Ingaba igazi lakho liphantsi? Masithethe ngeMegaloblastic Anemia!

Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba uziva ulele imini yonke, kwaye umzimba wakho uziva ungenabomi bokwenza nantoni na? Ngamanye amaxesha ulusu lwakho luyajika lube mhlophe kwaye uzive uphelelwa ngumphefumlo? Musa nje ukuzithatha njengeziqhelekileyo ezi zinto. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxaki egazini lakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeMegaloblastic Anemia , imeko ebangela iimpawu ezinje ngezi, ingakumbi xa ungenazo iivithamini B12 kunye nevithamini B9 (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-folate).

Yintoni iMegaloblastic Anemia?

Ngamafutshane, i-megaloblastic anemia luhlobo lwe-anemia oluchaphazela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo ziba nkulu kunesiqhelo . Yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'macrocytic anemia', nto leyo ethetha ukungabikho kweeseli ezinkulu zegazi .

Ngamanye amazwi, le yi-anemia yokunqongophala kweevithamini . Le meko yenzeka xa umzimba ungafumani izakhamzimba ezibini ezaneleyo , i-vitamin B12 kunye ne -vitamin B9 ( folate ) . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, oogqirha banokuyinyanga le meko ngokunika izongezo ze-vitamin B12 kunye ne-B9.

I-megaloblastic anemia ichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Ngoku, khangela, imizimba yethu idinga inani elithile leeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo. Kuba ezi seli ezibomvu zezona zithwala ioksijini ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya kwizicubu zomzimba wonke, kwaye zithwala i-carbon dioxide kwakhona. Njengazo zonke ezinye iiseli zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqala njengeeseli ezisisiseko kumongo wethu wethambo.

I-Vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B9 zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwazo, imizimba yethu ivelisa uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-megaloblasts .

Khawucinge nje, ezi megaloblasts, iiseli ezahlukanayo neziphindaphindana njengeeseli eziphilileyo, azenzi ezintsha. Oko kuthetha ukuba inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kumongo wethambo liyancipha. Esinye isizathu kukuba ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zikhulu kakhulu. Zinkulu kakhulu, eneneni, kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha azikwazi nokuphuma kumongo wethambo zingene kwinkqubo yegazi. Nokuba zinjalo, ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga ziyafa ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli ezibomvu eziphilileyo. Xa konke oku kuhlangana, inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni liyancipha, okubangela i-anemia, okubangelwa kukunqongophala kwegazi.

Ingaba esi sisifo esinzulu?

Esinye sezizathu ze-megaloblastic anemia kukunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12 kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zemithambo-luvo . Umzekelo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa okanye ukurhawuzelelwa kwamalungu omzimba, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-'paresthesia'. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

I-Megaloblastic anemia ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa oogqirha abanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo lokuchaza ukuba bangaphi abantu abanayo.

Yintoni ebangela i-megaloblastic anemia?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, esona sizathu siphambili kukuba umongo wethu awunayo i-vitamin B12 okanye i-vitamin B9 eyaneleyo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.

Zithini izizathu zokunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12?

Abanye abantu banesiphene sevithamini B12 kuba bengatyi ukutya okwaneleyo okunevithamini B12, okufana nenyama, intlanzi, amaqanda kunye nobisi. Abanye baneengxaki zokufunxa ivithamini B12, nokuba kungenxa yeemeko ezithile zonyango okanye ngenxa yonyango. Ezi meko ziquka:

• I-anemia eyingozi: Esi sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esithintela umzimba ekufumaneni i-vitamin B12 .
• Utyando lwesisu: Olu lutyando olususa inxalenye yesisu. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukufunxwa kwevithamini B12.
• Isifo sikaZollinger-Ellison: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga esithintela umzimba ekufumaneni i-vitamin B12.
• I-Blind loop syndrome: Oku kwenzeka xa ukutya esikugayayo kungahambi kakuhle emathunjini kwaye kubambeke kwindawo enye, apho iintsholongwane zikhula khona zize zisebenzise i-vitamin B12.
• Ukuhlasela kweentlanzi ezinamathambo: Olu sulelo lweentlanzi lunokufunyanwa ngokutya iintlanzi ezingaphekwanga kakuhle nezinamathambo. Ezi ntlanzi ziphila ngokufunxa i-vitamin B12.
• Ukungoneli kwePancreatic: Kule meko, ipancreas yakho ayikwazi ukwenza ii-enzymes zokugaya ukutya ezaneleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokungafumani zonke izondlo ozifunayo, ezifana neevithamini B12 okanye B9.

Zithini izizathu zokunqongophala kwevithamini B9 (folate)?

Ukunqongophala kweVithamini B9 (folate) kunokwenzeka ukuba asifaki imifuno eluhlaza eyaneleyo, iziqhamo, inyama, kunye neembotyi ekutyeni kwethu kwemihla ngemihla, okanye ukutya okune-folic acid. Kukho nezinye izizathu:

• Izifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya: Ukuba unesifo esifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye isifo se-celiac, inkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya isenokungayifunxi kakuhle i-folic acid.
• Ukusela utywala kakhulu: Abantu abasela utywala obuninzi ngamanye amaxesha batshintsha ukutya ngotywala. Ngenxa yoko, abafumani folate yaneleyo.
• Ukupheka iziqhamo nemifuno yakho ngokugqithisileyo: Xa upheka iziqhamo nemifuno ngokugqithisileyo, ubushushu bunokutshabalalisa i-folate ekhoyo kuzo ngokwemvelo.
• I-Hemolytic anemia: Esi sisifo segazi apho iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa khona kwaye umongo wakho awukwazi ukuziphinda ngokukhawuleza.
• Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza okuxhuzula kunye nezilonda zamathumbuAmayeza anikwayo nge-ulcerative colitis aphazamisana nokufunxwa kakuhle kwe-folate.
• I-Dialysis: Abantu abakwi-dialysis ngamanye amaxesha badla ngokungathandi ukutya ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Oku kunokuchaphazela ubungakanani bevithamini B12 abayifumana ekutyeni. (Kuya kufuneka ufunde nge-B9 apha, nangona inqaku lokuqala lisithi i-B12, isenokuba yi-B9 ngokuxhomekeke kumongo.)

Zithini iimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia?

Iimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia ziyafana nezo zezinye iintlobo ze-anemia:

• Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Ubuthathaka: Ukuziva ngathi umzimba wakho awunabomi, awukwazi ukuhambahamba okanye ukwenza nantoni na.
• Ulusu lwakho luba mdaka kunesiqhelo .
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Ukuziva uphelelwa ngamandla, ubunzima bokuphefumla nzulu.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka: Ukuziva ujikeleza okanye ulahlekelwe zingqondo.

Ukunqongophala kweVithamini B12, ngakumbi, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo yakho, okubangela iimpawu ezifana nokungaziva kakuhle kwamalungu akho, ukuphelelwa zimvakalelo, okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha.

Oogqirha bakuqonda njani oku kanye kanye?

Oogqirha bafumanisa i-megaloblastic anemia ngokukuvavanya ngokwasemzimbeni baze bakubuze imibuzo malunga neempawu zakho. Banokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana nolu:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (FBC): Olu vavanyo lujonga inani leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kunye nomsebenzi wazo.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Oku kuquka ukujonga iiseli zakho zegazi nge-microscope. Nangona ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zihlalutywa ngumatshini, kule meko, ugqirha ujonga iiseli aze enze isigqibo.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte: Oku kulinganisa inani lee-reticulocytes ezingekavuthwa kwi-bone morrow yakho. Oku kunceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ukuba i-bone morrow yakho ivelisa ii-red blood cells ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Oogqirha banyanga i-megaloblastic anemia ngokunika izongezo zeevithamini. Jonga oku:

• Unyango lokuNciphisa iVithamin B12: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ufakwe i-vitamin B12 kangangeeveki ezimbalwa de amanqanaba akho eVithamin B12 abuyele esiqhelweni. Ukuba ukunqongophala kweVithamin B12 yakho kubangelwa yingxaki yokukwazi komzimba wakho ukufunxa i-B12, kunokufuneka uthathe i-B12 rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa ubomi bakho bonke. Kwakhona, abantu abangonelanga i-B12 ngenxa yemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pernicious anemia banokufuna ukuthatha izongezo ze-B12 ubomi babo bonke.
• Unyango lokuNqanda iVithamin B9: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika iipilisi ze-folic acid ukulungisa ukunqongophala kweVithamin B9. Baza kujonga namanqanaba akho eVithamin B12 ukuqinisekisa ukuba akwimida eqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha izongezo zeVithamin B9 zinokunciphisa iimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia kwaye zifihle ukunqongophala kweVithamin B12 (okunokubangela umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo).

Singayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Zama ukutya ukutya okunesondlo okubeka phambili ukutya okunevithamini B12 kunye nevithamini B9 .
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo. Ukusela utywala rhoqo kunokuchaphazela indlela yakho yokugaya ukutya kwaye kuthintele umzimba wakho ekufumaneni i-vitamin B12.
• Ukuba unesifo esikuthintelayo ukufunxa ezi vithamini, sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze ulawule eso sifo.

Ukutya okunevithamini B12:

• Ukutya kwezilwanyana: Inyama ebomvu, intlanzi, iinkukhu, amaqanda, ubisi, kunye nezinye iimveliso zobisi zizityebi kwi-vitamin B12.
• Ukutya okuqinisiweyo: Oku kukutya okuqinisiweyo ngokwenziwa ngeevithamini ezithile kunye nezondlo ezingekhoyo ngokwemvelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ezinye iinkozo zesidlo sakusasa, igwele lesondlo, ubisi lwezityalo, kunye nezonka. Kubalulekile ukujonga ilebheli yeenkcukacha zesondlo kwiphakheji yokutya ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuqiniswe ngevithamini B12.

Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-vitamin B9 (folate):

• Imifuno: Imifuno eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (njengespinatshi, ikale), iimbotyi, iimbotyi kunye neembotyi.
• Isiqhamo: Iziqhamo zeCitrus (ezifana neeorenji kunye neetangerines).
• Ukutya kwezilwanyana: isibindi, ukutya kwaselwandle, inyama kunye nenkukhu.
• Amaqanda kunye nokutya kobisi.
• Ukutya okuqinisiweyo: Ezinye izonka, umgubo, iipasta, irayisi, kunye neenkozo zine-folic acid. Kwakhona, jonga ilebhile ekwiphakheji yokutya ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuqiniswe nge-vitamin B9 (i-folic acid).

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndine-megaloblastic anemia?

Abantu abaninzi bayasinda kwi-megaloblastic anemia emva kokuthatha izongezo zeevithamini. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga amanqanaba akho eevithamini rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B9 eyaneleyo. Umzekelo, unokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango ukuze ubone ukuba izongezo zinyuse amanqanaba akho e-vitamin B12 kunye/okanye i-B9.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ungazinyamekela ngale ndlela:

• Thatha izongezo zeevithamini kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Hlakulela imikhwa yokutya okunempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B9 eyaneleyo.
• Nyamekela impilo yakho kwaye ubone ugqirha ukuba uziva ngathi ufumana iimpawu ze-anemia kwakhona.

Khumbula, ukuba une-megaloblastic anemia, oko kuthetha ukuba awufumani i-vitamin B12 eyaneleyo kunye/okanye i-vitamin B9. Ezi vithamini zinceda umzimba wakho ukuba wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni zenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuthwala ioksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngethamsanqa, oogqirha banokulungisa oku kusilela ngokukunika izongezo zokunyusa amanqanaba akho e-vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B9. Ungatya nokutya okutyebileyo kwiivithamini kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-vitamin B9 eyaneleyo.

Isishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze oko sithethe ngako namhlanje. I-Megaloblastic anemia yimeko apho iiseli ezibomvu ezinkulu nezingaqhelekanga ziveliswa khona kumongo wethambo xa umzimba ungenazo i-vitamin B12 okanye i-vitamin B9 (folate).

• Iimpawu eziphambili kukudinwa kakhulu, ubuthathaka, ulusu olukhanyayo, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Ukungabikho kwe-B12 kunokuchaphazela nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• Isizathu kukuba akuzifumani ngokwaneleyo ezi vithamini ekutyeni, okanye yimeko yempilo ethintela umzimba ukuba ungazamkeli.
• Ifunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi, ingakumbi olo lufana ne-CBC kunye ne-Peripheral Blood Smear.
• Unyango luquka izongezo ze-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folic acid, abanye abantu abasenokufuna ukuzithatha ixesha elide.
• Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela nokuyilawula kukutya ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwiivithamini B12 kunye neB9, ukunciphisa utywala, kunye nokunyanga ngokufanelekileyo izifo ezibangelwa yiyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unale mpawu, bubulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kuba ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, unyango luba lula kwaye ukuchacha kuyakhawuleza.