Masifunde ngqo ngenaliti ye-insulin. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni isifo sakho seswekile!

Ukuba uphila neDiabetes Mellitus, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe weva ngenaliti ye-insulin. Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba uyisebenzise. Ngoko ke yintoni le insulin? Kwenzeka ntoni ngayo? Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo? Usenokuba nemibuzo efana nale. Masithethe ngayo yonke ngokulula nangokucacileyo namhlanje, akunjalo? Akukho nto yokoyika, wakuba uzazi ezi zinto, uya kuziva ukhululekile.

Yintoni i-insulin? Kutheni siyidinga?

Ngamafutshane, i-insulin yi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu eveliswa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Kukho ilungu elincinci elibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas, akunjalo, ngaphakathi esiswini sethu? Kulapho le hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin iveliswa khona.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyenziwa yile insulin? Umsebenzi ophambili we insulin kukuthatha iswekile (iglucose) ekutyeni esikutyayo, egazini, size siyithumele kwiiseli ezincinci emzimbeni, isinceda senze amandla esiwadingayo ukuze senze umsebenzi wethu wemihla ngemihla. Cinga ngayo ngokungathi ufuna isitshixo sokuvula ucango lwendlu, udinga isitshixo esibizwa ngokuba yi insulin ukuthumela iswekile kwiiseli zethu.

Kutheni ke umntu onesifo seswekile kufuneka athathe i-insulin ngaphandle? Xa unesifo seswekile, i-pancreas ivelisa i-insulin encinci kakhulu, okanye ubungakanani be-insulin eveliswayo alwanelanga emzimbeni, okanye i-insulin eveliswayo ayinakusebenza kakuhle. Nokuba sithini na isizathu, iswekile egazini ayinakungena kwiiseli kwaye iqokelelane egazini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini anyuke. Kulapho ke kufuneka unike i-insulin ngaphandle njengesitofu sokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini. Oku kufana nokubonelela ngento esweleyo emzimbeni wethu.

Masiqonde ukuba inaliti ye-insulin isebenza njani? (Ukuqala, Incopho, Ubude bexesha)

Ngoku, xa ugqirha wakho ekuyalela i-insulin, usenokuba uve amanye amagama amathathu ekhankanywa kunye negama layo: 'Ukuqala', 'Incochoyi', kunye 'Nexesha Elide'. Nangona la magama esiNgesi, ukwazi kakuhle ukuba athetha ukuthini kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni isifo sakho seswekile. Makhe sibone ukuba ithetha ukuthini nganye kwezi.

'Ukuqala' (ixesha lokuqala)

'Ukuqala' kukuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-insulin iqale ukusebenza emzimbeni wakho emva kokuba uyijovile, oko kuthetha ukuba iqala ukwehlisa iswekile egazini lakho. Njengokuba kuthatha ixesha ukuba siqalise ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ezinye ii-insulin zithatha ixesha ukuqala ukusebenza. Ezinye ziqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye zithatha ixesha elide.

'Incopho' (ixesha lomsebenzi ophezulu)

I-'Peak' lixesha apho i-insulin ifakwa khona kwaye isebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni iswekile egazini. Kulapho i-insulin inefuthe elikhulu. Ngeli xesha le-'Peak', amanqanaba eswekile egazini anokwehla ngequbuliso kakhulu (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Hypoglycemia'). Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela la maxesha e-'Peak' kwaye uqaphele izinto ezifana nokutya ngaloo maxesha.

'Ubude bexesha' (ixesha elipheleleyo lokusebenza)

'Ubude bexesha' bubhekisa ekubeni i-insulin ihlala ixesha elingakanani emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kokufakwa inaliti enye, kuya kunceda ukulawula iswekile yegazi lakho kangangeeyure ezingaphi. Ezinye ii-insulin zisebenza iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela, ngelixa ezinye zisebenza iiyure ezingama-24 nangaphezulu.

Ezi zinto zifana 'nokuqala', 'iPeak', kunye 'nexesha' zahluka kakhulu kuhlobo oluthile lwe-insulin. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kukhetha i-insulin efanelekileyo kuwe, ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nendlela otya ngayo, indlela ozilolonga ngayo, kunye nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo ze-insulin.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin. Zihlulwe ngokuyintloko ngokwendlela eziqala ngayo ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza (Ukuqala), ukuba zinefuthe elingakanani (I-Peak), kunye nokuba zihlala ixesha elingakanani emzimbeni (Ubude bexesha).

I-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza

Olu hlobo lwe-insulin, njengoko igama lisitsho, luqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ludla ngokuqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu emi-5-20 emva kokutofwa. 'Isiphumo sayo esiphezulu', okanye isiphumo sayo esiphezulu, senzeka kwiyure eyi-1-3 , kwaye isiphumo sayo siphela sihlala malunga neeyure ezi-3-5 . Idla ngokuthathwa ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokutya.

• Imizekelo: `Insulin glulisine (Apidra®)`, `Insulin aspart (Novolog®)`, `Insulin lispro (Humalog®)` (U-100/U-200).

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ulungiselela ukutya irayisi ngoku. Emva koko, ukuthatha olu hlobo lwe-insulin kuya kukunceda ulawule ngokukhawuleza ubungakanani beswekile eyongezwa egazini lakho ekutyeni okutyayo.

I-insulin esebenza ixesha elifutshane

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Regular insulin'. Ezi azikhawulezi njenge-Rapid-acting insulin ekuthethwe ngayo ngaphambili, kodwa zisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30-60 ukuqala ukusebenza. I-'Peak' yenzeka phakathi kweeyure ezi-2-4 , kwaye isiphumo sihlala malunga neeyure ezi-5-8 . Oku kudla ngokuthathwa malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokutya.

• Umzekelo: `I-insulin eqhelekileyo (iNovolin R, iHumulin R)`.

I-insulin esebenza phakathi

Olu hlobo lwe-insulin luthatha malunga neyure e-1-2 ukuqala ukusebenza. 'Incopho' ifika emva kwexesha, phakathi kweeyure ezi-4-12 . Ekubeni ezi zinobude bexesha lokusebenza malunga neeyure ezili-14-24 , kukho amaxesha apho kufuneka uzitofe kabini ngemini.

• Umzekelo: `NPH insulin (Novolin N, Humulin N)`.

I-insulin esebenza ixesha elide

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'basal' insulin. Ezi zinceda ekulawuleni amanqanaba eswekile egazini, njenge-insulin yendalo yomzimba wethu, imini yonke. Ezinye zezi azinawo 'umlinganiselo' ocacileyo, ngoko ke akukho mngcipheko mkhulu wokuba iswekile yegazi yehle kakhulu. Isiphumo sinokuhlala iiyure ezingama-24 okanye ngaphezulu.

• Imizekelo:
• I-Insulin detemir (Levemir®): Ithatha malunga neyure ukuqala ukusebenza. Isiphumo esiphezulu sihlala iiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-14.Inokuba phakathi. Isiphumo sihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 .
• `I-Insulin glargine U-100 (Lantus®, Basaglar®)`: Ithatha iiyure ezi-3-4 ukuqala ukusebenza. Akukho 'ncopho' icacileyo . Isiphumo sihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 .
• `I-Insulin glargine U-300 (Toujeo®): Ithatha malunga neeyure ezi-6 ukuqala ukusebenza. Oku nako akunawo 'umlinganiselo ophezulu' . Isiphumo sinokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-36 .
• `Insulin degludec U-100/U-200 (Tresiba®): Kuthatha malunga neyure ukuqala ukusebenza. Oku nako akunawo 'umlinganiselo' . Isiphumo sinokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-42 .

Xa ithathwa kanye (okanye mhlawumbi kabini) ngemini, olu hlobo lwe-insulin lunceda ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini ezinzile imini yonke, njengokuba imizimba yethu ifumana ubungakanani obuncinci be-insulin imini yonke.

I-insulin exutyiweyo kwangaphambili

Njengoko igama lisitsho, ezi ziindibaniselwano zeentlobo ezimbini ze-insulin, esebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nesebenza phakathi, okanye iikhompawundi ezifanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inaliti enye yenza zombini ezi zinto. Ezi zihlala zithathwa ngaphambi kokutya.

• Imizekelo:
• `I-insulin exutyiweyo kwangaphambili 70/30 (70% NPH kunye ne-30% Rhoqo)`: Kuthatha isiqingatha seyure ukuya kwiyure ukuqala ukusebenza. Ixesha eliphezulu liphakathi kweeyure ezi-2-12 . Isiphumo sihlala iiyure ezili-10-16 .
• `I-insulin exutyiweyo kwangaphambili eyi-50/50 (50% NPH kunye ne-50% eqhelekileyo)`: Kuthatha isiqingatha seyure ukuya kwiyure ukuqala ukusebenza. Ixesha eliphezulu liphakathi kweeyure ezi-2-12 . Isiphumo sihlala iiyure ezili-10-16 .
• I-Humalog® Mix 75/25 (75% ye-insulin lispro protamine kunye ne-25% ye-insulin lispro): Iqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu emi-5-20 . Ixesha eliphezulu yiyure e-1-2 . Iziphumo zihlala iiyure ezili-10-16 .
• I-Humalog® Mix 50/50 (50% ye-insulin lispro protamine kunye ne-50% ye-insulin lispro): Iqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu emi-5-20 . Isiphumo esiphezulu yiyure e-1-2 . Ubude bexesha lokusebenza ziiyure ezili-10-16 .
• `I-NovoLog® Mix 70/30 (70% ye-insulin aspart protamine kunye ne-30% ye-insulin aspart)`: Iqala ukusebenza kwimizuzu emi-5-20 . Ixesha eliphezulu yiyure e-1-2 . Isiphumo sihlala iiyure ezili-10-16 .

Xa usebenzisa i-insulin exutyiweyo ngolu hlobo, inokunciphisa inani leenaliti ngosuku, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwabanye abantu.

Uyifaka njani i-insulin? Ufanele uyifake phi?

Kukho iindawo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu ezifanelekileyo zokufaka i-insulin.

• Indawo yesisu: Malunga neesentimitha ezimbini ezijikeleze inkaba (i-umbilicus), kunye naleyo ndawo ijikeleze.
• Indawo yethanga lemilenze: Umphezulu nomva wethanga.
• Umva wengalo engasentla.
• Indawo yamathanga.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukungafaki i-insulin kwindawo enye yonke imihla.Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, izicubu ezinamafutha ezingaphantsi kolusu kuloo ndawo zinokuqina zenze amaqhuma. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Lipohypertrophy'. Xa oku kusenzeka, umzimba ufunxa i-insulin encinci kuloo ndawo, kwaye i-insulin ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ngoko ke, kufuneka utshintshe indawo yokujova yonke imihla. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'rotation' . Umzekelo, ukuba ujova kwicala lasekhohlo lesisu namhlanje, kufuneka ujove kwicala lasekunene ngomso, kwaye ngosuku olulandelayo ethangeni lasekhohlo.

Ugqirha wakho okanye uMfundisi woMongikazi weSifo seswekile uza kukufundisa indlela yokufaka i-insulin ngqo, indlela yokusebenzisa isirinji, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa ipeni ye-insulin ukuba unayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela le miyalelo ngqo.

Ziziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa i-insulin?

Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, i-insulin inokuba nemiphumo emibi emincinci. Kodwa akukho nto ixhalabisayo, kuba ukuzazi ezi zinto kunokuzilawula kwaye kuzithintele.

I-Hypoglycemia - iswekile ephantsi egazini

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo sonke ekufuneka siyilumkele xa sithatha i-insulin. Ngamafutshane, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Hypoglycemia' yenzeka xa inqanaba leswekile egazini lehla kakhulu.

• Zithini iimpawu?
• Ukubila ngequbuliso
• Ukuziva ngathi umzimba wakho uyangcangcazela
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukuziva uxhalabile, ungaphumli
• Ndiziva ndilambile kakhulu
• Ndiziva ndidinwe, ndinentloko ebuhlungu
• Utshintsho lwelizwi, luvakala kancinci xa uthetha
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Ukuba le meko iba mandundu kakhulu, inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni zingqondo. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.

• Kutheni oku kusenzeka?
• Ukutya kade okanye ukungatyi.
• Ukuthatha i-insulin eninzi kakhulu.
• Ukuzilolonga ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, ukungatyi ngokwaneleyo ukuze kulungiswe, okanye ukunganciphisi i-insulin.

• Yintoni omawuyenze? Wakuba nje uziva ezi mpawu, kufuneka utye iswekile ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, ungasela iipilisi ezimbalwa zeglucose, iitisipuni ezimbini ukuya kwezithathu zeswekile ezinyibilikiswe emanzini amancinci, usele ijusi yeziqhamo (eneswekile), okanye usele isiselo esimnandi. Emva koko, emva kwexesha elithile, utye isidlo esincinci esineecarbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo (umz. isilayi sesonka, iibhisikithi ezimbalwa). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye wazi kakuhle into omawuyenze xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

Ukusabela Kwe-Allergy Kwindawo Yasekuhlaleni

Oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Indawo apho kufakwe khona inaliti ye-insulin inokuba bomvu, idumbe kancinci, kwaye irhawuzelele. Oku kudla ngokuziphelela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuyaqhubeka okanye kuya kuba mandundu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho.

Ukutyeba kwakho

Abanye abantu banokufumana ubunzima obuncinci xa beqala ukuthatha i-insulin. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngaphambili, iswekile yayingangeni kakuhle kwiiseli ngenxa yesifo seswekile, kodwa ngoku, ngenxa ye-insulin, loo swekile iqala ukusetyenziswa njengamandla. Kwakhona, amandla agqithisileyo agcinwa emzimbeni, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekutyebeni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ungayilawula kakhulu le nzuzo yobunzima ngokutya ukutya okunempilo nokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzilolonga yonke imihla.

Khumbula ezi zinto xa usebenzisa i-insulin:

• I-insulin ithathwa ngaphambi kokutya: Ii-insulin ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza ezifana neHumalog®, Novolog®, kunye ne-Apidra® kufuneka zithathwe malunga nemizuzu eli-15 ngaphambi kokutya. I-insulin eqhelekileyo kufuneka ithathwe malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokutya. Ukunamathela kula maxesha kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni amanqanaba eswekile egazini emva kokutya.
• Ukuxuba i-insulin: Ezinye iintlobo ze-insulin (umzekelo, i-insulin esebenza ngokukhawuleza okanye eqhelekileyo kunye ne-insulin ye-NPH) zinokuxutywa kwisirinji enye. Kodwa kuphela ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba wenze njalo. Nangona kunjalo, ungaze uxube i-insulin evela kwenye inkampani kunye ne-insulin evela kwenye. Umzekelo, i-Humulin-R® (evela ku-Eli Lilly) akufuneki ixutywe ne-Novolin-N® (evela ku-Novo-Nordisk). Oku kungenxa yokuba iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza ezi insulin kunye nezigcini ezinazo zinokwahluka, ngoko ke iziphumo zokuzixuba azikafundwa.
• Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba uhlobo lwe-insulin olukufaneleyo, ingakanani (idosi) ekufuneka uyithathe, kangaphi ngosuku ekufuneka uyithathe, kwaye nini na apho kufuneka uyithathe khona. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Musa ukutshintsha idosi okanye ixesha ngendlela oziva ngayo.
• Ukuba usebenzisa iipeni ze-insulin, sebenzisa kuphela iinaliti ezicetyiswayo ezifanela ipeni yakho. Kungcono ukusebenzisa inaliti entsha ngalo lonke ixesha ufaka i-insulin. Ukusebenzisa kwakhona inaliti enye rhoqo kunokubangela iintlungu, usulelo, kunye nokufiphala kwenaliti, nto leyo enokuthintela ukuba i-insulin ingafiki ngokufanelekileyo.
• Kubalulekile ukugcina i-insulin ikubushushu obufanelekileyo. Iibhotile okanye iipeni ze-insulin ezivaliweyo ezingasetyenziswayo mazigcinwe efrijini (hayi kwicandelo lefriji). Ibhotile okanye ipeni esandul’ ukusetyenziswa ingagcinwa kubushushu begumbi (ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo nobushushu obugqithisileyo). Ubude bexesha buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-insulin. Jonga incwadana eza ne-insulin yakho, okanye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye ikhemisti.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuphila nesifo seswekile kunokuba nzima ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, i-insulin liyeza elixabisekileyo elinokukunceda ulawule amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho, likukhusele kwiingxaki ezibangelwa sisifo seswekile, kwaye likuncede uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo.

Musa ukoyika i-insulin okanye uyicinge njengengxaki enkulu. Yicinge njengomhlobo wakho, umntu okhoyo ukukunceda nokukhathalela.

Ukuba unemibuzo okanye namathandabuzo amancinci malunga ne-insulin okanye isifo seswekile, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho, umongikazi wesifo seswekile, okanye ingcali yezemithi ngaphandle kokuthandabuza okanye ukuphoxeka. Bonke bakulungele ukukunceda nokuphendula imibuzo yakho.

Ngokusebenzisa i-insulin ngokuchanekileyo, ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, nokwenza umthambo yonke imihla, ungalawula kakuhle isifo sakho seswekile kwaye uphile ubomi obonwabisayo. Ndikunqwenelela okuhle kodwa!

I- insulin, Isifo seswekile, Iintlobo ze-insulin, i-Hypoglycemia, ii-Insulin Injections, i-Apidra, i-Novolog, i-Humalog, i-Lantus, i-Levemir, i-Tresiba, i-NPH