Ingaba uhlala udiniwe? Masifunde yonke into malunga ne-folate deficiency anemia!

Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe imini yonke, ungakwazi ukwenza nto? Okanye ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi umzimba wakho uyabanda kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla? Ezi ayizozinto nje ezingaqhelekanga, mhlawumbi umzimba wakho awunazo izakhamzimba ezifunekayo, nto leyo enokubangela ukunqongophala kwegazi, oko kukuthi, i-anemia. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate, isizathu sokuba ivele, kunye nendlela yokuyiphepha.

Yintoni i-Folate Deficiency Anemia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate yingxaki yegazi ebangelwa kukungabikho kwe-folate, okanye i-vitamin B9, emzimbeni wakho. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho liphantsi kunesiqhelo kwaye iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezikhoyo zinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga. Cinga ngako, ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zithwala ioksijini kuyo yonke imizimba yethu. Ngoko ke xa ezi seli zincipha, ziba nkulu, okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle, ubungakanani beoksijini efunyanwa ngumzimba buyancipha. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunqongophala kweoksijini kuko okukwenza uzive udiniwe, ubuthathaka, kwaye ubanda.

Kutheni i-anemia isenzeka xa i-folate ingekho ngokwaneleyo? Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni?

Uyazi ukuba iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi zenziwa njani? Ziqala ngokubunjwa kwiiseli ezisisiseko kwithambo elingaphakathi emathanjeni ethu. Ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ziyakhula kancinci kancinci zize zihlangane negazi lethu, zithwala ioksijini kuwo onke amalungu omzimba kunye nezicubu zomzimba.

Apha, isondlo esibizwa ngokuba yi-folate sibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni ngokufanelekileyo. Kufana nokwakha indlu ngesamente. Ngoko ke, ukuba umzimba wakho awufumani i-folate eyaneleyo, umongo wakho wethambo awuyi kuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, uvelisa uhlobo olukhulu ngokungaqhelekanga lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"megaloblasts."

Ngenxa yokuba ezi seli "ze-megaloblastic" zikhulu kakhulu, ezinye zazo aziphumi nasemongweni wethambo zize zijoyine igazi. Iiseli ezidibanayo aziphili ixesha elide njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo. Zifa ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni lincipha, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia, nto leyo ethetha ukunqongophala kwegazi. Uyaqonda?

Ngaba zikho ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia?

Ewe, i-anemia yimeko eqhelekileyo abantu abaninzi abanokuyifumana. Ibangelwa kukungabikho kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. Zininzi izizathu ze-anemia:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga (oku kukwabangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-folate esithetha ngayo).
• Ukuncipha kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokugqithisileyo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi yisibindi kunye ne-spleen.
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-hemoglobin, iproteni ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini.
• I-hemoglobin ayisebenzi kakuhle, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakuyibamba kakuhle ioksijini.
• Ukuqhuma kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini.

Iqela le-anemia ebangelwa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga libizwa ngokuba yi-``macrocytic anemia``. Olunye uhlobo lwale ``megaloblastic anemia``. Ezi zilandelayo ziwela phantsi kwale ``megaloblastic anemia``:

• I-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate
• I-anemia yokungabikho kweVithamini B12
• I-anemia eyingozi

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia abantu abaninzi abaye beva ngazo zezi:

• I-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi
• I-anemia yeseli yesickle

Kuqheleke kangakanani ukunqongophala kwe-folate?

Ukunqongophala kwe-folate akuqhelekanga kangako kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-folate yongezwa kukutya okuninzi kula mazwe. Umzekelo, eMelika, bekunyanzelekile ukongeza i-folate ekutyeni ukususela ngo-1998. Isizathu soku kukuba i-folate ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni umntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Oogqirha bafumanise ukuba ukungabikho kwe-folate kunokubangela ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa, ingakumbi iziphene ze-neural tube ezifana ne-spina bifida. Yiyo loo nto kumazwe amaninzi, i-folate yongezwa kukutya okuninzi esikutyayo, ingakumbi iinkozo kunye nerayisi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate deficiency?

Kukho abantu abanamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko. Jonga ukuba uwela kolu luhlu na:

• Abafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala: Iimfuno ze-folate ziphezulu kakhulu kubafazi abaceba ukukhulelwa, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, naxa bencancisa.
• Abantu abasela utywala obuninzi: Utywala buphazamisa amandla omzimba okufunxa izondlo.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
• Abantu abaneengxaki zoqoqosho: Kuba kunzima ukuthenga ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo.

Yintoni ebangela i-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate?

Isizathu esiphambili kukuba asifumani folate yaneleyo ekutyeni esikutyayo. Ngaphandle koko, kukho ezinye izizathu ezithintela umzimba ekufunxeni okanye ekusebenziseni ifolate ngokufanelekileyo:

• Ukuxhomekeka etywaleni (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala`).
• Ufumana unyango lwe-dialysis ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Izifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, umzekelo, isifo sikaCrohn kunye nesifo se-celiac.
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile (umz., xa une-epilepsy, iingxaki ze-rheumatic, ezinye ii-antibiotics, kunye ne-immunosuppressants).
• Iimeko ezizuzwe njenge-"Hereditary folate malabsorption" (apho amandla omzimba okufunxa i-folate encitshiswa kwasekuzalweni).

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Uzibona njani?

Ngamanye amaxesha i-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate inokubakho ngaphandle kweempawu. Ugqirha wakho unokuyifumana kuphela xa uvavanya enye into egazini.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuvela iimpawu, zingabandakanya:

• Ukudinwa ngalo lonke ixesha (`ukudinwa`): Kungathi ukudinwa akupheli nasemva kokulala.
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka kwaye udiniwe xa usenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuziva ungenazintloni.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo (`ubumhlophe`): Iindawo ezinje ngobuso, imilebe, kunye neentende zibonakala ziphaphathekile.
• Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza, uva isandi esibuhlungu esifubeni sakho, okanye ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho iyatsiba isingqi (ukubetha kwentliziyo).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ukuphelelwa ngamandla nokuba kukho imisebenzi emincinci.

Ifunyanwa njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Ukuba unale mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu zakho. Ekubeni iimpawu ze-folate deficiency anemia zifana nezinye iimeko ezininzi, kunokufuneka ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze ufumane ukuba oku kunjalo na.

Ezona ziphambili kwezi vavanyo zegazi zezi:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga izinto ezininzi, njengenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho, kunye nobungakanani be-hemoglobin.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho uze uyijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngqo ukuba zimi njani iiseli zegazi, nokuba zinkulu okanye zincinci, kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte: Ii-reticulocytes ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziselula, ezingavuthwanga. Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba umongo wakho wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo na.

Kunye nezi mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga namanqanaba e-folate egazini lakho. Oku kudla ngokulinganiswa ngeeyunithi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`nanograms per milliliter` (`ng/mL`).

• Ukunqongophala: Ngaphantsi kwee-nanograms ezi-2 kwi-milliliter nganye (`< 2 ng/mL`).
• Umda: Phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 nanograms nge-milliliter (`2 ng / mL - 4 ng / mL`).
• Kwanele: Ngaphezulu kwe-4 nanograms kwi-milliliter (`> 4 ng/mL`).

Ekubeni ukunqongophala kwevithamini B12 kunye nokunqongophala kwe-folate kunokubakho rhoqo, ugqirha uya kujonga nenqanaba levithamini B12 yakho.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, kukho unyango loku, kwaye luphumelele kakhulu.

Unyango oluphambili kukunika izongezo zevithamini B9.Ezi zihlala zinikwa njengeepilisi zokuthathwa ngomlomo. Kwabanye abantu abanengxaki yokuginya iipilisi, zinokunikwa njengenaliti, okanye nge-intravenously (IV) kunye ne-saline. Ezi zongezo zisenokufuneka zithathwe rhoqo kangangeenyanga eziliqela.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo. Ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-folate kubangelwa yimeko yempilo engaphantsi, kubalulekile ukunyanga loo meko.

Ngaba i-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate deficiency ingathintelwa?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka. Kulula ukuyiphepha le meko ukuba uyazinyamekela ezi zinto:

• Fumana idosi yakho yemihla ngemihla ye-folate, nokuba kukutya okutyayo okanye ngokuthatha isongezelelo esine-vitamin B9 (i-folic acid).
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo, okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo. Ukusela utywala kakhulu kuthintela umzimba ekufumaneni izondlo ezibalulekileyo, kuquka i-folate.
• Ukuba unemeko yempilo ethintela umzimba wakho ekufunxeni okanye ekusebenziseni i-folate, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Ingakanani i-folate (i-vitamin B9) esiyidingayo ngosuku?

I-vitamin B9 esiyifumana ngokwendalo ekutyeni ibizwa ngokuba yi-folate. I-vitamin B9 eyongezwa ekutyeni okanye efumaneka kwiipilisi ze-vitamin ibizwa ngokuba yi-folic acid. Ubungakanani be-folate esiyidingayo ngosuku buxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo:

• Ubudala: Njengoko ukhula, imfuno yakho ye-folate iyanda.
• Umthombo wokutya: Imizimba yethu ifunxa i-folic acid ngcono kune-folate ekutyeni.

Izibonelelo zemihla ngemihla ezicetyiswayo (ii-RDA) zichazwa ngee-micrograms (mcg), zilinganiswa ngee-Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE). Oku kunokubonakala kudida kancinci, kodwa kulula.

• I-`1 mcg` ye-folate evela ekutyeni ilingana ne-`1 mcg DFE`.
• Nokuba ufumana i-folic acid yongezwa ekutyeni okanye kwiipilisi zeevithamini ezithathwa kunye nokutya, i-1 mcg ye-folic acid ilingana ne-1.67 mcg DFE (oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba ufunxa okungakumbi).
• I-1 mcg ye-folic acid evela kwiipilisi zeevithamini ezithathwa ungenanto ilingana ne-2 mcg ye-DFE (efunxwa ngcono ngumzimba).

Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha i-multivitamin ene-`200 mcg` ye-folic acid esiswini esingenanto, ingabalwa njenge-`400 mcg DFE` (200 mcg x 2 = 400 mcg).

Umntu omdala oqhelekileyo udinga i-400 mcg ye-DFE ngosuku. Abafazi abakhulelweyo bafuna i-600 mcg ye-DFE, kwaye oomama abancancisayo bafuna i-500 mcg ye-DFE. Kungcono ucele ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike isixa esifanelekileyo.

Ziziphi ukutya ezine-folate eninzi?

Ngethamsanqa, kukho ukutya okuninzi okuyimithombo emihle ye-folate. Zama ukongeza oku ekutyeni kwakho:

• Inyama: Isibindi senyama yenkomo (zininzi ezi zinto, kodwa kufuneka ucinge nge-cholesterol)
• Imifuno eluhlaza kunye nemifuno: Imifuno eluhlaza efana nesipinatshi, ikale, imifuno eluhlaza, i-asparagus, iBrussels sprouts, i-avokhado, ibroccoli.
• Ukutya okuqinisiweyo: Ezinye iinkozo (inkozo zesidlo sakusasa), irayisi, isonka, ipasta, umgubo wesonka, umgubo wombona. (Jonga ilebheli ukuze ubone ukuba i-folic acid yongeziwe na.)
• Iimbotyi: Iimbotyi zeKidney, iimbotyi zeKidney.
• Amantongomane: Amantongomane, amantongomane.
• Isiqhamo: Iziqhamo zeCitrus ezifana neeorenji kunye neetangerines kunye nejusi yazo.

Khumbula: I-folate inokutshatyalaliswa xa oku kutya kuphekwe ixesha elide, njengaxa kuphekwe emanzini. Ngoko ke zipheke kancinci kangangoko, okanye uzifake ekutyeni kwakho ukuba zingatyiwa ziluhlaza (zihlanjwe kakuhle).

Ingaba le meko iya kunyangwa ukuba inyangiwe?

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ewe! Unyango lwe-anemia yokungabikho kwe-folate ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo enkulu. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuqala izongezo ze-vitamin B9, uninzi lwabantu luqala ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni kwakhona, kwaye iimpawu zabo ziyaphucuka kancinci kancinci.

Ufanele uthethe nini nogqirha malunga ne-folate deficiency anemia?

Qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ufuna i-folate engakanani ngosuku, okanye ukuba uyayifumana ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia (ezifana nokudinwa, ubuthathaka, ukuphefumla kancinci).
• Ukuba unenye ingxaki yempilo enokubangela ukungabikho kwe-folate.
• Ukuba ukhe wanyangwa i-folate deficiency anemia ngaphambili kwaye uziva ngathi iimpawu zakho ziyabuya.
• Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, okanye sele ukhulelwe, oku kubaluleke kakhulu!

Kunokuba yinto ephazamisayo kancinci ukwazi ukuba unengxaki ngeeseli zakho zegazi. Kodwa khumbula, iimpawu yindlela umzimba wakho okuxelela ngayo ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufuna ukutya okunesondlo, okanye isenokuba yingxaki yempilo efihlakeleyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukuze afumane unobangela. Baza kukunika nee-vitamin B9 supplements kunye nolunye unyango ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, iimpawu zakho ziya kuba ngcono.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Folate (i-vitamin B9) sisondlo esibalulekileyo ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni.
• Ukungabikho kwe-folate kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinkulu nezingaqhelekanga (`megaloblasts`), nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-anemia.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa rhoqo, ubuthathaka, ulusu olukhanyayo, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, bona ugqirha.
• Faka ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-folate (iindimu, imifuno eluhlaza, amandongomane, ukutya okune-folate eyongezelelweyo) ekutyeni kwakho.
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo, abancancisayo, kunye nabasetyhini abazama ukukhulelwa kufuneka balumke kakhulu malunga ne-folate. Thatha iipilisi ze-folic acid njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Idla ngokuba le meko inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango.

Ngoko ke, khathalela umzimba wakho. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha. Ukuhlala usempilweni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

I- Folate, i-anemia, i-vitamin B9, ukungabikho kwegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukungabikho kokutya okunempilo, impilo yokukhulelwa