Ngaba uyazi ngeeGastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (GI NETs) ezinokukhula kwinkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya?

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube neentlungu zesisu, ukudumba, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezibonakala ngathi ziza rhoqo? Okanye ulahlekelwa bubunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo? Nangona ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezifo eziqhelekileyo, kunokubakho imeko engaqhelekanga emva kwazo ekufuneka uyiqaphele. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yeemeko ezinjalo. Ibizwa ngokuba yiGastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors , okanye ii-GI NETs ngamafutshane. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula.

Zithini ezi tumors ze-neuroendocrine zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya (ii-GI NETs)?

Ngamafutshane, ii-GI NETs luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza oluvela kwiiseli ze-neuroendocrine kwinkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi iiseli ze-neuroendocrine. Ezi luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezidibanisa inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo kunye nenkqubo ye-endocrine. Zifana neziko elincinci lemiyalezo. Ezi seli zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu, kuquka nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.

Indlela yakho yokugaya ukutya yinkqubo ende efana netyhubhu egaya ukutya esikutyayo, ifunxa izondlo, kwaye isuse inkunkuma. Ezi zicubu ze-'GI NET' (ezazibizwa ngokuba yi-'carcinoid tumors') zihlala zikhula emathunjini amancinci nakwi -rectum . Nangona kunjalo, zinokukhula nasesiswini sakho, kwi-appendix, nakwi-esophagus. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi zicubu zinokusasazeka ngaphandle kwendlela yokugaya ukutya, njengakwisibindi sakho .

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko ye-GI NET?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngokwezibalo, esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-4 kwi-100,000 . Kwanakwilizwe elifana ne-United States, ngabantu abadala abamalunga ne-8,000 kuphela abafunyaniswa benaso esi sifo minyaka le.

Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nama-65 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, inokuvela nakubantu abadala bayo nayiphi na iminyaka. Abantu abamhlophe banamathuba amancinci okufumana le meko kunabamnyama. Kwakhona, idatha ibonisa ukuba abafazi banamathuba amancinci okufumana le 'GI NET' kunamadoda.

Zithini iimpawu ze-GI NET?

Nantsi into ebalulekileyo. Abanye abantu banokuba nezi thumba emizimbeni yabo ngaphandle kweempawu . Ngamanye amaxesha zifunyanwa ngengozi xa into efana ne-'scan' yenziwe ngesizathu esithile.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, zinokufana nezo zezifo eziqhelekileyo, ezingabalulekanga kangako. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonwa kade. Jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zivakala ziqhelekile na kuwe:

• Intlungu yesisu: Oku kungaba luphawu lokuba uvale amathumbu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yethumba le-GI NET.
• Urhudo:Ukuhamba rhoqo kwamathumbu. Olu phawu luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Carcinoid Syndrome" (esinye isiqendu seempawu ezinxulumene ne-"NET"), okanye kwabo basuswe inyongo okanye inxalenye yamathumbu ngotyando.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Ukuba isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza kuyaqhubeka, oko kusenokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngengozi: Ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukutya, ukwenza umthambo, okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-GI NETs.
• Igazi elikwisitulo: Ukuba isitulo sakho sibomvu okanye sithe chu, ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokopha emathunjini.
• I-Jaundice: Oku kubangela ukuba ulusu lwakho kunye namehlo amhlophe abe tyheli.
• Ukudinwa: Oku akukokulala nje kuphela. Kukudinwa kakhulu ngalo lonke ixesha, ungakwazi ukwenza nto.

Khumbula, ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-GI NET. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Zithini izizathu ze-GI NET?

Enyanisweni, abaphandi bezonyango abakakwazi ukufumana unobangela oqinisekileyo we-GI NETs. Nangona kunjalo, bafumanise ukuba abantu abane-asidi ephantsi esiswini (hypochlorhydria) banento enxulumene nale meko.

Ukongeza, abantu abanezimo ezithile ezizuzwe njengelifa kunye neempawu ezithile banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-GI NETs. Ezinye zezi meko ziquka:

• I-Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN): Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto. Uhlobo olunye (MEN1) lubangela ukuba i-thyroid, i-parathyroid, okanye i-adrenal glands yakho isebenze kakhulu okanye ivelise amathumba. Olunye uhlobo (MEN2) lubangela ukuba i-pancreas, i-pituitary, okanye i-parathyroid glands yakho isebenze kakhulu okanye ivelise amathumba.
• Isifo sikaVon Hippel-Lindau: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Sibangela ukuba kubekho iithumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1: Olu lukwayimeko engaqhelekanga. Lubangela ukuba kubekho iithumba eluswini nakwimithambo-luvo, kwaye lunokuchaphazela namehlo kunye nezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko ye-GI NET?

Ukuba uneempawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, okanye ukuba kukho nantoni na ekrokrelwayo ngenxa yesinye isizathu, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo.

• I-X-reyi: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yoko kungaphakathi emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ithumba le-GI NET likhulu kakhulu okanye lincinci kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa kwi-X-reyi. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iintlobo zeeskeni.
• Iskeni ye-CT eqikelelweyo:Oku kusebenzisa ikhompyutha kunye nothotho lwee-X-reyi ukudala umbono onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) wezitho zakho kunye namathambo. I-CT scan ingabonisa izinto ezifana nobukhulu bethumba kunye nokuba lisasazeke esibindini okanye kwezinye iindawo.
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa imagnethi, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yamalungu akho namathambo.
• I-Endoscopy: Kule nkqubo, oogqirha basebenzisa i-endoscope, isixhobo esincinci, esifana netyhubhu esinokukhanya kunye nekhamera ngaphambili, ukujonga ngaphakathi kwendlela yakho yokugaya engasentla. Le tyhubhu ingafakwa ngomlomo wakho okanye kwi-rectum. I-colonoscope isetyenziselwa ukujonga inxalenye esezantsi yendlela yakho yokugaya.
• I-Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Le sixhobo sisebenzisa i-endoscope kunye namaza esandi anamandla aphezulu ukuthatha imifanekiso yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. I-endoscope ifakwa ngomlomo okanye kwi-rectum, kwaye i-probe ekupheleni ithumela amaza esandi kwindlela yokugaya ukutya. Amaza aphuma kwizicubu ezingaphakathi enza imifanekiso ebizwa ngokuba yi-sonograms.
• Iskeni se-Positron emission tomography (PET): Olu vavanyo lubona ii-neuroendocrine tumors kusetyenziswa idayi ekhethekileyo (eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubona iiseli ze-neuroendocrine tumour).
• I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Kule meko, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.

Ngaba kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ee-neuroendocrine tumors?

Ewe, oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka amanqaku ukuze bahlele la mathumba. Ibanceda ukuba bacwangcise unyango lwabo. Inqanaba lethumba limiselwa ngokuhlola iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwe-microscope. Bajonga ukuba zingaphi iiseli ezahlukanayo, ukuba zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kwaye zifana kangakanani neeseli zomhlaza kuneeseli eziphilileyo. Nazi izigaba ze-'GI NET':

• Ibanga loku-1 (ithumba elikumgangatho ophantsi): Ezi seli zahlukana kancinci kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ithumba likhula kancinci kakhulu.
• Ibanga lesi-2 (ithumba eliphakathi): Izinga lala maseli ahlukana ngalo liphakathi.
• Ibanga lesi-3 (ithumba elikumgangatho ophezulu): Ezi seli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ithumba likhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Gastrointestinal Endocrine Tumors (GI NETs)?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga ii-GI NETs. Oogqirha bakhetha unyango olungcono kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya umgangatho womhlaza wakho, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngenxa yonyango, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili: ukubekwa esweni okusebenzayo, utyando, kunye nonyango lwezonyango.

Yintoni i-Active Monitoring?

Ukuba ithumba likhula kancinci kakhulu kwaye linomngcipheko omncinci wokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, oogqirha banokucebisa unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-"active surveillance." Oku kuquka ukukujonga rhoqo , endaweni yokuqalisa unyango olukhulu kwangoko.

• Uvavanyo lokufota olufana ne-CT scan.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nokubalwa kwegazi elipheleleyo (i-CBC).
• Uvavanyo lomzimba.

Zeziphi iindlela zotyando ezenziwayo kwi-GI NET?

Uhlobo lotyando olwenziwa kwi-GI NET luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nendawo ekuyo ithumba kunye nokuba lisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando, iqela lakho lotyando lazi ukuba unayo na `(Carcinoid Syndrome)` (imeko ebonisa iimpawu `zee-neuroendocrine tumors`). Kuba, ukuba unayo `(Carcinoid Syndrome)`, utyando lunokubangela iingxaki ezinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba ugqirha otyandayo uyazi ngale nto, uya kuzama ukuthintela ezi ngxaki ngokukunika amayeza akhethekileyo ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kotyando.

Ezinye zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zotyando ezenziwa kwi-GI NET zezi:

• Ukususwa kwesisu okuncinci: Oku kuquka ukususwa kwenxalenye yesisu sakho.
• Ukususwa kwamathumbu amancinci: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci equlathe ithumba. Ugqirha angenza i-anastomosis (ukudibanisa kwakhona iziphelo ezimbini zamathumbu anqunyulweyo). Ama-lymph nodes akufutshane namathumbu amancinci adla ngokususwa aze ahlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukubona ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
• Utyando lokususa i-appendectomy: Oogqirha banokususa i-appendix yakho nokuba ngotyando olukhulu okanye ngotyando lwe-laparoscopic (utyando oluncinci olufakwe ikhamera).
• I-Hemicolectomy: Kule meko, icala lasekunene okanye lasekhohlo lekholoni liyasuswa, kunye nemithambo yegazi ekufutshane kunye nee-lymph nodes.
• Ukususwa kwamathumbu okungaphantsi: Oogqirha basusa inxalenye ye-rectum yakho, kodwa bayishiye i-anus yakho icocekile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ube neentshukumo eziqhelekileyo zamathumbu.
• Ukususwa kwesisu (APR): Olu tyando lususa i-anus yakho, i-rectum, kunye nenxalenye yekholoni yakho . Olu tyando ludla ngokuhamba ne-colostomy. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwenziwa umngxuma ukusuka kwikholoni yakho ukuya kumphezulu wesisu sakho ukuze indle (inkunkuma yokugaya) idlule.
• Ukususwa kwesibindi: Olu tyando lususa ii-GI NETs ezisasazeke esibindini.

Zithini iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zolu tyando?

Zonke ezi nkqubo zotyando zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu . Ngamanye amaxesha ungadinga uncedo olongezelelweyo ekhaya ngelixa uphila. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ulindele ntoni emva kotyando oluthile olulwenzayo.

Ngaba utyando lwe-GI NET luza kuyichaphazela indlela endiphila ngayo?

Ewe, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga . Ekubeni olu tyando ludla ngokususa inxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya, kunokubakho utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo nosela ngayo, kwanendlela oya ngayo kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza ngqo indlela olu tyando oluza kukuchaphazela ngayo, kunye nento aza kuyenza ukulawula naziphi na iingxaki zokugaya ukutya.

Zeziphi ezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kwi-GI NET?

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokudibanisa olu nyango notyando:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu nyango lusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ezenzelwe ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Olu nyango lusebenzisa amayeza okanye ezinye izinto ezihlasela iiseli zomhlaza kuphela, ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli ezisempilweni eziqhelekileyo.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy: Olu nyango lusebenzisa amajoni omzimba wakho ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingakhuli.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kusebenzisa amandla anamandla ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ekukhuleni kwazo.
• Ii-Somatostatin analogues: Ezi ziintlobo zokwenziwa zehomoni i-somatostatin. I-somatostatin yakho isebenza ngokuthintela umzimba wakho ekwenzeni iihomoni ezininzi kakhulu.

Zithini iziphumo okanye iingxaki ezibangelwa zezi ndlela zonyango?

Ngalunye lwezi ndlela zonyango luchaphazela umntu ngamnye ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngokucacileyo ngeengenelo kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango ngalunye nogqirha wakho. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde indlela unyango ngalunye oluya kukuchaphazela ngayo. Ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa unyango olusekelwe kwimpilo yakho iyonke kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Ngaba ii-Gastrointestinal Endocrine Tumors zinokuthintelwa?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuthintela ii-GI NETs. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bezonyango bafumene unxibelelwano phakathi kwezifo ezithile zelifa kunye/okanye iimeko zonyango kunye nomngcipheko wokufumana ii-neuroendocrine tumors. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho. Angacebisa uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuze kufunyanwe iimpawu zokuqala ze-GI NETs, ​​​​ukuze ii-tumor zibanjwe kwaye zinyangwe kwangethuba.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ufunyenwe nini kwaye unyango luqalwe nini. Malunga nama-97% abantu abafumana unyango ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba baya kusinda.Emva kweminyaka emihlanu uxilongiwe. Ukuba ithumba lisasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwii-lymph nodes, elo zinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyehla liye kuma-95%. Malunga nama-67% abantu abane-GI NETs abasasazeke ngaphandle kwendlela yokugaya ukutya baphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu uxilongiwe.

I-GI NET ingabuya. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu, ibanga, kunye nendawo ekuyo ithumba, kunokufuneka ukuba wenze iimvavanyo zokulandelela rhoqo. Umzekelo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze i-CT scan kanye ngonyaka kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala emva konyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba rhoqo ngonyaka. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nezihlandlo zokulandelela kunye novavanyo oluhambelana ngqo nesifo sakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-tumor ye-neuroendocrine esiswini, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kufuna utyando. Oogqirha botyando badla ngokusebenzisa imingxunya evulekileyo, emikhulu kune-laparoscopic surgery. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa uze uphile ekhaya iiveki ezimbalwa.

Ndingaya nini kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko?

Usenokuba neshedyuli yokulandelela rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba umhlaza wakho ubuyile na. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu emva kotyando ezinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esinzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza:

• Ubunzima obukhulu ngequbuliso bokuphefumla.
• Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius).
• Ukuba intlungu inzima, okanye ukuba ayinakulawulwa ngamayeza akho okuthomalalisa iintlungu.
• Ukuba kukho ubomvu obuluhlaza, obunuka kakubi obuphuma kwinxeba lotyando, ingakumbi ukuba indawo ejikeleze inxeba ivakala ishushu xa uyichukumisa, okanye ukuba ibomvu kakhulu.
• Ukuba uhlanza rhoqo okanye urhudo.

I-tumor ye-neuroendocrine yesisu (GI NET) inokuba sisifo esitshintsha ubomi. Kungenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi abanale meko kufuneka benze utyando lokususa inxalenye okanye yonke inkqubo yabo yokugaya ukutya. Utyando lwakho lunokutshintsha indlela otya ngayo, osela ngayo, noya ngayo kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Iqela lakho lezonyango liyazi ukuba ukuziqhelanisa nolu tshintsho akusoloko kulula. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, yabelana ngazo nogqirha wakho. Baza kuyiqonda imeko yakho kwaye bakuncede ufumane izisombululo.

Zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

• I-'GI NET' luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwethumba lomhlaza , kodwa kubalulekile ukuliqaphela.
• Abanye abantu banokuba nazo ezi zinto ngaphandle kweempawu , kodwa qaphela iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yesisu, urhudo, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba ngengozi.
• Ziyeke ezi zikhule.Isizathu esichanekileyo asikafunyanwa, kodwa ezinye izinto ezidluliselwa kwilifa zinokudlala indima.
• Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga izifo, ezifana ne-'CT scan', 'MRI', 'Endoscopy', kunye ne-'Biopsy'.
• Iindlela zonyango ziquka utyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation . Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
• Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nokuqaliswa konyango kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuchacha.
• Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo ngale nto, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho . Bakho ukuze bakuncede.

` GI NET, Iithumba zeNeuroendocrine zeSisu, Umhlaza, Umhlaza wamathumbu, Iithumba zeNeuroendocrine, Inkqubo yoKutya, Iimpawu