Ngaba ugqirha wakho u-ode i-biopsy kuwe okanye kumntu omaziyo? I-biopsy kuxa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lisuswa kwiqhuma emzimbeni wakho lize lihlolwe. Ngoko ke, usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa kuloo qhekeza lincinci lesicubu elebhu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngovavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu olusetyenziswa kwezonyango namhlanje. Lubizwa ngokuba yi -immunohistochemistry , okanye i-IHC ngamafutshane phakathi koogqirha.
Yintoni i-IHC ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, i-IHC luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri olusetyenziswa ziingcali zezifo, oogqirha abagxile ekuxilongeni izifo, ukukhangela iimpawu zesifo kwisampuli yezicubu.
Nangona eli gama lisenokubonakala lide kancinci, intsingiselo yalo kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda xa lixutyushwa ngamagama ambalwa.
- I-Immuno: Oku kunxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela . Uyazi, xa sifumana izinto zangaphandle (iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, njl.njl.) okanye izinto zangaphandle ezifana neeseli zomhlaza, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela iyazazi. Ezi zinto zangaphandle sizibiza ngokuba zii-antigen . Ngoko ke, umzimba wethu wenza uhlobo oluthile lweproteni ukuze ubambe kwaye utshabalalise ezi antigen. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Kanye njengokuba isitshixo sivula isitshixo, kukho i-antibody ekhethekileyo ehambelana ne-antigen nganye. Kuvavanyo lwe-IHC, ezi antibodies, ezenziwe kwilebhu, zisetyenziselwa ukufumana ii-antigen ezinxulumene nesifo kwisampulu yezicubu.
- Imbali: Oku kubhekisa kwizicubu . Oku kuthetha ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwisiqwenga sezicubu ezithathwe emzimbeni wakho.
- Ikhemistri: Oku kuthetha ukufunda izinto ezincinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingabonwa ngemakroskopu kuphela, kusetyenziswa iindlela zekhemistri.
Emva koko, xa sidibanisa konke oku, i-IHC yindlela yokuchonga isifo ngokusebenzisa ingcamango yee-antibodies kwinkqubo yethu yomzimba, ukongeza into efana nedayi kwiinxalenye ze-pathogen (ii-antigens) kwisampuli yezicubu, size sizijonge phantsi kwe-microscope.
Uvavanyo lwe-IHC lwenziwa nini?
Uvavanyo lwe-IHC lusetyenziswa kwizinto ezininzi kule mihla. Ulwazi olulunikayo lunokunceda kakhulu ugqirha wakho ekukhetheni unyango olulungele wena.
| Imeko yokusetyenziswa | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuchonga isifo ngokuchanekileyo | Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni umhlaza. Kunokunceda ekuchongeni uhlobo oluchanekileyo lomhlaza (umz., i-carcinoma, i-melanoma). Kunokunceda nasekuchongeni imvelaphi yomhlaza osasazekayo, ongumhlaza oye wasasazeka ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya kwelinye. |
| Ukufumanisa imeko kunye nendlela esi sifo esiqhubeka ngayo | Inokukunceda uqonde ukuba umhlaza unzima kangakanani kwaye usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ulwazi oluvela kolu vavanyo lubalulekile ekumiseleni inqanaba kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, ugqirha uza kuyila isicwangciso sonyango esingcono. |
| Ukuqikelela impendulo kunyango | Eminye imihlaza, ingakumbi imihlaza yamabele neyeprostate, ikhula ngenxa yeehomoni ezifana ne-estrogen kunye ne-testosterone. Uvavanyo lwe-IHC lunokuchonga imihlaza enovakalelo kwezi homoni. Unyango lweehomoni lunokunikwa ukuthintela ezo homoni. |
| Ukujonga impumelelo yonyango | Uvavanyo lwe-IHC ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba unyango luyayiphucula na isifo kunye nokuba iiseli zomhlaza ziyanyamalala na. |
Ukongeza, i-IHC ikwabaluleke kakhulu kuphando lokufumana amayeza amatsha. Inceda abaphandi baqonde utshintsho olwenzeka kwiiseli zethu ngenxa yesifo.
Lusebenza njani olu vavanyo?
Umgaqo osisiseko woku ulula kakhulu. Kufana nokufumana isitshixo esifanelekileyo (i-antibody) sokutshixa (i-antigen).
Khawucinge ukuba uneeseli zomhlaza kwisampulu yezicubu zakho. Ezo seli zomhlaza zinee-antigens (iimpawu) kumphezulu wazo ezizezazo. Into oyenzayo kwilebhu kukusebenzisa i-antibody eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubopha kuloo antigen.
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo:
1. Ingcali yezifo incamathisela i-enzyme kwi-antibody ekhethiweyo. Le enzyme ifana nomqondiso omncinci.
2. Lo mxube we-antibody emva koko ubekwa phezu kwesampuli yezicubu ezilungisiweyo.
3. Ukuba isampuli ine-antigen enxulumene neso sifo, i-antibody esiyongezileyo iya kunamathela kuyo (njengesitshixo esifakwa kwisitshixo).
4. Xa inamathela ngolu hlobo, i-enzyme enamathele kwi-antibody iyasebenza, idala umbala okhethekileyo kuloo ndawo.
5. Okokugqibela, xa ujonga ngemakroskopu, iindawo ezinemibala zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ii-antigens ezinxulumene nesifo kwezo ndawo, oko kuthetha ukuba singaqinisekisa ukuba isifo sikhona.
Ukuze esi siphumo sibe sichanekile ngokupheleleyo, la manyathelo kufuneka enziwe ngononophelo olukhulu nangokuchanekileyo kwilebhu.
Ukulungiselela isampulu yovavanyo
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela isampuli yethishu ngokufanelekileyo.
- Gcina izicubu: Nje ukuba zisuswe emzimbeni, iiseli ezikwizicubu ziqala ukufa kancinci kancinci. Ukuthintela oku, izicubu "ziyaqina" ngokuzifaka kwikhemikhali efana ne-formalin. Oku kugcina ulwakhiwo lwezicubu lungaphazanyiswa.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ii-antigen ziyafikeleleka: Ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo yokulungisa inokubangela ukuba ii-antigen zivalwe. Emva koko, ii-antibodies azikwazi ukunamathela kuzo. Ke ngoko, inkqubo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"antigen retrieval" isetyenziselwa ukuphinda iveze ii-antigen ezivalekileyo.
- Vimba izakhiwo ezifanayo: Ngamanye amaxesha ii-antibodies zethu zinokubophelela kwezinye izinto ezifana ne-antigen yokwenyani esiyikhangelayo. Kufana nomnye umntu ohleli esitulweni esibekelwe umntu ofanelekileyo. Ukuthintela oku, sivimba izakhiwo ezifanayo kwangaphambili. Emva koko i-antibody iya kubophelela kuphela kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Ukukhetha ii-antibodies ezifanelekileyo
Ingcali yezifo kufuneka ikhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-antibody ye-antigen eyikhangelayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-antibody | Ingcali ekhethekileyo |
|---|---|
| Ii-antibodies ze-polyclonal | Ezi zingumxube wee-antibodies ezahlukeneyo ezinokubophelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-antigen efanayo. |
| Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal | Ezi ziikopi zohlobo olufanayo, i-antibody efanayo. Zibopha kuphela kwindawo enye ethile kwi-antigen. |
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izithintelo kunye neengxaki kuvavanyo lwe-IHC?
Ewe, njengazo zonke iimvavanyo, le inemida ethile.
Enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu kukuba akukho zikhokelo zisemgangathweni ezamkelweyo kwihlabathi liphela kwinqanaba ngalinye lovavanyo lwe-IHC. Ke ngoko, iindlela kunye neekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwiilabhoratri ezahlukeneyo zinokuhluka kancinci, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho oluthile kwiziphumo.
Ukongeza, ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zinokuba zingalunganga.
| Impazamo kwisiphumo | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Ubuxoki | Isiphumo esibonisa ukuba i-antigen enxulumene nesifo ikhona nangona isampuli ingekho. |
| Ubuxoki obungalunganga | Nangona isampuli ine-antigen enxulumene nesifo, isiphumo asibonisi ukuba i-antigen ilungile. |
Ukuthintela izinto ezinje, iilabhoratri ezilungileyo zineenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho . Oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba benze uvavanyo lokwenyani, bavavanya i-antibody kwithishu esiyaziyo ukuba inesifo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza kakuhle.
Ngaba i-IHC iyafana ne-biopsy?
Hayi, kodwa kukho unxibelelwano olukhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini.
Ngamafutshane, i-biopsy yinkqubo yokususa isiqwenga sethishu emzimbeni wakho. I-IHC yindlela yokuhlola eso siqwenga sethishu kwilebhu. Ngamanye amazwi, i-IHC luvavanyo olwenziwa emva kwe-biopsy.
I-IHC ngokwenene ngummangaliso wezonyango. Ivumela oogqirha ukuba babone iimpawu zesifo ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni. Ulwazi olufunyenwe kolu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nezifo ezinjengomhlaza nokukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokoyika i-Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwa kwilabhoratri kwisicubu esincinci esithathwe emzimbeni wakho.
- Olu vavanyo lunokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo (njengohlobo lomhlaza kunye nobunzima bawo), ingakumbi malunga nezifo ezifana nomhlaza.
- Oku kuquka ukufumana iimpawu ezikhethekileyo (ii-antigens) kwiiseli ezinesifo, ukongeza into efana nedayi kuzo, uze uzijonge phantsi kwe-microscope.
- Ingxelo evela kuvavanyo lwe-IHC iya kunceda kakhulu ugqirha wakho ukuba akhethe unyango olufanelekileyo nolusebenzayo kuwe.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nolu vavanyo, ungaze woyike ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mbandela ngokukhululekileyo.
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