Ingaba isisu sakho asibuhlungu nje kuphela? Makhe sithethe nge-GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube nesisu esibuhlungu, okanye isisu esibuhlungu, okanye uzive unzima? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba ukutya kubi, "ukuphazamiseka kwesisu", okanye "ukuqunjelwa nje". Kodwa, cinga ngako, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho ibali elibi ngakumbi emva kwezi mpawu zincinci. Enye yazo, engaqhelekanga kangako, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngesimo somhlaza yi-GIST, emele iGastrointestinal Stromal Tumor . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa ngokulula, kulungile?

Yintoni le thumba yesisu (GIST)?

Ngamafutshane, ii-GIST ziithumba ezinomhlaza ezikhula eludongeni lomgudu wakho wokugaya ukutya —inxalenye yomzimba wakho apho ukutya neziselo zihamba khona ukusuka emlonyeni wakho ukuya esiswini sakho zize zidlule emathunjini akho ukuze zigaywe. Ezi thumba, ukuba zichanekile, ziwela kwinto oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba yi- 'soft tissue sarcoma'.

Khawucinge nje, ezinye iithumba ze-GIST zincinci kakhulu, njenge-pensile eraser okanye i-pea. Ukuba sisimila esincinci kakhulu, usenokungasiboni okanye ungaziva ntlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iithumba ziqala ukukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kulapho ke ezi GIST zinokuqala ukukubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Uninzi lwexesha, oogqirha banyanga le meko ye-GIST ngokwenza utyando lokususa isimila okanye iithumba ngokupheleleyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-GIST?

Enyanisweni, i-GIST luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu . Nokuba xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe ehlabathini, kuyafana. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, kuphela amatyala amatsha e-GIST afunyanwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Ngoko ke ungacinga ukuba le meko ingaqhelekanga kangakanani. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele, ukuze ukuba ufumana iimpawu, ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini iimpawu ze-GIST?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ukuba iithumba ze-GIST zincinci kakhulu, usenokungabi nazimpawu. Uninzi lwexesha, ithumba le-GIST lifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo, njengokuhlolwa kwesisu, okanye ngexesha lotyando olunye.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iqhuma likhula, okanye kuxhomekeke kwindawo elikuyo, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela. Nazi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukuziva isisu sibuhlungu okanye singakhululekanga . Oku kungaba kukuvakalelwa kukuba uzele okanye kukho into ebambeke esiswini sakho.
• Igazi elikwisitulo sakho okanye isitulo esinamabala egazi. Ngamanye amaxesha isitulo sinokuba mnyama mnyama, nto leyo ekwaluphawu lokopha ngaphakathi.
• Ukuqhinwa kuthetha ukungaphumi kwamathumbu kangangeentsuku ezininzi.
• SolokoNdiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu kwaye ndidiniwe . Ngokungathi akukho bomi emzimbeni.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokuzama.
• I-Anorexia ithetha ukungafuni ukutya.
• Ukuhlanza igazi . Olu luphawu olunzima kancinci.

Ukuba sele unamava olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu kangangexesha elithile, kububulumko ukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe, endaweni yokuzibuza nje, "Yintoni leyo?"

Zithini izizathu ze-GIST?

Ixesha elininzi, i-GIST ikhula xa kukho utshintsho, okanye utshintsho, kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-KIT emzimbeni wethu. Cinga ngayo le gene ye-KIT ifana nesithunywa esincinci esixelela ezinye iiseli kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya ukuba "zahlule kwaye zande." Ngoko ke, xa kukho isiphene kule gene, ezo seli ziqala ukwahlukana kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zingalawuleki. Elo qhuma, okanye i-GIST, lenziwa xa ezo seli zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Olu tshintsho lwe-gene ludla ngokwenzeka emva kokuba sizelwe, ngexesha lobomi bethu. Asinto ezuzwe ngabazali kubantwana.

Le gene ye-KIT ixelela iiseli ukuba zenze iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi -KIT CD117 . Le proteni ivuselela ukwahlukana kweeseli kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kwi-GIST, le nkqubo iyaphazama, ibangela ukuba kubekho iithumba.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona zinqabile kakhulu, ezinye iimeko zofuzo zinokunyusa kancinci umngcipheko wokufumana i-GIST. Ezinye zezi meko ziquka:

• Isifo se-GIST seentsapho: Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba isiphene kwi-KIT gene sifunyanwa ngabazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umngcipheko wokufumana i-GIST uyanda. Kwakhona, i-GIST inokukhula isencinci kunesiqhelo kwaye kunokukhula iithumba ezingaphezulu kwesinye.
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1: Esi sisifo esibangelwa yimfuza. Sibangela ukuba iintlobo ezithile zeeseli zikhule ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze iithumba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. I-GIST lolunye uhlobo lwethumba olunokukhula ngale ndlela.
• I-Carney-Stratakis syndrome: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu, efunyanwa njengelifa. Abantu abanale meko nabo basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-GIST kunabanye.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-GIST?

Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, ukuba sele zikho ixesha elingakanani, aze emva koko enze uvavanyo lomzimba . Oku kuthetha izinto ezifana nokuva isisu sakho.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-GIST, ubungakanani bayo, kunye nokuba isasazekile na. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-endoscopy ephezulu:Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu enekhamera encinci ngomlomo wakho uze uhlole ingaphakathi lomqala wakho, umphimbo (umbhobho wokutya), kunye nesisu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kukho nantoni na, njengeqhubu.
• I-CT scan: Oku kusebenzisa i-X-ray ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi kwesisu sakho. Oku kunokunceda ekumiseleni ubungakanani kunye nendawo yeqhuma.
• Iskeni yePositron emission tomography (PET): Olu lukwaluhlobo olukhethekileyo lweskeni. Lunceda ekufumaniseni ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisebenza kangakanani na nokuba zisasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• I-Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-GIST. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu esiphuma kwiqhubu uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali yezifo . Oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba yi-GIST okanye enye into. Ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy ingenziwa ngaxeshanye ne-endoscopy.

Iphathwa njani i-GIST?

Umntu oyintloko onyanga i-GIST ngugqirha we-oncologist . I-GIST idla ngonyango ngotyando lokususa ithumba. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lonyango olufanelekileyo kuwe luya kuxhomekeka kwinto efunyenwe luvavanyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba oogqirha baza kujonga izinto ezifana nobukhulu bethumba, apho likhoyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke (lisasazeke) na ukusuka apho laqala khona.

Umzekelo:

• Ukuba iqhuma lincinci kakhulu, ugqirha wakho we-oncology unokukwazi ukulisusa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Emva koko, akukho nyango lufunekayo.
• Kodwa ukuba ithumba likhulu kakhulu okanye likwindawo enzima ukulihlinza, ugqirha wakho we-oncologist unokugqiba ekubeni akunike uhlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-target therapy ukuze linciphise ithumba ngaphambi kotyando. La mayeza ajolise kwaye ahlasele izinto ezithile ezinceda iiseli ze-GIST zikhule. Oku kunciphisa ithumba kwaye kwenza kube lula ukulihlinza. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu nyango lujoliswe kulo lunokuqhubeka emva kotyando ukuze kuthintelwe i-GIST ukuba ingabuyi.

Khumbula, ayizizo zonke izigulane ze-GIST ezifumana unyango olufanayo. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuxoxa nawe ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, unyango lwe-GIST lunokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango olujoliswe kulo:

• Ukuthintela
• Urhudo (intlungu yesisu)
• Ukudinwa nokudinwa
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Isicaphucaphu (ukuziva ngathi uhlanza)

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lotyando:

• Iimpendulo kwi-anesthesia (umz., isiyezi, ukuhlanza)
• Intlungu kwindawo yotyando
• Ukopha

Ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azenzeki kuye wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana ezininzi zazo, ngelixa abanye bengenakufumana naziphi na. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi. Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokulawulwa.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele emva koko ukuba ndine-GIST?

Nokuba unyango lugqityiwe, ugqirha wakho womhlaza uza kuqhubeka ekujonga. Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kucelwa ukuba uze kutyelelo lokulandelela ngamaxesha athile ukuze ujonge ukuba uphilile na kwaye usempilweni kangakanani na. Olu tyelelo ludla ngokuba rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu.

Ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, akuhlole, kwaye angenza nezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana neeskeni, ukuze abone ukuba i-GIST ibuye na okanye isabela njani kunyango. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo luquka:

• Iiskeni ze-CT zesibindi kunye ne-pelvis.
• Iiskeni ze-MRI (iiskeni ze-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) .
• Ii-PET scans ukuze zibone impendulo kwiindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba kufuneka wenze olu vavanyo kangaphi, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda nge-GIST?

Le yingxaki ebucayi. Izinga lokusinda komntu one-GIST liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela oku. Umzekelo, ubungakanani bethumba xa i-GIST ifunyaniswa, ukuba isebenza kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nendlela ithumba elisabela ngayo kunyango.

Ngokwedatha eqokelelwe kwizikhungo ezifana ne-US National Cancer Institute (NCI) , malunga ne-85% yabantu abane-GIST basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba isifo sifunyenwe.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ubona izibalo ezinje, kufuneka ugcine izinto ezimbalwa engqondweni:

• Ezi ziingqikelelo nje: zisekelwe kumava abantu abaninzi abaye baba ne-GIST ngaphambili. Imeko yakho isenokuba yahlukile kakhulu. Umzekelo, ubudala bakho kunye nokuba unezinye iimeko zempilo zinokuchaphazela la manani.
• La manani ayimbali: idatha iqokelelwa phantse rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngoko ke, impembelelo yonyango lwamva nje ayifakwanga kula manani. Ngonyango olutsha, la manani angaphucuka nangakumbi.
• Amanqanaba okusinda kunye nokulindeleke ukuba umntu aphile ubomi obude zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: Amanqanaba okusinda awakuxeleli ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani. Idatha yexesha lokuphila inzima kakhulu ukuyifumana kubantu abane-GIST.

Ngoko ke, musa ukudinwa ngala manani. Ukuba unemibuzo, buza ugqirha wakho wezifo zomhlaza. Uya kukwazi ukuchaza indlela ezi zibalo ezisebenza ngayo kwimeko yakho.

Uzinyamekela njani?

Ukunyamekela impilo yakho iyonke yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza, ngexesha nasemva konyango lwe-GIST.

• Yitya kakuhle: Zama ukutya ukutya okwahlukeneyo okuneproteni eninzi, amafutha aphantsi, kwaye kangangoko unako. Faka imifuno eluhlaza, imifuno, kunye neziqhamo ekutyeni kwakho kwemihla ngemihla. Ukutya okunesondlo kuya kunika umzimba wakho amandla okuchacha ngokukhawuleza.
• Yenza umthambo: Ukugula kunokuba yingxaki. Ngelixa usalulama emva konyango, umthambo olula (njengokuhamba) unokukunceda unciphise uxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo omtsha okanye ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umthambo obuwenza.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lwecuba (kuquka icuba le-elektroniki) kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza omtsha, kunye nomngcipheko wokuba i-GIST ibuyele umva.

Imeko efana ne-GIST isenokungabangeli naziphi na iimpawu ezinkulu ekuqaleni. Nokuba unjalo, unokucinga ukuba kukungagayi kakuhle kokutya okanye umkhuhlane wesisu. Ngoko ke, ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo somhlaza esingaqhelekanga esifana nesi kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kakhulu. Ukuba unale meko, zinike ixesha lokufunda ngesi sifo singaqhelekanga kunye neendlela zonyango onazo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lunokunciphisa iimpawu zakho kwaye lunyange ne-GIST. Uya kuba nemibuzo emininzi. Iqela lakho lezonyango liya kuba lapho ukuphendula yonke kwaye likuxhase.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Nangona i-GIST yinto omele uyoyike, yimeko enokuba nemiphumo emihle ukuba uyayiqonda kwaye ufumana unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

• Musa ukuyityeshela: Ukuba unentlungu yesisu engaqhelekanga, engapheliyo, iimpawu zokopha, okanye ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile: Kufuneka uvavanyo olulodwa ukuze kufunyanwe i-GIST. Ngoko ke, funa uluvo lwengcali.
• Kukho unyango: Kukho unyango olusebenzayo lwe-GIST, olufana notyando kunye nonyango olujoliswe kulo.
• Awuwedwa: iqela lakho lezonyango, usapho, kunye nabahlobo baya kukunceda kolu hambo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala uqinile kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zonyango.

Ithumba lesisu, i-GIST, umhlaza, inkqubo yokwetyisa, i-KIT gene, utyando, unyango olujoliswe kulo