Ngaba uneqhuma elingaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho? Ngaba lingaba yithumba leeseli zentsholongwane? Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-'Germ Cell Tumor'? Mhlawumbi eli gama livakala liyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda. Kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi zinto, ingakumbi kuba ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhula ebantwaneni abancinci nakubantu abadala abancinci.

Zithini ezi ntsholongwane ze-germ cell?

Ngamafutshane, ithumba leeseli zentsholongwane lithumba elivela kwiiseli zethu zokuzala, ezibizwa ngokuba 'ziiseli zentsholongwane'. Igama elithi "intsholongwane" lithetha "ukuhluma" okanye "ukuvuthwa." Ngoku, kwintombazana, ezi seli zentsholongwane kamva ziya kuba 'ngamaqanda'. Kwinkwenkwe, ezi ziya kuba 'yimbewu'. Ngoko ke, ezi tumors zeseli zentsholongwane zinokwenzeka ukuba zikhule kwiindawo apho amaqanda aveliswa khona, oko kukuthi 'amaqanda', kunye nalapho kuveliswa khona isidoda, oko kukuthi 'amasende'.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha la mathumba anokukhula kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngaphandle kwamaqanda kunye namasende. Umzekelo, anokukhula kwiindawo ezifana nesisu, isifuba, umqolo osezantsi, ithambo lomsila, kunye nobuchopho. Amathumba akhula kwezinye iindawo ezifana nale abizwa ngokuba yi-extragonadal tumors . Oko kukuthi, amathumba akhula ngaphandle kwamadlala okuzala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ezi ntsholongwane ze-germ cell zibonakala kakhulu kubantwana abancinci, abakwishumi elivisayo, nakubantu abadala abancinci .

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iintlobo zeethumba zeeseli zentsholongwane?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeethumba zeeseli zentsholongwane. Ezinye zinokuba yingozi , oko kuthetha ukuba zinomhlaza. Olunye uhlobo alunabungozi . Zombini ezi ntlobo zeethumba zinokukhula zibe nkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ziithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane kuphela ezinomhlaza ezinokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Xa zisasazeka (zisasazekile), zingonakalisa amalungu ethu angaphakathi kwaye kunzima ukuzinyanga.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeethumba zeeseli zentsholongwane:

I-Teratoma

Ezi ziqhamo ziluhlobo olukhethekileyo lweziqhamo. Ezi ziqhamo zinokuqulatha izicubu ezifana namazinyo, iinwele, izihlunu kunye namathambo. Cinga ngazo njengesiqhamo esenziwe ngazo zonke iintlobo zezinto. Ezi zinokuba 'zivuthiwe' okanye 'zingomelelanga'.

• Ii-teratomas ezivuthiweyo , ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba zii-dermoid cysts , zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zethumba leeseli zentsholongwane elikhula kwii-ovari. Uninzi lwexesha, azinawo umhlaza.
• Ii-teratomas ezingekavuthwa zihlala zinomhlaza, kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Ii-Yolk Sac Tumors okanye ii-Endodermal Sinus Tumors

Ezi mbewu ziqulathe iiseli ezifana nqwa neeseli ezikwi-embryo ekhulayo.Ezi ziyingozi kwaye zinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Iithumba ze-yolk sac lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba le-germ cell elinomhlaza ebantwaneni abancinci.

I-germinoma

Olu luhlobo lwethumba elinomhlaza. Linokuvela kwii-ovari okanye kwii-testicles. Nangona kunjalo, lifumaneka kakhulu engqondweni nakwi-spinal cord (inkqubo ye-nervous central). Xa livela kwii-ovari, libizwa ngokuba yi-dysgerminoma , kwaye xa livela kwii-testicles, libizwa ngokuba yi-seminoma .

I-Carcinoma yeSeli yoMbungu

Le yi-germ cell tumor engaqhelekanga, enomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha ingenzeka yodwa, kodwa idla ngokubonakala xa idibene nezinye iintlobo zee-tumor, nto leyo eyenza i-mixed germ cell tumor .

I-Polyembryoma

Ezi thumba ziqulathe iindawo ezifana neembumba. Zikwangazo ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Zihlala zidityaniswe nezinye iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane.

I-Choriocarcinoma

Ezi thumba zenziwe ngeeseli ezenza i-placenta ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Njengoko usenokuba uyazi, i-placenta sisitho esinceda umama nomntwana ukuba batshintshiselane ngezondlo. I-Choriocarcinoma ikwasisifo esingaqhelekanga, esinomhlaza esibangela umhlaza. Nangona sinokukhula kuma-ovari okanye kuma-testicles, sihlala sikhula esibelekweni. Okukhethekileyo ngayo kukuba inokusasazeka kumntwana ongekazalwa nakumama.

Iintsholongwane zeSeli zeNtsholongwane eziDibeneyo

Ezi ziithumba ezithi zenzeke xa iintlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeethumba zentsholongwane ezibangela umhlaza zidibana. Enyanisweni, iithumba ezininzi zentsholongwane zixutywa ngolu hlobo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-seminoma kunye nee-non-seminoma tumors?

Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane kumadoda, ingakumbi umhlaza wamasende, zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ii-seminomas kunye nee-non-seminomas . Zombini ziithumba ezinomhlaza.

• IiSeminoma: Ezi zihlala zikhula kwaye zisasazeka kancinci kunee-non-seminoma.
• Ii-Non-seminomas: Ezi zikhula kwaye zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunee-seminomas. Ii-Yolk sac tumors, ii-embryonal cell carcinomas, ii-choriocarcinomas, kunye nee-teratomas zezo ziluhlu lwee-non-seminomas.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi ntsholongwane zeseli zentsholongwane?

Iintsholongwane ze-germ cell azifumaneki ebantwaneni abancinci. Zimalunga ne-3.5% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ebantwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, zibonakala rhoqo kulutsha nakubantu abadala abancinci. Iintsholongwane ze-germ cell zimalunga ne-13.9% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 neli-19 ubudala.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Nangona nabani na enokuba neethumba zeeseli zentsholongwane,Iintsana, abantwana abancinci, abakwishumi elivisayo, kunye nabantu abadala abancinci ngabona basengozini kakhulu. Ukuxhaphaka kwezi ngxaki kuyahluka ngokweminyaka. Umzekelo, zixhaphakile ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala, zize zinciphe kancinci, zize ziphinde zikhule ngexesha lokufikisa.

• Iithumba ze-ovarian germ cell: Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana aphakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-14 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, zinokukhula nakubantu abakwiminyaka engama-20 nengama-30 ubudala. I-teratoma evuthiweyo (edla ngokuba yi-non-cancer) lolona hlobo lwethumba le-germ cell oluxhaphakileyo.
• Iithumba zentsholongwane zeseli yamasende: Olu hlobo lubangela i-75% yomhlaza wamasende ebantwaneni, kunye ne-90% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamasende. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala nakumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-35 ubudala.
• Iithumba ze-Extragonadal germ cell: Ezi thumba zibanga i-40% ukuya kwi-50% yazo zonke iithumba ze-germ cell ezifunyenwe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, zinokuvela nakubantwana abancinci nakwishumi elivisayo. Kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci, zifumaneka kakhulu kwi-sacrum okanye kwi-coccyx. Kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala abancinci, zifumaneka kakhulu kwi-mediastinum.
• Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane yobuchopho: Nangona ezi zinqabile, zihlala zifunyanwa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-11 nengama-30 ubudala.

Zithini iimpawu zethumba leeseli zentsholongwane?

Iimpawu zale thumba ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo emzimbeni.

Iimpawu ze-cysts ze-ovarian

Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane ezikhula kwii-ovari azisoloko zibangela iimpawu. Umzekelo, i-teratoma evuthiweyo isenokungabangeli naziphi na iimpawu ide ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibangele iintlungu zesisu. Zihlala zifunyanwa ngexesha le-ultrasound scan ukukhangela unobangela weentlungu zesisu esisezantsi.

Iimpawu zinokuba ngolu hlobo:

• Ukungakhululeki okanye iintlungu esiswini esisezantsi.
• Ukuziva iqhuma elibuhlungu kwi-ovary.
• Ukudumba, ukudumba.
• Intlungu yesisu (njenge- appendicitis ).
• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi.
• Isicaphucaphu.

Iimpawu ze-cysts zamasende

Iimpawu zeentsholongwane zentsholongwane ezikhula kumasende ziyafana nezo zomhlaza wamasende.

Iimpawu zezi zilandelayo:

• Iqhuma eliqinileyo neliqinileyo kwi-testicle elikhula kancinci kancinci (lisenokuba buhlungu okanye lingabi buhlungu).
• Ukuziva intlungu okanye ubunzima kwisinqe sesifuba.
• Intlungu yesisu okanye intlungu yemiqolo.
• Imo engaqhelekanga ye-testicle.
• Umqolo obuhlungu.

Iimpawu zeethumba ezenzeka kwezinye iindawo (extragonadal)

Iqhuma elisezinqeni zomntwana wakho okanye esifubeni sakheUkuba ikhona, isenokuba yi-teratoma. Ezinye iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo ithumba.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuba bunxulumene nemiphunga).
• Ubuthathaka kwimilenze (ukuba kumqolo ongezantsi).
• Ubunzima bokuchama kunye nokukhupha indle (ukuba ingxaki inxulumene ne-pelvis).
• Umntwana uneentlungu ezibuhlungu okanye ezibuhlungu esiswini.

Ezinye iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane zikhupha iihomoni zokuzala. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantwana babonise iimpawu zokufikisa kwangethuba okanye bakhule ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngokwesondo. Amantombazana anokuba namabele, iinwele zasesibelekweni, kunye nokuya exesheni kwangethuba. Abafana banokuba namabele (gynecomastia).

Yintoni ebangela ezi ntsholongwane zeeseli zentsholongwane?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi seli zentsholongwane zenziwa njengoko umntwana esandul’ ukuzalwa ekhula. Ezi seli emva koko ziya kwii-ovari okanye amasende e-embryo, apho ziba ziiseli zamaqanda okanye iiseli zesidoda.

Kodwa, kwiithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane, ezi seli azikhuli ngokupheleleyo zibe ngamaqanda okanye isidoda. Endaweni yoko, ezi seli zentsholongwane zahlukana ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zenze iithumba kwii-ovari okanye kumasende. Kwi-'extragonadal tumors' esithethe ngayo ngaphambili, ezi seli zentsholongwane ziya kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni - iindawo ezifana nesifuba, ubuchopho, isisu, umqolo osezantsi, iimpundu - kwaye zenze iithumba apho.

Enyanisweni, abaphandi abakafumani isizathu sokuba ezi seli zentsholongwane ziziphatha ngolu hlobo.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Usenokuba namathuba amaninzi okuba nethumba leeseli zentsholongwane ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nalo ngaphambili, okanye ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zempilo.

Nazi iimeko ezinje:

• Ukuba namasende anganyangwanga, angakhuliyo ( cryptorchidism ).
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Turner syndrome .
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Klinefelter syndrome .

Ezi ziimeko zofuzo okanye zophuhliso ezichongwa ngoogqirha.

Zifunyaniswa njani iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo ukuze abone ukuba unayo na ithumba leseli yentsholongwane:

• I-CT scan: Oku kuquka ukuthatha imifanekiso emininzi ye-X-reyi yangaphakathi lomzimba wakho nokusebenzisa ikhompyutha ukwenza umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emithathu (`3D`) wamathambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo. I-CT scan yesifuba, isisu, okanye i-pelvis inokunceda ekufumaneni ithumba.
• I-MRI: Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza umfanekiso wekhompyutha wamathambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba. Njenge-CT scan, i-MRI inokubonisa indawo enesimila.
• I-ultrasound:Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso yangaphakathi lomzimba. I-ultrasound ibonisa ukuba ingakanani ithumba eliqinileyo kwaye ingakanani i-fluid (`cystic`). Olu lwazi lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ithumba liyi-germ cell tumor okanye liyi-fluid nje (`cyst`).
• I-PET scan: Oku kusebenzisa ikhemikhali ekhethekileyo (i-'tracer') ukufumana iindawo zeeseli zomhlaza emzimbeni. I-PET scan inokubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na.
• Ukuskena amathambo: Oku kuquka ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo emzimbeni, ukuvumela ukuba ingene emathanjeni, uze emva koko uthathe imifanekiso ye-X-reyi. Le dayi inceda ekuboniseni izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwaye inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ithumba lisasazeke emathanjeni.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ugqirha wakho unokuthatha isampuli yegazi ukujonga amanqanaba ee-enzymes ezithile, iiproteni, okanye iihomoni egazini lakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu ezinto ezifana ne -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) , i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , kunye ne-lactate dehydrogenase inokuba luphawu lweentlobo ezithile zeethumba ze-germ cell.
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu sethumba uze ulithumele kwilebhu ukuze livavanywe. Ingcali yezifo , ugqirha ochwephesha kuhlalutyo lwesicubu, uza kuhlola isampuli phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuba ingaba sisicubu seseli yentsholongwane.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba iqhuma lakho linokuba ngumhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni asuse lonke ilungu lomzimba. Umzekelo, inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuxilonga umhlaza wamasende kukususa lonke isebe ( i-radical inguinal orchiectomy ). Ukususa isebe kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlalutye izicubu aze enze utyando njengonyango.

Zinyangwa njani iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba unyango olungcono ngokusekwe kuhlobo, ubungakanani, indawo yethumba, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

• Utyando: Utyando lolona nyango luphambili lwee-tumor ze-germ cell. Kwimeko yee-tumor ze-ovarian, yi-tumor kuphela enokususwa ( i-ovarian cystectomy ), okanye yonke i-ovary kunye ne-fallopian tube inokususwa ( i-salpingo-oophorectomy ). Kwimeko yomhlaza we-testicular, i-testicle equlethe i-tumor iyasuswa.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingahlukani. Ukuba ugqirha wakho akanakukwazi ukususa ithumba ngokukhuselekileyo, okanye ukuba lisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, unganikwa ikhemotherapy. Emva kotyando, ikhemotherapy ikwanikwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokushiywa ngasemva, nokuba azifunyanwanga kwiskeni. Unyango lweKhemotherapy lusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zeethumba zeeseli zentsholongwane.Indlela yonyango ephumelele kakhulu.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo zeethumba zeeseli zentsholongwane zisabela kakuhle kunyango ngemitha.

Ngaba ithumba leeseli zentsholongwane linganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

I-prognosis, okanye ithemba lokuphiliswa, kwiintsholongwane ezininzi zeeseli zentsholongwane ilungile kakhulu. Esi sifo sidla ngokunyangwa ukuba ithumba lisusiwe ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, umhlaza wamasende unezinga lokusinda eliyi-95% emva konyango. Iintsholongwane zeeseli zentsholongwane ze-ovarian zinezinga lokusinda eliyi-93%. Iintsholongwane zeeseli zentsholongwane ebantwaneni zinezinga lokuphiliswa eliphakathi kwe-82% kunye ne-90%.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela wena. Ezi ziquka:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Uhlobo lwethumba leeseli zentsholongwane.
• Indawo kunye nobukhulu bethumba.
• Umgama osasazeke ngumhlaza.
• Impendulo yethumba kunyango.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela ukuxilongwa kwakho okuya kuzichaphazela ngayo iziphumo zakho.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Ungabuza le mibuzo ukuze uqonde ngcono isifo sakho:

• Ingaba ithumba lam linesifo somhlaza (liyingozi)?
• Ingaba ithumba lam likhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani (linoburhalarhume)?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazekile?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ziziphi iziphumo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokhetho ngalunye lonyango?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze ukuze ndijonge ukusebenza kakuhle konyango?
• Kuza kufuneka ndize kangaphi kwintlanganiso yokulandelela ukuze ndijonge ithumba lam/impendulo yalo kunyango?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ithumba leeseli zentsholongwane lithumba elivela kwiiseli zokuzala. Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela indlela olu xilongo oluya kukuchaphazela ngayo wena okanye umntwana wakho. Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane ziyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Iimpawu zakho kunye noqikelelo lwakho lwesifo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, zonke ezo ugqirha wakho aza kuzixoxa nawe.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwee-tumor zeeseli zentsholongwane zisabela kakuhle kunyango. Njengakweyiphi na i-tumor (ingakumbi ii-tumor ezinomhlaza), okukhona ufumanisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqala unyango, kokukhona iziphumo zakho ziya kuba ngcono. Ke ngoko, ukuba uneqhuma elingaqhelekanga, ukudumba, okanye intlungu, kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha kunokungayinaki.

Iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane , umhlaza, i-teratoma, ithumba le-yolk sac, i-germinoma, umhlaza we-ovarian, umhlaza wamasende