Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba siwabiza njani kanye kanye amagama, siginye ukutya, okanye silawule ulwimi lwethu xa silukhupha size sivule imilomo yethu? Ulwimi lwethu ludlala indima ephambili koku. Kodwa ulwimi alunakwenza ezi zinto lodwa. Lufuna ukufumana imiqondiso efanelekileyo evela engqondweni. Namhlanje sithetha ngemithambo-luvo ekhethekileyo ezisa ezo miqondiso zibalulekileyo kulwimi. Loo mithambo-luvo yi-hypoglossal, okanye `(Hypoglossal Nerve)`.
Yintoni i-Hypoglossal Nerve?
Ngamafutshane, le yenye yee-12 ezikhethekileyo zemithambo-luvo ezivela ngqo engqondweni yethu. Kwizonyango, ezi mithambo-luvo zili-12 sizibiza ngokuba yimithambo-luvo yentloko. Kufana nee-12 ezikhethekileyo ezivela ebuchotsheni, eyiofisi ephambili yomzimba wethu. Eyeshumi elinesibini kwezi (imithambo-luvo yentloko ye-12) yimithambo-luvo ye-hypoglossal.
Intsingiselo yale gama kukuba ngesiGrike, igama elithi "hypo" lithetha "phantsi." Igama elithi "glossal" lithetha "ulwimi." Oko kukuthi, igama libhekisa kumthambo ofumaneka "phantsi kolwimi."
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le yi -motor nerve . Oko kuthetha ukuba ayinazo iimvakalelo, kodwa ilawula intshukumo. Le nerve isebenza njengocingo oluthumela imiyalelo esuka engqondweni iye kwimisipha yolwimi ukuba "ihambe ngale ndlela," "ifinyeze ngale ndlela," kwaye "ihambe phambili."
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yale nerve?
Khawuthelekelele, utya isidlo esimnandi. Ulwimi lukunceda ukuhambisa ukutya emlonyeni wakho, ukuhlafuna, ukuxube kakuhle namathe, uze ukuthumele emphinjeni wakho, oko kukuthi, ukuginye. Kwakhona, xa sibiza oonobumba abafana no-"ல, ர, ந, ன" zingaphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo ulwimi oluhamba ngazo? Zonke ezi ntshukumo, zonke ezi zenzo zincinci, zilawulwa ziimpawu ezivela kule nerve ye-hypoglossal.
Izinto eziphambili ezisincedayo yile mithambo-luvo zezi:
- Thetha: Vanda amagama ngokucacileyo uze ushukumise izihlunu zolwimi ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ginya ukutya: Yenza ibhola yokutya emlonyeni wakho uze uyityhale iye emqaleni wakho.
- Shukumisa izinto emlonyeni wakho: Kwizinto ezinje ngokushukumisa ukutya phakathi kwamazinyo akho xa uhlafuna, kunye nokushukumisa amanzi emlonyeni wakho xa uhlamba umlomo wakho.
- Yenza izandi ezahlukeneyo ngomlomo wakho: Le nerve ikwanceda abanye abantu ukuba benze izinto ezifana nesandi 'sokucofa' abasenzayo ngolwimi lwabo.
Ngamafutshane, umthambo we-hypoglossal ngowona uqhubayo kuyo nayiphi na intshukumo oyenzayo ngolwimi lwakho.
Indlela le mithambo-luvo ehamba ngayo emzimbeni wethu (i-Anatomy)
Le mithambo-luvo iqala ezantsi kwengqondo yethu, kufutshane nalapho intambo yomgogodla iqala khona. Le ndawo siyibiza ngokuba yi-brainstem. Ukusuka apho, le mithambo-luvo ihamba umgama omde iye elulwimini.
Oku kufana nomendo omncinci osuka engqondweni uye elulwimini. Usendleleni:
1. Okokuqala, sehla ngenxalenye yomqolo wesibeleko.
2. Emva koko, imithambo yegazi emibini emikhulu ebaluleke kakhulu entanyeni (umthambo we-carotid kunye nomthambo we-jugular) idluliselwa ngononophelo.
3. Ukusuka apho, ivela ngasemva komphimbo ize ifikelele ezantsi komlomo, oko kukuthi, apho ulwimi lukhoyo.
4. Ekugqibeleni, amasebe amancinci ayahlukana aze adibane nemisipha eyahlukeneyo yolwimi, nganye ifumana imiyalezo evela engqondweni.
Ukuba kukho ingozi, uxinzelelo, okanye ukugula naphi na kule ndlela, umsebenzi wale mithambo-luvo unokuphazamiseka.
Zeziphi izifo ezingonakalisa le mithambo-luvo?
Ngelishwa, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo kunye neengozi zingonakalisa le mithambo-luvo ibalulekileyo. Xa oko kusenzeka, umsebenzi wolwimi uqala ukuwohloka. Makhe sijonge izizathu eziphambili.
| Imeko/Isizathu | Indlela echaphazela ngayo imithambo-luvo |
|---|---|
| Istroke | Xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwinxalenye yengqondo kuyeka, imithambo-luvo elawula loo nxalenye iyeka ukusebenza. Ukuba inxalenye yengqondo elawula le mithambo-luvo yonakele, ulwimi lunokulahlekelwa kukusebenza. |
| Umhlaza weNtloko neNtlambo | Iithumba ezinomhlaza ezikhula kwiindawo ezifana nomlomo nomqala zinokucinezela le mithambo-luvo. Le mithambo-luvo inokonakala ngexesha lotyando okanye unyango lwemitha yomhlaza. |
| I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Esi sisifo se-motor neuron. Ngamafutshane, sisifo esitshabalalisa kancinci kancinci imithambo-luvo ethwala imiqondiso esuka ebuchotsheni ukuya kwimisipha. Xa esi sifo sinzima, imithambo-luvo ye-hypoglossal nayo inokuba yingozi. |
| Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kokulala | Le mithambo-luvo ikwalawula izihlunu ezingasemva komphimbo. Ukuba ezi zihlunu ziphumla kakhulu xa ulele, ulwimi lunokubuyela umva luze luvale indlela yomoya. Yiyo le nto ibangela ukuyeka ukuphefumla ngequbuliso xa urhona. |
| Usulelo lobuchopho (i-Encephalitis) | Ukuba ingqondo iyadumba ngenxa yosulelo, ukudumba kunokucinezela le mithambo-luvo esezantsi kwengqondo. |
| Iingozi ezinzulu (Ukwenzakala) | Le mithambo-luvo inokunqunyulwa okanye ityunyuzwe ngenxa yokwenzakala entanyeni ngenxa yeengozi zeemoto, ukuwa, okanye ezinye iingozi ezinzulu. |
Zithini iimpawu zomonakalo?
Xa umthambo we-hypoglossal wonakele, iziphumo zawo zivakala ngokuthe ngqo kulwimi. Uninzi lwexesha, lo mthambo wonakele kwicala elinye kuphela (ngasekunene okanye ngasekhohlo). Oku kubangela ubuthathaka kwicala lolwimi .
Eyona nto iphambili neyona iqondakala lula yile:
Xa ukhupha ulwimi lwakho ngokuthe tye, luya kutsalwa kwicala elonakeleyo . Umzekelo, ukuba umthambo okwicala lasekunene wonakele, xa ukhupha ulwimi lwakho, luya kutsalwa ngasekunene.
Isizathu soku kukuba yimisipha ekwicala elihle lolwimi (icala lasekhohlo) kuphela etyhalwayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ulwimi lutyhalwe kwicala elibuthathaka (icala lasekunene).
Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Ubunzima bokuthetha (iDysarthria): Amagama ayaxaka kwaye awakwazi ukubizwa kakuhle.
- Ubunzima bokuginya (iDysphagia): Ukuziva ngathi uyakrwitshwa xa uginya ukutya okanye isiselo.
- Ukuwohloka kwemisipha yolwimi: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imisipha ekwicala elonakeleyo lolwimi iyancipha kancinci kancinci ize ibe ncinci ngenxa yokungabikho kwemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukuthamba: Izihlunu ezikumphezulu wolwimi ziyashukuma, ngokungathi zishukunyiswa ziintshulube. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kwizifo ezifana ne-ALS.
Isilumkiso: Ukuba ezi mpawu zihamba nentlungu ebukhali yentamo okanye yentloko ngequbuliso, isenokuba luphawu lomonakalo kumthambo omkhulu wegazi entanyeni ("i-internal carotid artery`). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko .
Ugqirha ujonga njani oku?
Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu ezifana nezi, uya kuqala enze uvavanyo olulula lomzimba.
- Bakucela ukuba ubeke ulwimi lwakho phambili: Apha, bajonga ukuba ulwimi lutsalwe ecaleni na.
- Ucelwa ukuba ucinezele ulwimi lwakho esidleleni sakho: Ucelwa ukuba ucinezele ulwimi lwakho kwelinye icala lesidleleni sakho, aze ugqirha abeke isandla sakhe ngaphandle aze ajonge ubungakanani boxinzelelo. Amandla omabini amacala ayathelekiswa.
- Ulwimi luyajongwa: Izihlunu zolwimi zihlolwa ngononophelo ukuze kubonakale ukuba azinazo na iimpawu zokuqaqamba okanye ukuqaqamba.
Emva kolu vavanyo lokuqala, kunokufuneka ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo weempawu.
- Iskeni se-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunceda ukujonga umonakalo wobuchopho, iithumba, okanye omnye umonakalo.
- Ukubethelwa koMgogodla/Ukubhaqwa kweLumbar: Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kosulelo okanye iiseli zomhlaza engqondweni okanye emgogodleni.
Iindlela zonyango kwaye singayikhusela njani le mithambo-luvo?
Unyango lomonakalo wemithambo-luvo ye-hypoglossal luxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukunyanga imeko engaphantsi kubaluleke kakhulu kunokunyanga imithambo-luvo ngokwayo.
Umzekelo:
- Ukuba unobangela kukukhubazeka komzimba, unyango olunxulumene nokukhubazeka komzimba kunye nokuvuselelwa komzimba kuyabonelelwa.
- Ukuba unobangela ngumhlaza, iindlela zonyango ziquka utyando, unyango ngemitha, okanye i-chemotherapy.
- Ukuba unobangela lusulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza afanelekileyo okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amanye amayeza.
Siyikhusela njani le mithambo-luvo ixabisekileyo?
Ezinye izizathu, ezinje ngeengozi, kunzima ukuba sizithintele. Nangona kunjalo, singanciphisa umngcipheko wezifo ezininzi. Oku kukhusela ngokungathanga ngqo le mithambo-luvo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko westroke kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba wakho kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sokuphefumla xa ulele.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya notywala: Zombini ezi ndlela zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umhlaza wentloko nentamo.
- Ulawulo lwezifo ezingapheliyo: Ukuba unesifo esifana ne-ALS, ungasilawula esi sifo ngokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-hypoglossal nerve yi-nerve ekhethekileyo evela ebuchosheni ebaluleke kakhulu kwintetho yethu, ekuginyeni, nakwiintshukumo zolwimi.
- Ukuba le mithambo-luvo yonakele, elinye icala lolwimi linokuba buthathaka. Uphawu oluphambili kukuba ulwimi luya kutsalela kwicala elonakeleyo xa ulubeka phambili.
- Le mithambo-luvo ingonakalisa ngenxa yeemeko ezinzulu zempilo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, umhlaza, iingozi ezinkulu, kunye ne-ALS.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha okanye yokuginya, ulwimi lwakho lubuthathaka okanye lubuthathaka, okanye uziva ngathi ulwimi lwakho lutsalela ecaleni, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza .
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, unokuzikhusela kwizifo ezininzi ezinokonakalisa le mithambo-luvo.
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