Ingaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphuma kwamanzi? Masithethe ngesifo sikaHirschsprung

Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala ngezinto ezincinci kunye novuyo lokuzisa umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa ekhaya, akunjalo? Abazali baxhalabele ngakumbi ukutya, ukusela, ukuhlamba, kunye nokuphuma kwendle komntwana wabo (sikubiza ngokuba ' kukuchama '). Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho akakaphumi ndle kwiintsuku ezimbini, okanye malunga neeyure ezingama-48, okanye ukuba isisu sakhe sidumbile kwaye siqinile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko apho abanye abantwana bazalwa nayo ebizwa ngokuba yiHirschsprung's Disease.

Yintoni isifo sikaHirschsprung?

Ngamafutshane, iSifo sikaHirschsprung sisifo umntwana wakho azalwa naso (oko kukuthi, imeko yokuzalwa). Sibangela ukuba ukuhamba kwendle kwinxalenye yamathumbu amakhulu omntwana wakho (ikholoni) kunciphe okanye kume ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha basibiza ngokuba yi-"congenital megacolon."

Cinga nje, xa sisitya ukutya, kufuneka kugaywe kwaye kukhutshwe njengenkunkuma. Ukuze le nkqubo yenzeke ngokufanelekileyo, izihlunu zamathumbu ethu kufuneka zinciphe kwaye ziphumle. Oku kubonakaliswa ziiseli zemithambo-luvo. Kumntwana onesifo sikaHirschsprung , iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisekupheleni kwamathumbu amakhulu, kufutshane ne-anus, azikhuliswanga ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zikhethekileyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-"neural crest cells."

Ngoko ke, xa indle idlula emathunjini omntwana ize ifikelele kwindawo apho iiseli zemithambo-luvo zingasebenzi kakuhle, iyavaleka kwaye ayikwazi ukudlula. Kulapho kuvela khona ukuqhinwa. Ukuba le meko ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu . Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Isifo sikaHirschsprung asisisifo sixhaphakileyo. Sichaphazela umntu omnye kwabangama-5,000 abazelweyo . Sikwaxhaphake kathathu ukuya kane kubafana kunakumantombazana.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Abanye abantwana banokuba nokuvaleka kwamathumbu xa bezalwa ngenxa yesifo sikaHirschsprung. Ukuba umntwana wakho akakhange aphume amathumbu kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuzalwa , oko kungaba luphawu olukhulu lwale meko. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonakala kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ziquka:

• Ukudumba kwesisu: Isisu somntwana sinokuvakala ngathi sigcwele igesi kwaye sinokuba nzima ukusichukumisa.
• Ukuqhinwa: Ukuzithuma kunzima kakhulu ukukunqumla, okanye akudluli kangangeentsuku ezininzi.
• Ukugabha: Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlanza kungaba mthubi okanye kube luhlaza.
• Urhudo: Abanye abantwana basenokuba norhudo endaweni yokuqhinwa.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokuncipha kwesisindo: Usana lusenokungafuni ukusela ubisi, ngoko ke lusenokungatyebi kakuhle.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni isifo sikaHirschsprung senzeka?

Xa umntwana ongekazalwa esesibelekweni, ezo seli ze-neural crest ebesithethe ngazo ngaphambili zikhula ukusuka phezulu kwamathumbu amancinci omntwana ziye ezantsi ukuya kwi-anus. Nangona kunjalo, kubantwana abaneSifo sikaHirschsprung, ezi seli ze-nerve ziyayeka ukukhula ndaweni ithile emathunjini amakhulu. Oogqirha abasazi ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaphantsi kwama-20%, esi sifo sinokubonwa sidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza .

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo?

Ukuba umntu kusapho, njengomzali okanye umntakwenu, unesi sifo, kukho umngcipheko othile wokuba nomntwana uza kusifumana. Ukongeza, iintsana ezinezi meko zilandelayo nazo zisengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa siSifo sikaHirschsprung:

• Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo ozelwe naso .
• Ukuba une- Down syndrome .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesi sifo?

Malunga nama-40% eentsana ezinesifo sikaHirschsprung ziba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-enterocolitis. Oku kubangela ukuba amathumbu amancinci namakhulu omntwana avuvuke aze osuleleke. Nangona oku kuncinci kwezinye iintsana, kunokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba kube yingozi ebomini kwabanye. Ukuba i-enterocolitis enzima ikhula, umntwana unokuba nomkhuhlane aze ngequbuliso abe nesifo sorhudo esinzima.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba iSifo sikaHirschsprung asinyangwa kakuhle, sinokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi ezifana nezi:

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* Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu amakhulu: Kule meko, ukuhamba kokutya emathunjini amakhulu omntwana kuyayeka ngokupheleleyo.

* I-megacolon enetyhefu: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa esongela ubomi. Amathumbu amakhulu omntwana ayavuvukala kakhulu aze akhule. Igesi kunye nendle azikwazi ukudlula emathunjini avuvukileyo zize zivaleleke. Oku kwandisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi emathunjini, okuvumela iintsholongwane ukuba zingene egazini. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Enterocolitis' kunye ne-'Sepsis'. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, umngxuma ('ukugqobhoza') emathunjini unokwenzeka.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubonwa ziquka:

• Ukuhamba kwamathumbu rhoqo ngaphandle kokuzithandela.
• Urhudo.
• Ifiva.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle.
• Ukuqhinwa okuqatha.
• Ukudumba kwesisu.
• Ukuhlanza.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa ubona iimpawu.

Isifo sikaHirschsprung sifunyanwa njani?

Xa usisa umntwana wakho kugqirha, into yokuqala oyenzayo kukuwuva isisu somntwana. Bajonga ukudumba, iintlungu, kunye nokuvaleka kwendle. Emva koko, bajonga i-rectum ukuze babone ukuba akukho na indle eqokeleleneyo.

Ukongeza, ugqirha angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo:

• I-X-reyi: I-X-reyi yesisu ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba akukho nto ivalelekileyo emathunjini.
• I-enema yokwahlulahlula: Kule nto, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter nge-anus yomntwana. Ulwelo olukhuselekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-contrast luthunyelwa ngetyhubhu lungene emathunjini. Emva koko, kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe indlela ulwelo oluhamba ngayo emathunjini. Oku kunokunceda ukubona ngokuchanekileyo ukuba kukho na ukuvaleka okanye ukuncitshiswa kwamathumbu.
• I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo ukususa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu ezisekupheleni kwamathumbu amakhulu omntwana (i-rectum). Emva koko ingcali yezifo ijonga izicubu phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo esithethe ngazo zikhona na. Olu vavanyo alubuhlungu kumntwana, kwaye akukho mfuneko ye-anesthesia.

Isifo sikaHirschsprung sinyangwa kwaye silawulwa njani?

Akukho nyango lweSifo sikaHirschsprung. Nangona kunjalo, utyando lungasetyenziswa ukunyanga esi sifo ngempumelelo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando: inkqubo yokutsalwa kunye notyando lwe-ostomy.

Inkqubo yokutsalwa

Olu lolona tyando luqhelekileyo noluqhelekileyo kwisifo sikaHirschsprung. Kolu tyando, ugqirha ususa inxalenye yamathumbu amakhulu omntwana angenazo iiseli zemithambo-luvo aze adibanise inxalenye ephilileyo yamathumbu ngqo kwi-anus. Olu tyando lungenziwa nge-laparoscopically (ngokusikwa okuncinci okumbalwa) okanye ngokwesiqhelo. Umntwana uyaphila ngokukhawuleza emva kolu tyando.

Utyando lwe-Ostomy

Ezinye iintsana zisenokufuna utyando lwe-ostomy ngaphambi okanye ngexesha elinye nenkqubo yokutsalwa. Le isenokuba yi-colostomy (inkqubo yamathumbu amakhulu) okanye i-ileostomy (inkqubo yamathumbu amancinci).

Kule nkqubo, oogqirha bancamathisela inxalenye yamathumbu amakhulu okanye amathumbu amancinci kulusu lwesisu somntwana. Endaweni ye-anus yomntwana, indle yomntwana iphuma ngomngxuma obizwa ngokuba yi-"stoma." I-"ostomy bag" incamathiselwa emzimbeni womntwana ukuze kuqokelelwe indle. Oku kudla ngokuba yinto yexeshana. Kamva, isuswa kolunye utyando, kugqitywe "inkqubo yokutsalwa."

Unyango olongezelelweyo

Ukongeza kotyando, olu nyango lunokuba luncedo:

• Ulawulo lwamathumbu: Indlela esebenzisa amayeza kunye/okanye i-enemas ukugcina imikhwa yamathumbu esempilweni kumntwana.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo-luvo yesacral: Ugqirha wotyando ufaka isixhobo esincinci emqolo ongezantsi ukunceda ukulawula amathumbu kunye nolawulo lwesinyi.
• I-Biofeedback: Le yindlela yokunyanga esifundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula imisebenzi yomzimba esingaziqondiyo ukuba sinayo, njengokuhambisa amathumbu.

Ziziphi iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho emva kotyando olukhutshwayo?

Iintsana ezineSifo sikaHirschsprung zihlala ziphila ngokukhawuleza emva kotyando "lokutsalwa." Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsana zinokufumana ezi ngxaki zilandelayo nasemva kokuphola:

• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba kwindle.
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Usulelo lwamathumbu (i-Enterocolitis).

Ukuba ezi ngxaki zivela, ugqirha wotyando lomntwana wakho mhlawumbi nogqirha wezifo zesisu uya kukunceda uzilawule.

Umntwana uza kuphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, umntwana uya kuqala ukuziva ngcono kakhulu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kotyando. Khumbula, nangona isifo sikaHirschsprung singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, utyando lunokufezekisa iziphumo eziphumelelayo kakhulu.

Injani imeko emva kotyando?

Emva kotyando, ezinye iintsana zisenokuqhubeka nokuqhina, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba, kunye nosulelo lwamathumbu. Nangona kunjalo, ngolawulo lwezonyango olude kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantwana lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuqhina okukhulu kunye nobunzima bokulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu abo.

Ngaba ndingayithintela iSifo sikaHirschsprung?

Ngelishwa, akukho mntu unokuthintela isifo sikaHirschsprung. Ukuba unesi sifo, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba naso, kungaba ngumbono olungileyo ukubonana nomcebisi wezemfuza ngaphambi kokuba uqalise usapho.

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam ukuba ajongane nesifo sikaHirschsprung?

Emva kotyando, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba alawule le meko:

• Isikhokelo sesondlo: Ungacela ingcebiso kwingcali yesondlo malunga nokutya okufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho kunye noko unokukwenza ukuthintela ukuqhinwa.
• Unyango oluqhubekayo oluvela kwiingcali kunye nabahlengikazi: Ukuhlolwa ngugqirha wezifo zamathumbu kunye nomongikazi oqeqeshwe kule nkalo kubalulekile.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Biofeedback / ukuvuselelwa komgangatho we-pelvic: Oku kunceda ukuphucula ulawulo lwamathumbu.
• Inkxaso evela kwingcali yezengqondo okanye kubasebenzi bezentlalo: Umntwana kunye nosapho banokufumana inkxaso yengqondo ukubanceda bajongane nalo mceli mngeni.

Soloko uthetha noogqirha bomntwana wakho. Baza kukunceda ukhethe ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye neendlela zonyango zomntwana wakho.

Ndifanele ndimxelele nini ugqirha ngesifo sikaHirschsprung somntwana wam?

Emva kotyando, ingakumbi kunyaka wokuqala, iintsana zinokuba nosulelo lwamathumbu (i-enterocolitis). Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa naziphi na ezi mpawu, yazisa ugqirha ngoko nangoko:

• Ukopha okuphuma emqolo.
• Urhudo.
• Ifiva.
• Ukudumba kwesisu.
• Ukuhlanza.

Khumbula, ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa enesifo sikaHirschsprung akuthethi ukuba akanakuphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo. Le meko inganyangeka ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elingaphambi kotyando linokuba luxinzelelo olukhulu kuwe. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye usoyika xa ujongene nosana olusandul' ukuzalwa. Cela uncedo kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho. Bavumele bakuncede ngemisebenzi yasekhaya kunye nokupheka. Emva koko ungachitha ixesha nomntwana wakho kwaye uphumle.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• Isifo sikaHirschsprung sisifo esibangelwa kukuzalwa kwabantwana abathile, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokukhupha indle ngenxa yokuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo emathunjini amakhulu azikhuli kakuhle.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezifana nokungashukumi kakuhle kwamathumbu, ukudumba, okanye ukuhlanza kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuzalwa, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Esi sifo singaqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.
• Inkqubo yokutsalwa kwesisu yeyona ndlela iphambili yonyango. Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lwe-ostomy lunokwenziwa okwethutyana.
• Emva konyango, uninzi lweentsana lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ulwalathiso oluqhubekayo lwezonyango.
• Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso koogqirha nakusapho.

Ndikunqwenelela umntwana wakho ukuba aphile ngokukhawuleza!

Isifo sikaHirschsprung , isifo sikaHirschsprung, ukuqhinwa kosana, i-megacolon yokuzalwa, utyando lwamathumbu, unyango lwabantwana, inkqubo yokutsalwa, i-ostomy