Ngaba unomhlaza entliziyweni yakho? Masifunde ngomhlaza wentliziyo.

Usenokuba awuzange ucinge nokuba umhlaza wentliziyo unokuvela. Asiva kangako ngawo. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha ukufumanisa esi sifo ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-Heart Cancer ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni uMhlaza weNtliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wentliziyo kukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli zomhlaza entliziyweni yakho okanye ezijikeleze intliziyo yakho, zenze ithumba. Lo mhlaza unokuqala entliziyweni ngokwayo, okanye ungasasazeka uye entliziyweni usuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Ngoku khangela, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto:

1. Umhlaza weNtliziyo oPhambili: Kulapho umhlaza uqala khona ngqo kwiiseli zentliziyo. Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wentliziyo oyintloko kubantu abadala yi-Angiosarcoma. Olu luhlobo lwethumba elibi, okanye elinomhlaza, elikhula kwizicubu ezithambileyo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-sarcoma zinokukhula entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi emikhulu edibana nentliziyo (njenge-aorta kunye nemithambo ye-pulmonary).

2. Umhlaza Wentliziyo Wesibini: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Oku kuxa iiseli zomhlaza ezivela kwenye indawo yomzimba, njengemiphunga, ibele, okanye izintso, zisasazeka ziye entliziyweni. Umhlaza osasazeka ngale ndlela ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-metastatic. Enyanisweni, umhlaza wentliziyo wesibini uxhaphake ngokuphindwe ka-30-40 kunee-primary heart cancers. Umhlaza ovela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengebele, umphimbo, ulusu, imiphunga, kunye nezintso, unokusasazeka uye entliziyweni. Umhlaza kwi-thymus gland, i-leukemia, kunye ne-lymphoma nawo unokusasazeka uye entliziyweni.

Khawucinge ngoku: Abantu abangaphantsi kwama-200,000 baba nomhlaza wentliziyo wokuqala minyaka le. Iithumba zentliziyo nazo azixhaphakanga. Kwakhona, malunga ne-9 kwi-10 yezi thumba zentliziyo zokuqala azinabungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba azinamhlaza.

Kutheni umhlaza wentliziyo ungaqhelekanga kangaka?

Usenokuzibuza ukuba kutheni le ntliziyo ingenawo amathuba amaninzi okufumana umhlaza. Kukho isizathu soko. Intliziyo yakho yenziwe zizicubu ezidityanisiweyo kunye neeseli zemisipha. Ezi seli zizihlaziya kancinci kancinci. Ngenxa yoko, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuba ngumhlaza.

Iiseli zomhlaza zikhula kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza kwizicubu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Epithelial tissue)`. Olu hlobo lwezicubu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Epithelial tissue)` luzihlaziya ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba kwenzeke impazamo ethile `(mutation)` ngexesha lokwahlukana kweeseli kwaye umhlaza uya kwenzeka. Amalungu amaninzi agqunywe yile `(Epithelial tissue)`. Le tissue ikwafumaneka nasemabeleni. Yiyo loo nto umhlaza udla ngokubonakala kwiindawo ezifana nebele, ikoloni, ipancreas, imiphunga, kunye nolusu.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wentliziyo?

Enye yeempawu eziphambili zomhlaza wentliziyo kukusilela kwentliziyo ngequbuliso, okungachazwanga.Ukuba umhlaza ucinezela igumbi lentliziyo, okanye ukuba ukhula ngaphakathi entliziyweni kwaye uphazamisana nomsebenzi wevalvu, unokufumana ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo kunye nokudinwa kakhulu.

Ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza wentliziyo ziquka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia) okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi entliziyweni kukuqokelelana kolwelo olongezelelweyo olujikeleze intliziyo.
• Ukuhla ukusinda.

Kwabanye abantu, akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo de umhlaza ube sele uqhubele phambili kakhulu.

Umhlaza wentliziyo oyintloko ungasasazeka uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Usasazeka kakhulu uye kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, engumnqonqo okanye ebuchotsheni. Ungasasazeka uye nasemiphungeni. Iimpawu zokusasazeka ziquka:

• Intlungu engapheliyo yomqolo.
• Iingxaki zokudideka okanye zenkumbulo.
• Ukukhohlela igazi.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wentliziyo?

Isizathu esichanekileyo sohlobo lomhlaza olukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Angiosarcoma" asikafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba ukuvezwa kwimitha kunye neetyhefu ezithile kunokubangela ukuba kubekho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, amalungu aliqela osapho olunye afumana i-angiosarcoma yentliziyo. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba abanye abantu banezakhi zofuzo ezibenza babe sesichengeni sokufumana lo mhlaza wentliziyo uphambili. Nangona kunjalo, sisafunda ngesiseko sezakhi zofuzo sale mihlaza emininzi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo olubizwa ngokuba yiPOT1 (ukukhuselwa kweproteni ye-telomeres 1) lunokuba yimbangela. Abantwana banokulufumana olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kumzali onalo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wentliziyo?

Enyanisweni, nabani na unokuba nomhlaza wentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50 anamathuba amancinci okufumana esi sifo kunabasetyhini. Kuthiwa abantu abatshayayo nabantu abane-AIDS banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu, kodwa idatha malunga noku incinci.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yomhlaza wentliziyo?

Umhlaza wentliziyo uchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwentliziyo yakho. Ngenxa yoko, iingxaki ezininzi ezisongela ubomi zinokwenzeka. Xa unethumba lentliziyo, usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo .

Khawucinge nje, iziqwenga ezincinci zethumba lomhlaza entliziyweni zinokuqhekeka zidlule kwimithambo yegazi. Ukuba ezi ziqwenga zinamathela kwimithambo yegazi, zinokwenza ihlwili legazi. Ukuba oku kuya engqondweni, kunokubangela isifo sohlangothi, kwaye ukuba kuya emiphungeni, kunokubangela ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla (pulmonary embolism).

Ukuba umhlaza ukufutshane nevalvu yentliziyo, unokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwevalvu leyo. Emva koko, igazi alihambi kakuhle ukuya apho kufanele lihambe khona. Ukuba umhlaza ukufutshane nenkqubo yokuhambisa umbane yentliziyo, unokubangela iingxaki kwisantya sentliziyo.

Umhlaza wentliziyo unokuchaphazela i-pericardium, ingxowa encinci ejikeleze intliziyo. Oku kunokubangela ukudumba (i-pericarditis). Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukufaka i-catheter (ityhubhu ende, encinci) ukususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo nokunciphisa uxinzelelo entliziyweni yakho. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pericardiocentesis. Iiseli ezikulwelo zinokuhlolwa ukuze kuncedwe ekuxilongweni kwemeko.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wentliziyo?

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wentliziyo unqabile, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banokufumanisa gwenxa unobangela weempawu zentliziyo. Rhoqo, umntu onomhlaza wentliziyo ufunyaniswa enethumba ngelixa ekhangela unobangela weempawu zentliziyo. Kusenokufuneka wenze olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC)
• Ii-X-reyi zesifuba
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan) okanye i-MRI scan (i-magnetic resonance imaging)
• I-Echocardiogram
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• I-Coronary angiography kunye ne-cardiac catheterization
• I-Coronary computed tomography angiogram (CTA)

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wentliziyo?

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation therapy (okanye zombini) lunokunciphisa ithumba lomhlaza wentliziyo kwaye lunciphise iimpawu. Ukuba omnye umhlaza usasazeke entliziyweni (umhlaza wesibini), ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga umhlaza oyintloko.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobukhulu bethumba, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke kunye nobudala bakho. Utyando lolunye ukhetho. Ukuba ugqirha wotyando angalisusa ngokupheleleyo ithumba, lunokwandisa ubomi bakho. Olu tyando lunzima kakhulu. Kungcono ukuba lwenziwe kwiziko leengcali. Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha botyando basusa intliziyo yakho, bayityande, baze bayityale kwakhona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"autotransplantation". Ngexesha lotyando, umatshini upompa igazi lakho, njengezinye iindlela zotyando lwentliziyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukufakelwa intliziyo okanye kwanentliziyo yokwenziwa inokuba lukhetho.

Usenokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lwezonyango oluvavanya unyango olutsha oluthembisayo olusekwisigaba sophando. Abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ukufumanisa isifo kwangethuba, ukuphucula unyango olukhoyo, kunye nokufumana unyango olutsha.

Ngaba umhlaza wentliziyo unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango lupheleleyo lomhlaza wentliziyo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki zonyango

Ezinye zezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo okanye iingxaki zonyango lomhlaza wentliziyo zingabandakanya:

• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo.
• Ukopha.
• Amahlwili egazi.
• Iintsholongwane.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unomhlaza wentliziyo?

Umhlaza wentliziyo kunzima kakhulu ukuwunyanga. Emva konyango, unokuphinda ubuye uze usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ngokwesiqhelo, umyinge wobomi emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza wentliziyo ngaphandle kotyando umalunga neenyanga ezintandathu. Ukuba utyando lunokwenzeka, ungaphila ixesha elingaphezu konyaka. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho abantu abanokuphila iminyaka eliqela emva kokuba ithumba lisusiwe ngokupheleleyo (ukususwa ngokupheleleyo).

Kwizihlunu zentliziyo zokuqala, izinga lokusinda kunyaka wokuqala liyi-50%. Ngonyaka wesithathu, lihla liye kwi-24%, kwaye kunyaka wesihlanu, lehla liye kwi-19%. Ingqikelelo yesifo sezihlunu zentliziyo zesibini ayilunganga kangako.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ufanele ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba unezi mpawu:

• Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo yakho okanye kwi-rhythm.
• Intlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Intlungu engapheliyo yomqolo.
• Iingxaki zokudideka okanye zenkumbulo.
• Ukukhohlela igazi.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Xa ufumana uxilongo olunzima ngolu hlobo, ubomi bakho bunokuziva ngathi buyaguqulwa. Kodwa bunokukunika ukuqonda okucacileyo koko kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Unyango lunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho kwaye lukunike isiqabu. Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza wentliziyo endinalo?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olunokundinceda?
• Ndingazilawula njani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele iimpawu zeengxaki?

Ukuthetha nomcebisi kunokukunceda ujongane neemvakalelo ozivakalelwayo xa ufumana uxilongo olunzima olufana nolu. Ukuba umntu uzimisele ukukunceda, ungoyiki ukucela into oyifunayo. Basenokungazi ukuba bangakunceda njani, kodwa baya kufumana indlela yokunceda.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo esifanele siyithathele ekhaya kolu lwazi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umhlaza wentliziyo yimeko engaqhelekanga nenzima ukuyinyanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele, njengoko ezinye zeempawu zinokufana nezinye izifo zentliziyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu zesifo sentliziyo, ingakumbi ukuphefumla okukhawulezileyo, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ukudinwa okungachazekiyo. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukwandisa ubomi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Ukujongana nesifo esifana nesi kunokuba nzima ngokweemvakalelo kuwe nakusapho lwakho. Ngoko ke, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo koogqirha, kusapho, kubahlobo, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kubacebisi. Khumbula, awuwedwa.

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