Ngaba nawe wopha kakhulu nangona unesilonda esincinci? Makhe sijonge i-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzibuze ukuba kutheni nokuba inxeba elincinci lijika libe yinxeba elikhulu, okanye kutheni inxeba elincinci lingayeki ukopha? Okanye ngaba ufumana izinto ezifana nokopha empumlweni ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukopha iintsini xa uhlamba amazinyo akho? Ukuba ezi zinto ziyenzeka rhoqo kuwe, mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele imeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yi-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia). Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula.

Yintoni i-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)?

Ngamafutshane, i-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia) yimeko apho igazi lakho linenani elincinci leeseli ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets . Ezi platelets zezona zinceda ekumiseni ukopha xa sifumana ukwenzakala kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wethu. Zenza ihlwili kwaye ziyeke ukopha . Ngoko ke, xa inani lezi platelets lincipha, igazi lakho alijiki lula. Yiyo loo nto nokwenzakala okuncinci kunokubangela ukopha okugqithisileyo, okanye unokuzilimaza nje umzimba wakho.

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ITP, kwaye igama elithi `Immune` lithetha into enxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. `I-Thrombocytopenia` lithetha iiplatelets ezisezantsi. Ngoko ke, okwenzekayo koku kukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela , amajoni asikhusela kwizifo, ngempazamo acinga ukuba iiseli zakho zeeplatelets zilutshaba lwangaphandle aze azihlasele aze azitshabalalise. Kufana nokuhlasela umntu endlwini yakho, ecinga ukuba lisela.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-ITP inokunyangeka ngamayeza okanye ngaphandle kwawo kwaye iphucuke ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, inokuba yimeko engapheliyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona iimpawu zinokulawulwa, kunzima ukuzinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Kubantu abanjalo, unyango lunokufuneka ubomi babo bonke.

Ngawaphi amanye amagama e-ITP?

Xa usiya kugqirha, banokusebenzisa amanye amagama ngaphandle kwe-ITP. Ngoko ke, kulungile ukukhumbula la magama:

• ``I-Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura''
• ``Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura''
• `Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura` (Eli gama lalisetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphambili, `Idiopathic` lithetha ukuba unobangela ochanekileyo awaziwa)
• `Isifo sikaWerlhof`
• `I-Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia`

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uyibiza ngaliphi igama, idla ngokubhekisela kwimeko efanayo yempilo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-ITP?

Enyanisweni, i-ITP yimeko engaqhelekanga . Ayisosifo esichaphazela wonke umntu. Ngokwezibalo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, malunga nabantwana abane kwikhulu lamawaka (4/100,000) kunye nabantu abadala abathathu kwikhulu lamawaka (3/100,000) bafunyanwa benale meko minyaka le. Le meko ikwabonakala naseSri Lanka, kodwa kunzima ukufumana iinkcukacha-manani ezichanekileyo ngayo. Kodwa ke, ukuba umntu unale meko, inokuba yingxaki enkulu kuye, akunjalo?

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-ITP?

Ewe, i-ITP inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

1. I-ITP ePhambili:Kulapho inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela iiplatelets zakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Malunga nama-80 ekhulwini (80%) ezigulane ze-ITP zinalo olu hlobo. "Sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba", oko kuthetha ukuba sibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba.

2. I-ITP yesibini: Oku kwenzeka xa inani leeplatelet lincipha njengesiphumo esingesihle senye imeko yezonyango esisiseko, usulelo, okanye amayeza. Umzekelo:

• Ezinye izifo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis C, okanye i-H. pylori (ibhaktheriya ebangela izilonda zesisu)
• Umhlaza wegazi
• Ezinye `(iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba)` (umz. i-lupus - SLE)
• Kusenokuba kungenxa yamayeza athile.

Oogqirha bakwahlula i-ITP ngokwexesha ebelikho ngalo:

• I-Acute ITP: Oku kudla ngokuba ngcono kwiinyanga ezintathu. Kuqheleke kakhulu ebantwaneni.
• I-ITP eqhubekayo: Oku kungathatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini (unyaka omnye).
• I-ITP engapheliyo: Oku kuhlala ixesha elingaphezu konyaka. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Zithini iimpawu ze-ITP?

Abanye abantu banokuba ne-ITP ngaphandle kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, zinokuvela kancinci kancinci okanye ngequbuliso. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• I-Petechiae: Kulapho ubona khona amabala amancinci abomvu okanye amfusa eluswini lwakho, ingakumbi emilenzeni engezantsi. Abonakala ngathi kukuqhambuka. La mabala awapheli ngokwawo.
• I-Purpura: Iipetechiae ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ziyadibana zenze amabala amakhulu abomvu, amfusa, okanye amdaka. La mancinci kunemivumbo, kodwa makhulu kunalawo mabala. Oku kubangelwa ligazi elincinci eliphuma kwimithambo yegazi emincinci phantsi kolusu.
• Idubula lula: Nokuba iqhuma elincinci naphi na linokubangela iqhuma elikhulu okanye iqhuma. Ngamanye amaxesha, iqhuma lingavela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Iintsini eziphuma igazi: Iintsini zakho zinokopha xa uhlamba amazinyo akho okanye xa umile. Iintsini zakho zinokubonakala zidumbile.
• Igazi elikwisitulo: Ukuba isitulo sakho sibonakala simnyama kakhulu, njengetha, kusenokuba kukopha ngaphakathi.
• Igazi kumchamo: Ukuba amanzi akwisitya sendlu yangasese abonakala epinki okanye ebomvu xa uchama, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo.
• Amaxesha okuya exesheni anzima kubafazi: Ukuba ukuya kwakho exesheni kuthatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwesixhenxe, okanye ukuba wopha kakhulu kunesiqhelo (`Menorrhagia`), oko kungaba luphawu lwe-ITP.
• Ukopha rhoqo ngeempumlo.
• Inxeba elikhulu (Hematoma): Ngamanye amaxesha inxeba elikhulu, elidumbileyo (`Hematoma`) linokwenzeka xa igazi elininzi liqokelelana kwindawo enye.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (Ukudinwa).

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.

Zithini izizathu ze-ITP?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, i-ITP yenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba isenza i-antibodies ngempazamo nxamnye neeplatelets zakho, ezithi emva koko zixelele ezinye iiseli zomzimba ukuba ziwatshabalalise. Xa umthambo wegazi emzimbeni wakho wonakele, iiplatelets zizo ezifika kwindawo leyo, zinamathele, zenze ihlwili legazi, kwaye ziyeke ukopha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"primary hemostasis".

Nangona kunjalo, neengcali azikacaci ukuba kutheni le nkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukuhlasela iiplatelet zayo.

Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthile lufumene:

• Kwabo bosulelwe yi-`(HIV)` (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
• Kubantu abanosulelo lwebhaktiriya olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(H. pylori)` (Helicobacter pylori) (oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezilonda zesisu kunye ne-gastritis)
• Kubantu abanesifo sesibindi esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hepatitis C)`

Kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wokufumana i-ITP. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-ITP yesibini.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-ITP?

Ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha aqinisekise ukuba unayo i-ITP, uza kuqala enze uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lomzimba ukujonga iimpawu zokopha, ukukrweleka, kunye namabala anjenge-petechiae kunye ne-purpura. Emva koko baza kubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango yangaphambili, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki zokopha.

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-ITP zinokufana nezo zezinye iingxaki zokunqandwa kwegazi okanye izifo ezinzulu ngakumbi ezifana nomhlaza wegazi, ugqirha uya kuzisusa zonke ezinye izizathu (ukuxilongwa kokungabandakanywa) ngaphambi kokuba enze ukuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo kwe-ITP.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-ITP?

Oogqirha badla ngokwenza olu vavanyo:

• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli egazini lakho, kuquka iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, ingakumbi iiplatelets . Kwi-ITP, ezi platelets zinokuba ziphantsi kakhulu.
• Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi: Kolu vavanyo, kuthathwa ithontsi legazi, lisasazwe kwisilayidi seglasi, lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba imilo kunye nobukhulu beeplatelets ziqhelekile na, okanye ukuba kukho ezinye iingxaki.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni we-HIV, i-Hepatitis C, okanye i-H. pylori, banokwenza uvavanyo lwezo zifo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-bone marrow biopsy inokwenziwa, kodwa oku akwenzelwa wonke umntu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-ITP?

Ngamaxesha amaninzi,Xa abantwana befumana i-ITP, ukuba iimpawu azikho qatha, baya kuba bhetele ngaphandle konyango. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala badla ngokufuna unyango, ingakumbi ukuba inani labo leeplatelet liphantsi kakhulu okanye ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokopha.

Ukuba udinga unyango, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunyusa inani leeplatelet zakho okanye ukuthintela amasosha omzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni iiplatelet zakho. Iindidi eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswayo zezi:

• Ii-Corticosteroids: (umz. i-Prednisolone). Ezi zisebenza ngokumisa okwethutyana ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies ezitshabalalisa iiplatelets. Ezi zinyango lokuqala.
• I-Immunoglobulin (IVIg): Eli liyeza elinikwa ngemithambo yegazi. Likwatshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye linciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelets.
• Ii-Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs): La mayeza anceda umzimba ukuba wenze iiplatelets ezininzi.
• Izinto ezithintela amasosha omzimba: (umz. iRituximab, iMycophenolate). Ezi zinciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye ziyeke ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelets.

Ukongeza kula mayeza, ugqirha unokucebisa nezinye iindlela:

• Ukunyanga usulelo olungaphantsi: Kwimeko ye-ITP yesibini, inani leeplatelet linokubuyela kwisiqhelo xa usulelo olubangele lunyangiwe.
• Ukuyeka amayeza athile: Ukuba uthatha nayiphi na imithi yokunciphisa igazi, efana ne-aspirin, eyonyusa umngcipheko wokopha, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uyeke ukuyisebenzisa.
• Utofelo-gazi oluvela kwiPlatelet: Ukuba ukopha kwakho kukhulu kakhulu kwaye inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kakhulu, unganikwa iiplatelet ezivela kumnikelo womnye umntu. Nangona kunjalo, esi sisisombululo sexeshana.
• I-Splenectomy: I-spleen yinxalenye yomzimba esusa iiseli zegazi ezindala nezonakeleyo, kunye neeplatelets eziphawulwe ngee-antibodies. Kwabanye abantu, ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azikwazi ukulawula isifo, i-spleen isuswa ngotyando. Oku kunokulawula kakhulu imeko ye-ITP. Nangona kunjalo, ukususa i-spleen kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana usulelo oluthile.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Njengalo naliphi na iyeza okanye unyango, unyango lwe-ITP lunokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga . Umzekelo, ii-corticosteroids zinokubangela ukutyeba, ukudumba kobuso, ukungalali, kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba ziyintoni na ezi zinto kwaye zibukeka njani kuwe. Ngale ndlela, unokuzazi kwangaphambili kwaye uthethe ngazo ukuba uneengxaki.

Iyintoni imbono ye-ITP?

Imbono/ukuxela kwangaphambili kuyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-ITP.

• YabantwanaUkuba i-ITP ikhula ngokukhawuleza, uninzi lwabantu luya kuphila ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle konyango kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ukuba abantu abadala bane-ITP engapheliyo, inokuba yimeko yobomi bonke. Kodwa, akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka. Uninzi lwabantu lunokulawula iimpawu zabo kakuhle ngamayeza kunye nolunye unyango kwaye baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona oogqirha bengenakuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo i-ITP, abantu abaninzi abane-ITP engapheliyo baphila kakuhle nale meko amashumi eminyaka.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-ITP, kunokufuneka uthathe amayeza ubomi bakho bonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho wenza iiplatelets ezaneleyo. Kuya kufuneka uphephe imisebenzi kunye nemikhwa ekubeka emngciphekweni wokwenzakala nokopha. Cinga ngayo, nokuba ukuwa okuncinci kunokuba yingxaki enkulu, akunjalo? Ngoko ke ziqaphele ezi zinto:

• Ziphephe imidlalo ebandakanya ukubetha, ukuwa, kunye nokudibana nomzimba onzima , njengebhola ekhatywayo, i-rugby, i-boxing, i-karate, i-basketball kunye ne-ice hockey, kangangoko unako.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho une-ITP, qiniseka ukuba unxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nesigcina-ntloko, ii-knee pads, kunye nee-elbow pads xa esenza nayiphi na imisebenzi, efana nokukhwela ibhayisekile, i-skateboarding, okanye i-roller skating.
• Xa uhamba ngemoto okanye ngeveni, soloko unxibe ibhanti yesihlalo , kwaye ungalibali ukulibopha kakuhle ibhanti yesihlalo somntwana wakho okanye ukulibeka kwisihlalo semoto.
• Ukuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza okanye izongezo zezityalo ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, thetha nogqirha wakho ngawo kwaye ufumane imvume yakhe . Amanye amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, anjenge-aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen, kunye namanye amayeza ezityalo, anokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-ITP kwaye ufumana unyango, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku:

• Ukuba ubona amanxeba amatsha ,
• Ukuba unamachaphaza amancinci abomvu (`petechiae`) eluswini lwakho,
• Ukuba uziva ngathi wopha ngokulula kunesiqhelo,

Oku kuthetha ukuba imeko yakho isenokuba mandundu, okanye inani leeplatelet zakho lisenokuba liphantsi. Kwimeko enjalo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Angajonga kwakhona amanqanaba eeplatelet zakho aze alungise unyango lwakho ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-ITP inokubangela ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho lehle kakhulu uze uqale ukopha ngokungalawulekiyo. Umzekelo, ukuba unomphunga ongapheliyo, umlomo owophayo, ukopha kakhulu exesheni, okanye inxeba elingayekiyo ukopha nokuba ulicinezele, yingxamiseko yezonyango.Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka uye ngokukhawuleza kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Kwakhona, ukuba ubetheka entloko, okanye ukuba uneempawu zokopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo, njengentloko ebuhlungu, ukuhlanza, okanye utshintsho embonweni, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba une-ITP, unokuba nemibuzo emininzi. Musa ukoyika okanye ube neentloni ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngayo yonke. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuyibuza:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-ITP endinayo? (Eyomeleleyo, engapheliyo, eyintloko, eyesibini?)
• Loluphi unyango onokundicebisa lona? Ngoba?
• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ezo ndlela zonyango zivelise unyango/isiphumo?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndithathe olu nyango yonke imihla?
• Ukuba unyango lokuqala aluphumelelanga, kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi ndlela zonyango? Ndingenza ntoni ukuba ziyavela?
• Zeziphi iinguqu endifanele ndizenze kwindlela enditya ngayo nendlela endiphila ngayo?
• Zeziphi imithambo ezilungileyo kum? Zeziphi imithambo ezingalungelanga kum?

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndikhulelwa ngelixa ndine-ITP?

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, ukufunda ukuba une-ITP kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ungathuthuzeleka kukwazi oku: I-ITP ayisoloko ichaphazela ngqo umntwana wakho ongekazalwa.

Inani leeplatelet zomntwana lisenokuba liphantsi kancinci xa ezalwa, kodwa oku kudla ngokuba yinto yexeshana kwaye kuya kwanda kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Oogqirha baya kujonga amanqanaba eplatelet zomntwana.

Ukuba une-ITP encinci ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye iimpawu zakho azikho mbi kakhulu, usenokungadingi naluphi na unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kakhulu okanye usemngciphekweni wokopha, unokufuna unyango. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho wokubeletha kunye nogqirha wegazi baya kusebenzisana ukukhetha unyango olukhuselekileyo kuwe nakumntwana wakho . Baya kunyamekela ngokukodwa ngexesha lokubeleka.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda kakuhle into ebesithetha ngayo, i-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia). Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-ITP yimeko apho amasosha omzimba wakho etshabalalisa iiplatelets zakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuncipha kokujiya kwegazi.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukudumba okulula, amabala abomvu eluswini, kunye nokopha rhoqo.
• Xa oku kusenzeka ebantwaneni, kudla ngokuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abantu abadala banokufuna unyango lwexesha elide.
• Nangona i-ITP ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, iimpawu zinokulawulwa kwaye umgangatho wobomi unokufezekiswa.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, ungoyiki ukubona ugqirha. Uza kukunika iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunayo.
• Zikhusele ekwenzakaleni, landela iingcebiso zonyango, kwaye usele amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe.

I-ITP inokuba yimeko eyoyikisayo, ingakumbi xa uphuma igazi nje. Kodwa awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha abanokukunceda kwaye bakunyamekele. Ngoko ke, jongana nale meko ngesibindi. Ukuba uneengxaki, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

I- ITP, i-Immune Thrombocytopenia, iiplatelets, ukujiya kwegazi, ukopha, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ukukrweleka, i-petechiae, i-purpura