Ubusazi na ukuba umzimba wakho "unomkhosi" omkhulu okukhusela kwizifo? Oku sikubiza ngokuba yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Umsebenzi walo mkhosi kukusigcina siphilile ngokulwa neentshaba ezifana neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neeseli zomhlaza ezivela ngaphandle. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, lo mkhosi udinga uncedo oluncinci. Nokuba amandla omkhosi awanelanga, okanye umkhosi uqala ukusebenza ngokungalawulekiyo. Kulapho udidi olukhethekileyo lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-`(Immunomodulators)` lunokusinceda.
Ngamafutshane, ziintoni ezi Immunomodulators?
Ii-immunomodulators luhlobo lwamayeza "atshintsha" okanye "atshintsha" umsebenzi wenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba. Cinga ngenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba njengolawulo lwevolumu kwirediyo. Kwezinye izifo, eli nani liphantsi kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka. Kwezinye izifo, eli nani liphezulu kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba isebenza kakhulu.
Ngoko ke into eyenziwa yi-`(Immunomodulators)` kukulungisa eli volumu njengoko kufuneka. Oko kukuthi, ukuba amasosha omzimba aphantsi, la mayeza anokunyusa , kwaye ukuba amasosha omzimba aphezulu ngokungeyomfuneko, anokunciphisa aze alawule . Lo ngumsebenzi othile.
La mayeza asebenza ngeendlela ezimbini:
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, zimbini iindlela eziphambili ezisebenza ngazo ezi ziyobisi. Ukuqonda oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono eli yeza.
| Isenzo | Yintoni eyenzayo le nto? (Iyenza ntoni le nto) |
|---|---|
| Ukuphucula Impendulo Yomzimba Yokuzikhusela | Kwezinye iimeko zezifo, ingakumbi umhlaza, iiseli zomhlaza ziyakwazi kakhulu ukuzimela kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Oko kwenziwa ngala mayeza kukunika "umkhosi" wethu amandla noqeqesho olufunekayo ukuze ufumane kwaye utshabalalise ezi ntshaba zifihlakeleyo. |
| Ukuthintela Impendulo Yomzimba Engakhuselekanga | Sibiza la mayeza ngokukodwa ngokuba zii-Immunosuppressants.Ezi ziyimfuneko kubantu abanezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba. Kwezi zifo, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Kwakhona, xa kufakelwa amalungu omzimba, la mayeza anceda umzimba ukuba ungawalahli amalungu amatsha. |
Ziziphi iimeko eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ii-immunomodulators?
Olu hlobo lweyeza lusetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- Izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo nezidityanisiweyo: Ezi zezona zifo ziphambili zokuzikhusela komzimba. Umzekelo, kwizifo ezifana ne-`(Rheumatoid Arthritis)` (ukudumba kwamalungu), `(Lupus)`, `(Psoriatic Arthritis)`, `(Ankylosing Spondylitis)`, la mayeza anceda ukulawula uhlaselo lomzimba kumalungu awo, ulusu, njl.njl.
- Izifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya: Kwizifo ezifana ``neCrohn's Disease'' kunye ``neUlcerative Colitis'', ezi zisetyenziselwa ukulawula inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba engafunekiyo eyenzeka emathunjini.
- Izifo zesikhumba: Kwizifo ezifana ne-psoriasis, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ilawula ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweeseli zesikhumba.
- Izifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: La mayeza anceda ekulawuleni umonakalo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwizifo ezifana ne-"Multiple Sclerosis".
- Umhlaza: Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezi zisetyenziselwa ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuba atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Le yinxalenye yonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Immunotherapy."
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-immunomodulators?
La mayeza awafani onke. Oogqirha banika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"Immunomodulators" kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.
Ii-Corticosteroids
La ngamayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba asetyenziswa kakhulu ngabantu abaninzi. Umzekelo ngu `(Prednisone).` La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi wenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba nokulawula ukudumba kunye nokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
IiDMARD (Amayeza Okunciphisa Izifo Aguqula Amathambo)
Njengoko igama lisitsho, la ngamayeza anceda ekuguquleni uhlobo lwesifo. Ingakumbi kwizifo ezifana ne-arthritis, la mayeza anceda ekuthinteleni okanye ekulawuleni umonakalo kumalungu abangelwa sisifo, endaweni yokunciphisa nje iintlungu. `(Methotrexate)` liyeza elaziwayo kakhulu kolu didi.
I-Biologics
La mayeza atsha, aphucukileyo kunee-DMARD. Enziwe ngeeproteni ezithathwe kwiiseli eziphilayo kwilebhu.
Ngamafutshane, nangona amayeza amadala esebenza njenge 'carpet bombs' kwaye echaphazela yonke inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, i-biologics ifana 'ne-smart bombs'. Oko kukuthi, aya ngqo kwaye ajolise kuphela kwiseli ethile okanye ikhemikhali (efana ne-`(TNF)`, `(Interleukin)`) ebangela isifo.
Oku kunokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye kukhokelele kwiziphumo eziphumelelayo ngakumbi.
Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy yoMhlaza
Olu luhlobo oluthile lonyango. Okwenzekayo apha asikuko ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyancipha, kodwa kukuba iyanda. Amayeza afana ne-"Checkpoint Inhibitors" ayayimisa "imiqondiso" esetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukufihla kwiiseli zethu zokuzikhusela (``(iiseli ze-T)``), kwaye ancede iiseli ze-T ziqaphele kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
Eli yeza linikwa njani emzimbeni?
Indlela onikwa ngayo eli yeza inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo kunye nohlobo lweyeza.
- Ngokusebenzisa umthambo (Nge-IV): Njenge-saline, ifakwa ngqo egazini nge-cannula.
- Ngokufaka Inaliti: Ifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba okanye kwisihlunu.
- Ngomlomo: Ithathwa ngomlomo njengeepilisi okanye iikhaphu.
- Njengekhrimu eluswini (Ngaphandle): Isetyenziswa kumphezulu wolusu njengekhrimu yezifo zolusu.
Masiqaphele nemiphumo emibi kunye neengozi.
Nangona la mayeza eluncedo kakhulu, anokuba nemiphumo emibi kunye neengozi kuba achaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ugqirha wakho uza kukufundisa ngale miphumo.
| Uhlobo lomngcipheko | Izinto ekufuneka uziqaphele |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Usenokudinwa, ukozela, isicaphucaphu, isisu esibuhlungu, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu. Oku kudla ngokuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
| Iingozi ezikhethekileyo (xa umzimba ucinezelwe) | "Amandla okuzikhusela" omzimba wakho abuthathaka, ngoko ke unamathuba amaninzi okufumana usulelo.. Nokuba umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane ongephi unokuba yingozi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uziqaphele izinto ezifana nokuphepha iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye nokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. |
| Iingozi ezikhethekileyo (xa kwandiswa amandla omzimba okuzikhusela) | Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isenokuvuselela umzimba kakhulu ize iqalise ukuhlasela izicwili eziphilileyo. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana neehomoni, iingxaki zolusu, kunye norhudo. |
Nokuba imeko injani na, ugqirha wakho uyazi kakuhle ezi ngozi. Yiyo loo nto eza kukuxilonga rhoqo, enze uvavanyo lwegazi olufunekayo, aze alungise umthamo wamayeza akho ukuze akunyamekele kakuhle. Okufuneka ukwenze kukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngalo naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukungakhululeki okuzivayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-immunomodulators ziluhlobo olunamandla kakhulu nolukhethekileyo lwamayeza atshintsha ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba njengoko kufuneka.
- Ezi zinokusetyenziselwa ukukhulisa amajoni omzimba (kwizifo ezifana nomhlaza) okanye ukunciphisa (kwizifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba).
- Ezi azifani neepilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu eziqhelekileyo. Ezi ziziyobisi ezichaphazela unobangela wesifo.
- Lumka ngokukodwa ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane xa usebenzisa la mayeza.
- Musa ukuthandabuza ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iimpawu ezintsha ozifumanayo.
- Ngenxa yala mayeza, izifo ezininzi ebezicingelwa ukuba kunzima ukuzinyanga ngoku zilawulwa ngempumelelo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango ngokuchanekileyo.
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