Ngaba unazo ezi ngxaki ngamehlo akho? (Izifo Zamehlo) Masiqaphele!

Ngaba wakha waziva into engaqhelekanga okanye ungonwabanga emehlweni akho? Mhlawumbi amehlo akho abuhlungu, okanye uzive ngathi awuboni kakuhle njengangaphambili, okanye mhlawumbi amehlo akho abomvu kwaye anamanzi. Enyanisweni, ezi zinto zinokubangelwa zizifo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezinto ezi zifo zamehlo, okanye ngokwezonyango, "Izifo Zamehlo", nendlela yokuzinyamekela. Akukho nto yokoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku.

Zithini izifo zamehlo?

Ngamafutshane, izifo zamehlo zizo naziphi na iimeko ezichaphazela amehlo akho okanye iindawo eziwangqongileyo. Ezinye zezi zifo ziqala ngequbuliso kwaye zikhawuleza ziphile (iimeko 'ezibukhali'). Umzekelo, usulelo lwamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izifo eziqala ngequbuliso, kodwa zinokuhlala ixesha elide (iimeko 'ezingapheliyo').

Uninzi lwezifo zamehlo zenzeka kwibhola yeliso. Kodwa, akupheleli apho. Ezi zifo zinokuchaphazela nezihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo akho, umngxuma weliso, iinkophe, okanye ulusu kunye nezihlunu ezijikeleze amehlo akho. Khawucinge nje, ngamanye amaxesha kwanesimila kwinkophe yakho sinokuthathwa njengesifo samehlo.

Zixhaphake kangakanani izifo zamehlo?

Enyanisweni, izifo zamehlo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokubona zixhaphake kakhulu . Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation, abantu abangaphezu kwe-2.2 yeebhiliyoni kwihlabathi liphela banengxaki yokuphazamiseka kokubona okanye ubumfama.

Esinye sezizathu zokuba izifo zamehlo zixhaphake kangaka kukuba amehlo ethu awahlukanisiwe neminye imizimba yethu. Enyanisweni, izifo zamehlo zinokunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezichaphazela ezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni wethu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iingxaki kwezinye iindawo emzimbeni wakho zinokuchaphazela namehlo akho. Umzekelo, umntu onesifo seswekile (`iDiabetes Mellitus`) unokuba neengxaki zamehlo. Yiyo loo nto kukho amakhulu ezifo ezichaphazela amehlo.

Zeziphi izifo zamehlo eziqhelekileyo?

Kukho izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zamehlo ezibonwa kwihlabathi liphela:

• IiCataracts: Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto. IiCataracts zenzeka xa ilensi engaphakathi kweliso iba namafu. Oku kubangela ukuba umbono unciphe kancinci kancinci.
• Iimpazamo zokujolisa: Oku kwenzeka xa iliso lingakwazi ukugxila ekukhanyeni ngokufanelekileyo.
• `Astigmatism`: Kule meko, imilo yelensi okanye i-cornea yeliso yahlukile kancinci, nto leyo enokubangela ukubona okufipheleyo.
• I-Myopia: Ukubona izinto ezikufutshane: Izinto ezikufutshane zibonakala zicacile, kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakala zingacacanga.
• Ukubona kufutshane (iHyperopia): Kule meko, nangona izinto ezikude zinokubonwa, izinto ezikufutshane, njengeencwadi okanye amaphephandaba, azicaci kangako.
• I-Presbyopia (ukubona izinto ezikufutshane) yenzeka kubantu abaninzi emva kweminyaka engama-40. Kuba nzima ukubona izinto ezikufutshane.
• I-Glaucoma: Isifo seGlaucoma:Le yimeko apho uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso lunyuka, nto leyo eyonakalisa umthambo wokubona. Esi sisifo esinokubangela ukuba ekugqibeleni ungaboni kakuhle, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukusiqaphela kwangethuba.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD): Le yimeko apho inxalenye ephakathi ye-retina yeliso yonakele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbono ubonakale ungacacanga kwaye uphazamiseke xa ujongwa ngqo.
• I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Kubantu abanesifo seswekile, ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini awalawulwa, imithambo yegazi emehlweni inokonakala, nto leyo echaphazela umbono.

Ukongeza, ukwenzakala kwamehlo yeyona nto ibangela ukulahleka kokubona. Yiyo loo nto iingcali zifunda ezi zifo njengezifo, ukuze zifumane iindlela ezingcono zokuthintela nokunyanga.

Umhlaza wamehlo kunye neethumba azixhaphakanga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvela. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kunokunceda ekufumaneni kwangethuba. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwale thumba alunamhlaza (alunabungozi). Oko kuthetha ukuba alunabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kwanezo thumba ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka zisuswe ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakalisa izicwili ezingqongileyo.

Izifo zamehlo zihlelwa njani?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula izifo zamehlo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili:

1. Ngokwenxalenye yeliso echaphazelekileyo: Oko kukuthi, nokuba isifo sichaphazela ilensi, i-retina, okanye i-optic nerve.

2. Ngenxa yesizathu esingundoqo: Ezinye izifo ziqala esweni ngokwalo (`Izifo zamehlo eziphambili`). Kukho ezinye izifo ezichaphazela iliso kamva ngenxa yesifo kwenye indawo emzimbeni (`Izifo zamehlo zesibini`). Umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (`uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu`) lunokuchaphazela amehlo.

3. Ngeempawu kunye neziphumo: Oko kukuthi, loluphi uhlobo lweempawu olubangelwa sesi sifo kwaye zeziphi iinkqubo eziphazamisekileyo emehlweni.

4. Ngokwexesha: Ezinye izinto ezifana nosulelo lwamehlo ziyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbalwa (`ezibukhali`). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma zinokuhlala iinyanga, iminyaka, okanye ubomi bonke (`ezingapheliyo`).

Xa kuthethwa ngezifo zamehlo, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwamagama athi "ukubona" ​​kunye "nokubona" .

• Ukubona: Oku kuqala xa ukukhanya kungena elisweni nge-cornea kuze kuphele xa kuwela kwi-retina. Ngamafutshane, kukukwazi kweliso ukwenza umfanekiso.
• Umbono: Oku kubanzi kakhulu kunoko. Kubandakanya onke amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekuboneni. Kukwabandakanya nendlela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo esebenza ngayo le miqondiso yokubona ize iyiguqule ibe yinto esiyibonayo.

Nangona abantu abaninzi, kwaneengcali, besebenzisa la magama mabini ngokutshintshana, awasoloko efana. Izifo ezinxulumene "nokuBona" zichaphazela amehlo kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, izifo ezinxulumene "nokuBona" zinokubandakanya ingqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo yamehlo. Yiyo loo nto ezinye izifo zinokubangela ukulahleka kokubona nokuba amehlo aphilile.

Zithini iimpawu zezifo zamehlo?

Izifo zamehlo zinokuba neempawu ezininzi. Ezi zinokuza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Izinto ozivakalelwayo:
• Intlungu yamehlo
• Ukutsha, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokuva ukurhawuzelela emehlweni
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo
• Utshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo iliso:
• Ukukrazula amehlo rhoqo (i-epiphora)
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukuqhwanyaza
• Utshintsho kwinkangeleko yamehlo:
• Ukutyheli kwamehlo amhlophe (i-scleral icterus) - Oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo esifana ne-jaundice.
• Ubomvu bamehlo
• Izangqa ezimnyama emehlweni, oko kuthetha ukuba abafundi bancinci kakhulu (i-miosis)
• Utshintsho kwintshukumo okanye kwindawo yeliso:
• Amehlo awajongi kwicala elinye, elinye iliso lijika libheke phambili okanye libheke ngaphakathi (`exotropia` okanye `esotropia`) - oku sikubiza ngokuba kukuphambuka.
• Utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo:
• Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (diplopia)
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Njengokujonga ngetyhubhu, ukubona kuphela embindini ngaphandle kokubona okungqongileyo (`umbono wetyhubhu`)
• Ukwanda kovakalelo lokukhanya
• Ukubona okunciphileyo ebusuku

Kubalulekile: Ukuba uqhubeka ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo. Musa ukuyityeshela loo nto.

Zithini izizathu zezifo zamehlo?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezifo zamehlo. Ezinye zizizathu ezithe ngqo, ngelixa ezinye zizinto ezonyusa umngcipheko.

• I-Genetics: I-'DNA' yethu imisela indlela amehlo ethu akhula kwaye asebenza ngayo. Ngoko ke, izifo ezininzi zamehlo zinokuvela ngenxa yotshintsho ('ukuguqulwa') kwi-'DNA'. Umzekelo, abanye abantu bazalwa 'benobumfama bombala'.
• Utshintsho njengoko amehlo ekhula kwaye ekhula: Olu tshintsho lunokuqala usesesibelekweni sikamama wakho njengomntwana ongekazalwa, okanye lunokwenzeka nasebuntwaneni bakho.
• Izinto ezisingqongileyo: Izifo zamehlo nazo zinokubangelwa zizinto ezisingqongileyo. Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela oku, njengokuchatshazelwa kukukhanya okugqithisileyo kwe-ultraviolet, uthuli emoyeni, ukufuma, kunye nobushushu.
• Izifo ezosulelayo: Izifo zamehlo zinokubangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane - iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi, kunye neeparasite. Ezi zinokosulela iliso ngqo okanye zisasazeke liliso zivela kwenye indawo emzimbeni.
• Ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo: Izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela umzimba wonke zinokubangela iingxaki emehlweni. Imizekelo ibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu), isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, kunye nezinye izifo ze-thyroid.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kwangaphambili:Ngamanye amaxesha, umonakalo wamehlo unokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zamehlo kamva ebomini.
• Izizathu ezingaqondakaliyo: Igama elithi "Idiopathic" lithetha ukuba unobangela alaziwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba neengcali zisenokungakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo (nangona oku kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha).

Ungazichonga njani izifo zamehlo?

Ingcali yamehlo (okanye ugqirha wamehlo) okanye omnye umnikezeli weenkonzo zonyango unokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukufumanisa izifo zamehlo. Esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo nesisisiseko sokufumanisa ezi zifo kukuvavanya amehlo . Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba olu luvavanyo nje lokujonga ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani (ukubona kakuhle), kodwa akunjalo.

Kungumbono olungileyo ukuba uhlolwe amehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, njengokuba senza uvavanyo lwempilo jikelele. Ukuba uneempawu zengxaki yeliso, ugqirha wakho angenza novavanyo olukhethekileyo. Ezinye zezinto ezenziwayo ngexesha lovavanyo lweliso, ezinje ngokwandiswa kwempumlo kunye novavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo (iglasi ekhethekileyo yokukhulisa amehlo ekuvumela ukuba ubone umphambili weliso lakho), zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni imeko.

Ingcali yakho yamehlo ingacebisa ezinye iimvavanyo zamehlo ezikhethekileyo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• I-Fluorescein angiography: Oku kuquka ukufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni kunye nokuthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso.
• I-Tonometry: Oku kulinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kubalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma.
• Imifanekiso ye-retina: Imifanekiso ithathwa kwi-retina ngasemva kweliso.
• I-Corneal topography: Umphezulu we-cornea, inxalenye ecacileyo yomphambili weliso, uthathwa njengemephu.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan yeliso. Ingathatha imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yeengqimba zeliso.

Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezingajoliswanga ngqo emehlweni, kodwa ezinokuba luncedo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga iingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, usulelo, okanye uvavanyo lwe-DNA kunye nolwemfuza.
• Uvavanyo lwe-'Imifanekiso': Izinto ezifana ne-'Ultrasound', 'i-'CT scans' (i-Computed Tomography), kunye ne-'MRI' (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Uvavanyo oluhlalutya umsebenzi wobuchopho, olufana ne-'Electroencephalogram (EEG).`

Ukuba ugqirha wakho wamehlo okanye omnye ugqirha ucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezifana nezi, baya kukuxelela okungakumbi malunga nokuba zeziphi kunye nendlela ezinokunceda ngayo.

Zinyangwa njani izifo zamehlo?

Unyango lwezifo zamehlo lwahlukile njengeentlobo zezifo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinceda kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo. Ezinye zichane kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba zenzelwe imeko ethile kuphela.

Iimpazamo zokuhombisa amehlo zizinto eziqhelekileyo emehlweni. Zihlala zilula ukuzinyanga. Ubukhali bokubona bunokuphuculwa ngeeglasi zamehlo okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano .

Ezinye iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Utyando lokulungisa umbono: Ingakumbi utyando olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser, umzekelo utyando lwe-LASIK.
• Utyando lwamehlo: olufana notyando lwe-cataract kunye notyando lwe-glaucoma.
• Amayeza: La mayeza anokuba ngamathontsi emehlweni, iipilisi, okanye inaliti.

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwaye umntu ngamnye uphendula ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ingcali yamehlo yakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela ngonyango olukufaneleyo. Uza kukuxelela nangemiphumo emibi kunye neengxaki zonyango.

Ngaba izifo zamehlo zingathintelwa?

Ezinye izifo zamehlo zinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo . Ezinye zinokuncitshiswa umngcipheko . Nangona kunjalo, izifo ezininzi zamehlo zikhula ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga, ngoko ke kusenokungenzeki ukuzithintela okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wazo.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ngokubanzi onokuzenza ukuze ugcine amehlo akho esempilweni:

• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Nokuba awuzinxibi iiglasi, kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo ubuncinane kube kanye ngonyaka okanye emibini. Ukuba unezinye iimeko ezikwandisa umngcipheko wakho wesifo samehlo (njengesifo seswekile), unokufuna ukuhlolwa amehlo akho rhoqo.
• Nxiba isikhuselo samehlo: Ukulimala kwamehlo, ubuso, nentloko kunokubangela iingxaki zamehlo ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nomonakalo. Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko ezifanela uhlobo lomsebenzi okanye umdlalo wakho. Iiglasi eziqhelekileyo aziboneleli ngolo khuseleko.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-nicotine: Ukutshaya, ukutshaya i-vaping, kunye nokusebenzisa icuba elingenamsi konke oku kuchaphazela inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi, ingakumbi imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emehlweni akho.
• Musa ukuyityeshela into yokuba usulelo lwamehlo luhlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, bonana nogqirha. Ukuba alunyangwa, olu sulelo lunokuba yingxaki enkulu kwaye lubangele umonakalo ongunaphakade okanye ezinye iingxaki.
• Musa ukuyityeshela imiqondiso yamehlo: Ukuba ubona utshintsho oluhamba kancinci kancinci ekuboneni kwakho, luphawu lokuba kufuneka ubone ingcali yamehlo ukuze ikuxilonge amehlo. Ukuba umbono wakho utshintsha ngequbuliso nangokungalindelekanga - ingakumbi ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumbono - yingxamiseko yezonyango.
• Yenza ukutya okunesondlo kube yeyona nto iphambili:Amehlo akho adinga iivithamini kunye neeminerali ezithile ukuze asebenze kakuhle. Faka izinto ezifana nemifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo kunye nentlanzi ekutyeni kwakho.
• Fikelela kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni kuwe: Impilo yakho iyonke inefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yamehlo akho. Ingcali yamehlo okanye ugqirha wosapho unokukukhokela kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokulawula impilo yakho iyonke ukuze kuzuze amehlo akho.

Zeziphi izifo zamehlo ezixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni?

Izifo ezininzi zamehlo ezichaphazela abantu abadala zinokuchaphazela nabantwana. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Amehlo angajongi kwicala elinye (strabismus): Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-squint. Elinye iliso lingajongwa ngaphakathi, ngaphandle, phezulu, okanye ezantsi.
• Iliso elivilaphayo (i-amblyopia): Oku kwenzeka xa umbono kwelinye iliso ungaphuhli kakuhle. Ingqondo ithanda kakhulu elinye iliso, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iliso elibuthathaka libe "livilaphayo."
• `I-Retinoblastoma`: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga oluvela kwi-retina yeliso ngexesha lobuntwana.
• I-Coloboma: Le yimeko apho inxalenye yeliso ingekho xa kuzalwa.
• Iingxaki zemibhobho yokukrazula: Umzekelo, umbhobho wokukrazula ovalekileyo okanye osulelekileyo (dacryocystitis).

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo malunga neemeko ezininzi zobuntwana, ezifana ne-strabismus (amehlo anqamlezileyo) kunye ne-amblyopia (iliso elivila), kukuba zihlala zilula kwaye zisebenza kakuhle ukunyanga xa zisencinci. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana omncinci onyamekelayo unenye yezi meko zamehlo, thetha nogqirha wezingane womntwana okanye omnye ugqirha. Ugqirha unokukunceda ubone ukuba imeko ikhona na, kwaye ukuba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye unyango, akucebise ngento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Nangona izifo zamehlo zixhaphakile, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva ulusizi kwaye ungakhululekanga xa ufumanisa ukuba unayo. Iintlobo kunye nobunzima bezi zifo zahlukile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lunokunyangeka, kwaye ezinye zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni ezi zifo kwangethuba, nto leyo eyenza unyango lube lula.

Ukuba uneengxaki okanye imibuzo malunga nokubona kwakho, ungathandabuzi ukuya kwingcali yamehlo. Banokukunika ulwalathiso, inkxaso, kunye nentuthuzelo oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi ukulawula nayiphi na imeko onokuba ujongene nayo. Ukukhusela amehlo akho kusezandleni zakho.

Izifo zamehlo , ukukhubazeka kokubona, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, i-diabetic retinopathy, uhlolo lwamehlo, ukhuseleko lwamehlo, izifo zamehlo zabantwana