Mhlawumbi ukhe waziva uxinezelekile okanye ungakhululekanga emqaleni wakho xa uvuka emva kotyando. Okanye usenokuba ubone umntu osondeleyo kuwe kwigumbi lokhathalelo oluphezulu (ICU) enetyhubhu emlonyeni wakhe. Namhlanje sithetha ngokukhupha ityhubhu emnceda ukuba aphefumle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-extubation ngokwezonyango. Nangona oku kusenokuvakala ngathi ligama eloyikisayo, eneneni luphawu oluhle kakhulu kuhambo lwakho lokuchacha.
Okokuqala, masibone, yintoni i-Intubation kunye ne-Extubation?
Oku kulula kakhulu.
- Ukufunxa: Khawuthelekelele ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa ngenxa yokugula, ingozi, okanye utyando olukhulu. Ngelo xesha, oogqirha baza kufaka ityhubhu eguquguqukayo ngomlomo wakho kwi-windpipe yakho. Le tube ibizwa ngokuba yi-Endotracheal Tube (ETT) . Le tube iqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator kwaye inika ioksijini emiphungeni yakho. Ukufunxa yinkqubo yokufaka le tube.
- Ukukhupha ityhubhu: Xa impilo yakho iphucukile kwaye oogqirha beqinisekile ukuba ungaphefumla kakuhle kwakhona wedwa, ngaphandle koncedo, baya kuyisusa ngononophelo ityhubhu ebifakwe ngaphambili (ETT). Le yinkqubo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-extubation .
Kutheni umntu kufuneka afakwe ityhubhu ngolu hlobo?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba umntu angakwazi ukuphefumla eyedwa. Ezi zezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokuba kufuneka i-intubation ngaphambi kokuba i-extubation iqale.
| Isizathu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Utyando | I-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, enikwa ngexesha lotyando olukhulu, iyayimisa okwethutyana inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla. Ke ngoko, le tube ifakwa ukuze isincede siphefumle ngexesha lotyando. |
| Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla | Usulelo olunzima olufana ne-pneumonia kunye nomonakalo emiphungeni lunokuthintela umzimba ekufumaneni ioksijini oyifunayo. |
| Ukuvalwa kwendlela yomoya | Oku kuyimfuneko ukugcina indlela yomoya ivulekile kwiimeko apho kukho into ebambeke emqaleni okanye indlela yomoya idumbile ngenxa ye-allergy enzima. |
| Ukonzakala | Ukulimala okukhulu entloko , entanyeni, nasesifubeni kungonakalisa inkqubo yokuphefumla. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo | Xa umntu elahlekelwa zingqondo, usenokungakwazi ukulawula indlela yakhe yomoya. Kukwakho nengozi yokuba izinto ezifana nokuhlanza kungene emiphungeni (aspiration). |
I-extubation yenziwa njani? Iyintoni le nkqubo?
Oku akupheleli nje ekukhupheni ityhubhu uze uyibuyisele. Iqela lezonyango lenza oku ngocwangciso olukhulu nenkathalo.
Oogqirha bagqiba njani ukuba lixesha lokususa ityhubhu?
Benza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo koku. Lubizwa ngokuba yiSpontaneous Breathing Test (SBT) . Kalula nje, oku kuvavanya ukuba ungakwazi na ukuphefumla wedwa ngaphandle koncedo oluncinci oluvela kwi-ventilator. Kufana nokuthatha 'uvavanyo lokuqhuba' kancinci xa ufunda ukuqhuba imoto. Ukuba uyaluphumelela olu vavanyo, kuthetha ukuba imiphunga yakho inamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba isebenze kwakhona.
Baza kujonga nokuba uyakwazi na ukukhohlela kwaye bacoce umqala wakho (gag reflex). Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukugcina izinto ezifana nokutya neziselo zingangeni emiphungeni yakho.
Amanyathelo okususa ityhubhu
Emva kokuba uphumelele i-SBT, ugqirha okanye abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo bomongikazi baya kulandela la manyathelo:
1. Ukulungiselela ibhedi: Uza kuziswa ume nkqo ebhedini.
2. Ukucoca: Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokufunxa sisetyenziselwa ukususa yonke i-mucus kunye nenkunkuma emlonyeni wakho, emqaleni, nangaphakathi kwityhubhu.
3. Ukususa iteyipu: Iplasta okanye iteyipu ebamba ityhubhu ebusweni iyasuswa.
4. Ukunika imiyalelo yokuphefumla: Ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba "phefumla nzulu uze ukhohlele." Njengoko ukhohlela, basusa umbhobho ngokukhawuleza nangokuthe ngcembe.
Le nkqubo yonke ithatha imizuzwana embalwa. Usenokungayiva nokungayiva.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokukhupha isisu? Yintoni onokuyilindela?
Into yokuqala oza kuyiva emva kokuba ityhubhu isusiwe kukukhululeka okukhulu! Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana ubuhlungu emqaleni wakho kunye nokurhawuzelela kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kuqhelekile ngokupheleleyo. Kufana nokurhawuzelelwa ngumphimbo ngenxa yokukhwaza ixesha elide.
Emva kokuba ityhubhu isusiwe, iqela lezonyango liza kuqhubeka nokukubeka esweni.
- Amanqanaba e-oksijini egazini lakho ajongwa rhoqo.
- Nika ingqalelo kwisantya sentliziyo yakho kunye nendlela yokuphefumla.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, njengoncedo oluncinci ekuqaleni, ioksijini encinci inokunikwa nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski yeoksijini.
Ngaba uziva uphaphile xa ususa ityhubhu?
Oku kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba ufakwe kwityhubhu.
- Xa utyando: Rhoqo, ityhubhu isuswa emva nje kotyando, ngaphambi kokuba uvuke ngokupheleleyo kwi-anesthesia. Xa uvuka, ityhubhu ayisekho.
- KwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu (ICU): Ukuba unyangwa ngenxa yesifo okanye ingozi, ityhubhu iya kususwa ngelixa usezingqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, iqela lezonyango liza kukuchazela yonke into kwaye likwenze uzive uzolile.
Ngaba kukho iingozi kunye neengxaki zokukhupha isisu?
Njengakwezinye iinkqubo zonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci kakhulu ezibandakanyekayo. Kodwa ezi azenzeki rhoqo. Oogqirha bayazi kakuhle le nto, ngoko ke bahlala bekulungele ukujongana neemeko ezinjalo.
Ingxaki ephambili kukungaphumeleli kokukhupha umoya . Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kokuba umbhobho ususiwe, awukwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle kwakhona kwaye kufuneka uphinde ufakwe umbhobho.
- Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwipesenti encinci yabantu, malunga ne -10%-14%, abakhutshwa iityhubhu zabo ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.
- Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kunye nabo banesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo.
Ezinye iingxaki ezincinci:
- Ukutshintsha kwelizwi kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu: Le yimeko eqhelekileyo abantu abaninzi abahlangabezana nayo kwaye iya kuphucuka ngokwabo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
- IStridor: Ngamanye amaxesha, isandi esincinci somlozi sinokuvakala xa uphefumla ngenxa yokudumba emqaleni. Oogqirha bayayazi indlela yokunyanga oku.
- Ukukhohlela kakhulu: Ukukhohlela okwenzeka xa ityhubhu isusiwe ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ukuqina kwemisipha yomqala (i-laryngospasm).
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba zonke ezi zinto zenzeke rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho ukulungele zonke ezi zinto. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngokungeyomfuneko ngale nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukukhupha umzimba emzimbeni linyathelo elihle kakhulu nelilungileyo kuhambo lwakho lokuchacha. Kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho unamandla ngokwaneleyo okusebenza ngokwawo kwakhona.
- Oku kwenziwa ngoogqirha kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, emva kokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwakho olupheleleyo .
- Kuqhelekile ukuba nomphimbo obuhlungu kancinci kunye nokutshintsha kwelizwi kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ityhubhu isusiwe. Musa ukukhathazeka ngaloo nto.
- Emva kokukhupha isisu, uya kukhululeka ukuthetha, ukutya, nokusela kwakhona.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye uloyiko ngale nkqubo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ngokukhululekileyo . Baza kukuchazela yonke into.
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