linganciphisi kakhulu.
Kutheni ke ngoko iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibaluleke kangaka kuthi?
Khawucinge ngenkonzo yokuhambisa impahla ehambisa impahla emzimbeni wakho wonke. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zenza kanye loo nto.
- Ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini: Xa siphefumla, ioksijini engena emiphungeni yethu ithwalwa iye kuzo zonke iiseli kunye nezicubu zomzimba wethu zezi seli zibomvu zegazi. Ukususela ebuchotsheni ukuya ezinzwaneni, yonke into ifuna ioksijini ukuze iphile.
- Ukususa ikharbon diokside: Kwakhona, ikharbon diokside, inkunkuma ekhutshwa kwiiseli zethu, iyaqokelelwa ize ibuyiselwe emiphungeni ukuze siyikhuphe emzimbeni xa sikhupha umoya.
Ngamafutshane, ngaphandle kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli zomzimba wethu azinakuphila.
I-Erythropoiesis yinxalenye nje enye yenkqubo iyonke yokwenziwa kwegazi emzimbeni wethu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'hematopoiesis.' Le nkqubo iyonke ivelisa zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
Le nkqubo yenzeka phi emzimbeni?
Indawo apho ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zitshintsha khona ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ngethuba umntwana esesibelekweni (i-Fetal Erythropoiesis)
Igazi liqala ukwakheka emizimbeni yethu nangaphambi kokuba sizalwe.
- Kwiiveki ezi-3: Igazi liqala ukwakheka kwisakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'yolk sac', esinika umntwana isondlo sakhe sokuqala.
- Kwiinyanga ezi-2-3: Ukwakheka kwegazi kwenzeka kwisibindi nakwipleyini yomntwana ongekazalwa.
- Emva kweenyanga ezi-5: Igazi liqala ukwakheka kumongo wethambo lomntwana ongekazalwa.
Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala
Emva kokuba sizelwe, umongo wethu uba ngumzi-mveliso oyintloko wokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Le yindawo ethambileyo, ethambileyo engaphakathi emathanjeni ethu.
- Ngexesha lobuntwana: Igazi lenziwa ngomongo wamathambo amaninzi amakhulu omzimba.
- Xa umntu emdala: Igazi lenziwa ikakhulu kumongo wethambo wamathambo ambalwa athile , njengamathambo esinqeni, amathambo omqolo, iimbambo, kunye nethambo elithe tyaba eliphakathi kwesifuba (ithambo lesifuba).
Uhambo lweseli ebomvu yegazi
Oku akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye. Iseli enye ebomvu yegazi kufuneka idlule kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo ukuze ikhule ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, isebenze. Lonke uhambo luthatha malunga neveki .
Konke kuqala ngeseli ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Hematopoietic Stem Cell' (HSC). Oku kufana nembewu. Le mbewu inokukhula ibe yiyo nantoni na ukusuka kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Ukuze ibe yiseli ebomvu yegazi, le seli iphambili idlula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi inokukunceda uqonde olu hambo ngokucacileyo.
| Iqonga | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iseli yesiqu (Iseli yesiqu seHematopoietic - HSC) | Le yimvelaphi yazo zonke iiseli zegazi, njengembewu apho isityalo sikhula khona. |
| I-Proerythroblast | Inyathelo lokuqala eliqinisekileyo kuhambo lokuba yiseli ebomvu yegazi. |
| I-Erythroblast | Iseli iyancipha kancinci kancinci ize iqale ukuvelisa i-hemoglobin, iproteni ethwala ioksijini. |
| I-Normoblast | Ngeli nqanaba, i-nucleus yeseli iyasuswa, nto leyo evumela iseli ukuba ifunxe i-hemoglobin engaphezulu. |
| I-Reticulocyte | Ezi ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga. Kulapho zikhutshwa khona kumongo wethambo zingene egazini. |
| I-Erythrocyte | Iseli ebomvu yegazi ekhule ngokupheleleyo, elungele ukuthutha ioksijini. |
Ixesha lokuphila kweseli ebomvu yegazi eveliswa ngale ndlela limalunga neentsuku ezili-120 . Njengebhetri, ezi seli ziyafa emva kweentsuku ezili-120 zokusetyenziswa. Yiyo loo nto imizimba yethu kufuneka ihlale isenza iiseli ezintsha ezibomvu zegazi.
Umzimba wazi njani ukuba ungenza igazi?
Le yinkqubo yokulawula emangalisayo kakhulu. Umzimba wethu ulawula ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba leoksijini emzimbeni.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba uya kwindawo ephakamileyo yeentaba efana neNuwara Eliya. Njengoko unyuka, uziva kunzima ukuphefumla, akunjalo? Oku kungenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lweoksijini emoyeni luphantsi. Emva koko ubungakanani beoksijini efikelela kwizicwili zethu zomzimba alwanele. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-hypoxia .
Kulapho ke izintso zethu zisebenza khona.
Izintso zezona zihlala zijonga amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lethu. Xa zisiva ukuba amanqanaba eoksijini aphantsi, izintso zikhupha ihomoni ekhethekileyo (i-chemical messenger) ebizwa ngokuba yi-Erythropoietin (EPO) egazini.
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo:
1. Izicubu zakho azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
2. Ukuphendula loo 'mqondiso', izintso zikhupha i-hormone `(EPO)` engaphezulu.
3. Le hormone (EPO) ihamba ngegazi ize "ithethe" nomongo wethambo, iwuxelela ukuba "ngokungxamisekileyo, wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaphezulu!"
4. Ikhawulezisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kumongo wethambo.
5. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisandula ukwenziwa zibuyisela umgangatho weoksijini egazini kwisimo esiqhelekileyo.
6. Xa amanqanaba eoksijini ebuyela esiqhelweni, izintso zinciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-EPO.
Imizimba yethu ikwazi kakuhle ukugcina yonke into ikwimeko efanelekileyo (homeostasis) ngale ndlela. Igcina inqanaba elifanelekileyo, ayivumeli ukuba inyuke kakhulu okanye iphantsi kakhulu.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle?
Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi inokungahambi kakuhle. Emva koko kunokubakho iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili. Nokuba zimbalwa kakhulu iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziveliswayo, okanye zininzi kakhulu eziveliswayo.
| Imeko | Intsingiselo nje | Imo/iimpawu ezichaphazelekayo |
|---|---|---|
| I-anemia | Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia). | Umzimba ulahlekelwa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuthwala ioksijini. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa rhoqo, ubuthathaka, ukuphaphatheka, ukuphefumla nzima, kunye nokuziva ubanda ngendlela engaqhelekanga . |
| I-Erythrocytosis | Ukwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (ukwanda kobukhulu begazi). | Njengoko igazi likhula, ukuhamba kwegazi kunokuphazamiseka. Iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, kunye nesiyezi zinokubakho. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi okuyingozi . |
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso ngaphandle kokwenza izigqibo ngokwakho.
Izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi
Le nkqubo inokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zesifo kunye nezinye izinto.
Izifo ezinxulumene nemiphunga
Xa unezifo zokuphefumla ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD, ubungakanani beoksijini efunyanwa ngumzimba wakho buyancitshiswa. Umzimba uzama ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi ukuze zibuyisele umva.
Umhlaza wegazi kunye nomongo wamathambo
Kwiimeko zomhlaza ezifana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komongo wethambo kuyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yoko, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunokuncipha okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokuveliswa.
Ezinye izizathu
- Ukunqongophala kwezondlo: Ukuze wenze igazi elilungileyo, udinga izithako ezilungileyo. I-iron, i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folate zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba awufumani ezi zinto zaneleyo ngokutya kwakho, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-anemia.
- Isifo sezintso:Ekubeni i-hormone `(EPO)` iveliswa zizintso, ukuba izintso zonakele, ukuveliswa kwe-`(EPO)` kunokuncipha kwaye ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi nako kunokuphazamiseka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye i-erythropoiesis, yinto emangalisayo eyenzeka rhoqo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo emizimbeni yethu.
- Le nkqubo ilawulwa ikakhulu yi-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-EPO, ekhutshwa zizintso.
- Ukuba uhlala ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa, ukuba mdaka, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci, oko kungaba luphawu lwe-anemia . Kwimeko enjalo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso.
- Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwi-iron (inyama, intlanzi, iimbotyi, ispinatshi), i-vitamin B12 (ubisi, amaqanda), kunye ne-folate (imifuno eluhlaza, iimbotyi) kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amanqanaba eeseli ezibomvu zegazi esempilweni.
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