Masifunde ngakumbi ngelensi yekristale engaphakathi kweliso.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amehlo ethu asebenza njani njengeekhamera ezincinci? Njengelensi ekwikhamera, kukho ilensi ebaluleke kakhulu nemangalisayo ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngelensi yeliso, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza, "iCrystalline Lens". Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni kanye kanye, yintoni eyenzayo, uhlobo lweengxaki enokuzibangela, kunye nento enokwenziwa ngazo.

Yintoni ilensi yeliso? Ingaba ifana nelensi yekhamera?

Ewe, ilensi yeliso lethu ifana kakhulu nelensi ekwikhamera. Khawuthelekelele uthatha ifoto yomboniso omhle. Ngelo xesha, ilensi yekhamera iqokelela ukukhanya ize ikuqondise kwifilimu, okanye kwimeko yekhamera yedijithali, kwisensa yayo. Le yindlela ilensi yeliso lethu esebenza ngayo.

Esi sisakhiwo esicacileyo nesigobileyo . Sifana nebhola encinci, ecacileyo. Singaphakathi kweliso lethu, sinzulu kancinci. Xa ukukhanya kudlula kule lensi, ilensi ifunxa oko kukhanya ize ikugobe, okanye, ikuyise kwindawo enye. Le yindlela ukukhanya okujoliswa ngayo kwisensor engasemva kweliso, eyi-retina yethu. Kulapho sibona khona imifanekiso.

Yintoni umsebenzi ophambili welensi yeliso?

Ngamafutshane, umsebenzi ophambili welensi yeliso kukufunxa ukukhanya okungena elisweni, ukugxilise, nokukuqondisa kwi-retina, isicwili esinovakalelo lokukhanya esingasemva kweliso.

Kodwa, akuphelelanga apho. Le lensi inamandla amangalisayo. Loo mandla okutshintsha imo yayo . Khawuthelekelele ukuba ufunda incwadi phambi kwakho, uze ngequbuliso ujonge intaba ekude. Ukuze ubone zombini ezi zinto ngokucacileyo, ilensi yeliso kufuneka itshintshe imo yayo. Le lensi iba ncinci kwaye ityebe xa ijonge kufutshane, kwaye xa ijonge kude, iba ncinci kwaye ityebe. Ngale ndlela, ukukhanya okungenayo kulungiselelwe ukuba kuwele ngqo kwi-`(Retina)`. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukugxila .

Le lens inika malunga ne-30% yamandla okugxila koko amehlo ethu akubonayo. Ama-70% aseleyo avela kwinxalenye ecacileyo yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-cornea.

Iphi kanye kanye ilensi engaphakathi kweliso?

Ukuba ujonge iliso lakho esipilini, ungabona isangqa esincinci esimnyama embindini weliso lakho, akunjalo? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Pupil". Kukho indawo enemibala ejikelezileyo, eyi-"Iris". Ilensi yeliso isemva kwe-"Pupil".

Ngamafutshane, umfundi ufana nomnyango weliso. I-iris ilawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena ngokwenza umfundi abe mkhulu okanye abe mncinci. Ukukhanya kudlula kumfundi kuze kudibane nesithethi sethu, ilensi yeliso. Ilensi ithatha olo kukhanya ize ilubhekise kwi-retina. Ilensi lulwahlu lwesibini ukuya kolokugqibela ngaphakathi kweliso.

Zithini izinto ezikwilensi yeliso? Oko kukuthi, zeziphi izinto eyenziwe ngazo?

Ilensi yeliso ijikelezwe yinwebu ecacileyo, ethambileyo, njengebhegi encinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-lens capsule. Le lensi ixhonywe, ngaphezulu nangaphantsi, yimicu emincinci efana nentambo ethambileyo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-zonules.

Ezi `(Zonules)` zidibene nenxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi`(Ciliary Body)`. Le yi-muscular membrane engasemva kwe`(Iris)`. Izihlunu ezikwi`(Ciliary Muscles)` zizo ezinceda ekutshintsheni imo yelensi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, xa ezi zihlunu zifinyela, ezo `(Zonules)` ziyakhululeka. Emva koko ilensi iyaphakama ize ibe yingqukuva. Le yindlela esigxila ngayo xa sijonga into ethile. Indlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kodwa entle kakhulu, akunjalo?

Yenziwe ngantoni ilensi yeliso?

Ilensi yeliso yenziwe kakhulu ngohlobo oluthile lweproteni . Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Crystallins". Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Crystalline Lens". Enyanisweni, ilensi yeliso yindawo ene-protein eninzi phakathi kwezicubu zomzimba wethu.

Ezi protein zikhethekileyo ze-`(Crystallins)` zezona zinika ilensi ukucaca kwayo kunye namandla ayo okugxila . Into emangalisayo kukuba, xa ezi seli ze-`(Crystallins)` zikhula, oko kukuthi, xa zikhula, azina-nucleus okanye ezinye ii-organelles zeseli. Ziyanyamalala ngexesha lokuvuthwa. Esi sesinye isizathu sokuba ilensi icace.

Nangona kunjalo, kuba zingena-nucleus, ezi seli azinakuphinda zahlukane ukuze zenze iiseli ezintsha. Oko kukuthi, azizivuseleli njengezinye iiseli emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli zicwangciswe njengezangqa zesiqu somthi, enye phezu kwenye. Kubo bonke ubomi bethu, iiseli ezintsha zenziwa emaphethelweni angaphandle ale sangqa. Emva koko iiseli ezindala ziyahlangana ziye embindini. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iiseli ezindala eziphakathi ziqala ukuba buthathaka kwaye ziqhekeke.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ilensi yeliso?

Njengoko sikhula, nangenxa yeemeko zokusingqongileyo, ingakumbi ukuvezwa lilanga, ilensi yeliso lethu, ingakumbi iiseli ezindala ze-"Crystallin" eziphakathi, ziqala ukonakala.

• IiCataracts: Xa ezi seli ziqala ukubola, ukukhanya kwazo kuncipha kwaye ilensi iba namafu kwaye ingabonakali . Yiyo loo nto sizibiza ngokuba ziiCataracts ezinxulumene nobudala.
• I-Presbyopia: Kwakhona, njengoko sikhula, ukuguquguquka kwelensi yeliso, oko kukuthi, amandla ayo okutshintsha imo, kuyancipha. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukubona izinto ezikufutshane ngokucacileyo. Kuvakala ngathi kufuneka ubambe incwadi kude ukuze uyifunde, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-presbyopia.

Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngelensi yeliso, zeziphi iimpawu eziya kuboniswa yiyo?

Iimpawu zeCataracts

Xa kuvela i-cataracts, apho ilensi yeliso lakho iba namafu, umbono wakho unokuba lufifi okanye ube nenkungu.Kungavakala ngathi ujonge ihlabathi ngefestile engcolileyo. Lidla ngokuqala kwindawo enye lize lisasazeke.

Kumntu ongaphandle, i-pupil emnyama embindini weliso lakho inokubonakala ingwevu ngaphezu komnyama, okanye imhlophe. (Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yeengxaki zemfuza, neentsana ezincinci zinokuzalwa zine-cataracts. Yindlela echongwa ngayo.)

Iimpawu zePresbyopia

Njengoko ilensi yakho ingasaguquguquki kwaye ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo okugxila, kuba nzima kuwe ukubona izinto kufutshane . I-"Presbyopia", ngokucacileyo, yi-"Dear Viewing/Hyperopia" eza nokukhula.

• Kusenokufuneka ubambe iphephandaba okanye incwadi mgama ukuze uyifunde.
• Kungenjalo, xa usebenza kufutshane okanye ufunda, amehlo akho anokuziva ediniwe kwaye ebuhlungu ngakumbi kunangaphambili.

Oogqirha baziphatha njani iingxaki zelensi yeliso?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zeempazamo eziqhelekileyo zokurhoxisa ukukhanya ezifana ne-presbyopia.

• Iiglasi zamehlo: Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo nelula.
• Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano: Olu lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwabo bangazithandiyo iiglasi.
• Amaconsi amehlo: Kukho iintlobo ezithile zamaconsi amehlo anokunceda okwethutyana kwi-presbyopia.
• Utyando lokulungisa umbono: Le meko ingalungiswa ngeendlela ezifana ne-laser.

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokukuchazela ezi ndlela aze akuncede ukhethe eyona ikulungeleyo. Njengoko umbono wakho utshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye njengoko ukhula, ungazuza kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

Unyango lweCataracts

Unyango olusebenzayo kuphela lwe-cataracts lutyando . Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo nephumelelayo. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ususa ilensi enamafu yeliso lakho aze ayifake ilensi yokwenziwa (Intraocular Lens, okanye i-IOL) . Le IOL ikuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo kwakhona.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuba kubekho i-cataracts, ilensi yendalo iyasuswa kwaye kufakwa i-IOL ukulungisa i-myopia, i-hyperopia, okanye i-presbyopia. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-refractive lens exchange.

Ndingazinyamekela njani iilensi zam zokunxibelelana?

Nangona singenakukuthintela ubuthathaka belensi yeliso njengoko sikhula, singayicothisa inkqubo size sinciphise umonakalo ngokunyamekela amehlo ethu.

• Zikhusele elangeni: Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezine-UV ekhuselekileyo xa uphuma ngaphandle.
• Ziphephe izinto ezingcolisa indalo: Ziphephe ukutshaya kunye nokutshaya umsi ophuma kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi kuba ezi zinto ziyingozi kakhulu emehlweni.
• Lawula isifo seswekile: Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-cataracts. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula isifo sakho seswekile kakuhle.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ilensi yeliso lethu sisakhiwo esikhethekileyo esibalulekileyo ekuboneni ngokucacileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iiseli ezikule lensi zinokuba buthathaka kwaye zilahlekelwe kukwazi kwazo ukugxila. Njengoko ukhula, umbono wakho unokubonakala ungacacanga okanye ube nobunzima bokubona kufutshane.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwempilo yamehlo kukunceda uhlale uqaphela imeko yelensi yakho yamehlo. Emva koko, ukuba kukho ingxaki, ungayichonga ngokukhawuleza, ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye ukhusele umbono wakho oxabisekileyo. Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukunyamekela amehlo akho!

Ilensi yekristale , iiCataracts, iPresbyopia, umbono, impilo yamehlo