Ngaba unomhlaza emhlathini wakho? (Umhlaza Wemihlathi) Musa ukoyika, masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba unokufumana umhlaza wemihlathi? Usenokuba uqaphele ukudumba okuncinci okanye isilonda esingapholiyo emlonyeni okanye emlonyeni wakho waza waziva usoyika kancinci. Umhlaza wemihlathi yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele. Kuba, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba le meko inokunyangeka ngempumelelo. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngomhlaza wemihlathi ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, akunjalo?

Yintoni umhlaza wemihlathi?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza womhlathi luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu oluvela emlonyeni. Ukuba oogqirha bafumana umhlaza emhlathini wakho, uhlala uqala kwenye indawo emlonyeni wakho. Umzekelo, usenokuqala kwenye indawo ngolwimi lwakho, kumadlala amathe, okanye entlaka, uze usasazeke uye emhlathini wakho.

Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba iithumba ezinobungozi ziqale ngaphakathi komhlathi wakho. Okanye ziqale kwizicubu ezenza amazinyo (`(izicubu ezingasebenzi kakuhle)`). Ezi thumba zinobungozi azifani neethumba eziqhelekileyo ezinobungozi ozibonayo. Zinokusasazeka ngaphandle komlomo wakho ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho.

Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza womhlathi. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye zisuswe ngotyando.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza womhlathi?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womlomo. Zibizwa ngokuba yi-carcinomas, i-sarcomas, kunye ne-carcinosarcomas. La magama abhekisa kuhlobo lwezicubu apho iiseli zomhlaza ziqala khona. Uninzi lomhlaza womlomo, kuquka noluchaphazela umhlathi, loluhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Ezi SCC ziqala kwizicubu ezigubungela umphezulu womzimba, kuquka nomlomo. Zibangela i-90% yomhlaza womlomo.

Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza wemihlathi:

• I-Ameloblastic Carcinoma: Oku kuvela kwizicubu ezenza i-enamel yamazinyo akho. Ihlala ikhula kumhlathi ongezantsi, kufutshane namazinyo angasemva. Inokwenzeka yodwa, okanye ingenzeki rhoqo, inokuvela ibe yi-ameloblastoma engeyongozi eba ngumhlaza.
• I-Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: Oku kudla ngokuvela kumhlathi ongezantsi. Igama layo livela kwindlela iiseli zayo ezibonakala ngayo phantsi kwe-microscope.
• I-Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kuye kwaxelwa amatyala angama-50 kuphela kuphando lwezonyango. Inokwenzeka yodwa, okanye inokuvela kwi-cyst emhlathini ebangela ukuba i-calciphe ize ibe ngumhlaza.
• I-Osteosarcoma: Oku kuvela emathanjeni ngokwawo. I-Osteosarcoma idla ngokuvela emathanjeni amade njengethambo lesinqe. Ayifane iqale kwithambo lomhlathi.
• I-Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma: Oku kudla ngokukhula ngasemva komhlathi ongezantsi. Kunokwenzeka kodwa okanye ngenxa yokukhula okungekho mhlaza okuya kuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kukhula kumhlathi, kwenziwe ziintlobo ezifanayo zeeseli ezifana ne-carcinoma.
• I-Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma: Oku nako kunqabile kakhulu. Ziimeko ezili-15 kuphela eziye zaxelwa kuphando lwezonyango.

Ngoku unokucinga ukuba la magama ayinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Yiyo loo nto, la magama akhethekileyo asetyenziswa ngoogqirha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuwe kukubona ugqirha ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iCancer yeNthlathi?

Enyanisweni, umhlaza wemihlathi awuqhelekanga . Yi-4.5% kuphela yazo zonke ii-squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) kwihlabathi liphela ezenzeka entlokweni nasentanyeni. Nangona kunjalo, ayiqali rhoqo emhlathini. Uninzi lwexesha, iqhuma olibonayo emhlathini wakho okanye kufutshane namazinyo akho linokuba libi kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuba ugqirha wakho ahlole naluphi na uhlobo lweqhubu olutsha. Ngale ndlela, unokufumana uxilongo olufanelekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemihlathi?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, akukho zimpawu zininzi. Kodwa njengoko ithumba likhula, unokubona utshintsho. Uninzi lweethumba lukhula kumhlathi ongezantsi (eMandible), kodwa lunokuvela kumhlathi ongaphezulu (eMaxilla).

Iimpawu zomhlaza womhlathi zingabandakanya:

• Iqhuma okanye ukudumba emhlathini (kusenokuba buhlungu okanye kungabi buhlungu).
• Izilonda zomlomo, ziyabuhlungu, azipholi, zopha lula.
• Amabala abomvu okanye amhlophe emlonyeni angasukiyo.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia).
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho.
• Utshintsho kwindlela obubonakala ngayo ubuso bakho.
• Ukuziva ngathi amazinyo akho ayahambahamba, okanye amazinyo akho akhululekile.
• Utshintsho kwindlela amazinyo adibana ngayo (ukuluma).
• Ifiva.

Khawucinge nje, ngelixa uhlamba amazinyo akho, ngequbuliso ufumana iqhuma elincinci emhlathini wakho. Ekuqaleni, usenokungalinaki. Kodwa ukuba lisekhona emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, okanye ukuba libonakala likhula, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Kutheni kukho umhlaza womhlathi?

Indlela iiseli zomzimba wethu ezikhula kwaye zahlula-hlula ngayo ilawulwa yimiyalelo ekwi-'DNA'. Xa utshintsho kule 'DNA' lusenzeka ('Uguquko lweMvelo'), iingxaki zinokwenzeka kwindlela iiseli ezisebenza ngayo. Iingxaki ngekhowudi ekule 'DNA' zinokubangela ukuba iiseli zisebenze ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zenze iithumba. Izazinzulu zisaphanda utshintsho lwe-'DNA' olubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethumba ezinxulumene nale mihlaza yomhlathi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-cyst engeyomhlaza (engeyiyo umhlaza) emhlathini inokuguquka ibe yi-cyst ebangela umhlaza (embi), nto leyo ebangela umhlaza wemihlathi. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, i-cysts engeyomhlaza emhlathini ihlala ifana kwaye ayibi ngumhlaza.

Ugqirha wakho unokukujonga ukuba akukho zihluma zingengomhlaza ezinokuba ngumngcipheko womhlaza womhlathi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza womhlathi?

Ezi zinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza womhlathi:

• Ubudala: Umhlaza wemihlathi udla ngokukhula kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala.
• Isini: Amadoda asengozini enkulu.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba: Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza womlomo . Icuba liqulethe iikhemikhali ezibangela umhlaza (iicarcinogens) ezingaphezu kwama-60. Ukuphefumla umsi osetyenziswa ngumntu otshayayo nako kwandisa umngcipheko.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza wentloko nentamo. Ukudibana kokusebenzisa icuba kunye nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo ngokuphindwe kangangama-30. Ke ngoko, ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka kwaye unciphise ukusela kwakho utywala.
• Usulelo lwe-HPV: Iintlobo ze-human papillomavirus (HPV) ezibangela umhlaza, ingakumbi i-HPV-16, ziyandisa umngcipheko wakho. Umhlaza womlomo onxulumene ne-HPV ngoku uyanda.
• Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut: I-betel nut ine-carcinogens. Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut sisithethe senkcubeko kwezinye iindawo zaseAsia. Nangona kunjalo, kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo.
• Ukuba nembali yomhlaza womlomo kwintsapho yakho: Ukuba umntu okwintsapho yakho esondeleyo (umz., umzali, umntwana, umntakwenu) ukhe waba nomhlaza womlomo, nawe usenokuba sengozini enkulu.

Ugqirha uwuxilonga njani umhlaza womhlathi?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni ukuze ajonge naziphi na iziqwenga okanye ukudumba okutsha. Baza kuhlola imbali yakho yezonyango baze bakubuze ngeempawu zakho. Banokwenza novavanyo lwegazi ukuze bajonge izinto ezisegazini lakho ezinxulumene nomhlaza ('iimpawu zethumba').

Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso lusetyenziselwa ukujonga iithumba emzimbeni. Ezi ziquka:

• Ii-X-reyi
• `Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)`
• `Iskeni yeTomography eQokelelweyo (i-CT Scan)`

Ukongeza, kunokufuneka wenze i-biopsy. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu esiphuma kwiqhubu uze ulithumele kwilebhu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. I-biopsy inokubonisa ukuba umhlaza womhlathi usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza wemihlathi?

Uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza wemihlathi baya kufuna utyando ukuze kususwe ithumba. Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kususwe umhlathi okanye izicubu ezijikeleze umhlathi. Iindidi zotyando ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wemihlathi ziquka:

• Ukususwa kwethambo lomhlathi: Ukususwa kwenxalenye yomhlathi ongezantsi. Ukuba kususwa inxalenye encinci, kuthiwa yi-partial mandibulectomy. Ukuba kususwa inxalenye enkulu, kuthiwa yi-segmental mandibulectomy.
• Ukususwa kwethambo elingaphezulu okanye inxalenye yomhlathi.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuzama ukususa izicubu ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze asuse umhlaza ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa eshiya ezinye izicubu eziphilileyo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokutshintsha inkangeleko yakho. Kodwa kukho unyango olunokunceda nakwelo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lokwakha kwakhona umhlathi wakho, okanye ukufakelwa kwamazinyo endaweni yamazinyo asusiweyo ngexesha lotyando.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza womhlathi, ungadinga unyango olongezelelweyo lomhlaza. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Unyango lweMisebe: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini ukuhambisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu yemitha ukunciphisa iithumba. Unyango lweMisebe lunokunikwa njengonyango oluphambili ukuba awuphilile ngokwaneleyo ukuba wenze utyando. Okanye, unyango lweMisebe lunokunikwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango lweKhemotherapy alulonyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza womhlathi, kodwa lunokunikwa kunye nonyango lwemitha emva kotyando.
• Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu: Oku kunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lomhlaza. Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu lunokunceda abantu abanembono entle, kunye nabo bafumana unyango lwe-hospice. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ungazuza kunyango lokudambisa iintlungu, buza ugqirha wakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unomhlaza womhlathi?

Okwangoku, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza womlomo, kuquka nomhlaza womhlathi, limalunga nama-68%. Kodwa ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza womhlathi. Ezinye iintlobo zeethumba zomhlaza eziqala kwithambo lomhlathi, ezifana ne-osteosarcoma kunye ne-primary intraosseous carcinoma, zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ezinye iintlobo zikhula kancinci. Ukuba isifo sifunyanwa kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa, sinokunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba sisasazeke.

Iithumba ezininzi zomhlaza ezibangelwa yimihlathi zinokuphinda zibuye emva konyango. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisana nawe ukucwangcisa amadinga okulandela ukuze akuncede uhlale 'uphilile'. Ukunyanga ithumba xa uphawu lokuqala lokubuyela kwalo kunokunceda ukugcina umhlaza womhlathi uphantsi kolawulo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unamaqhuma amatsha, izilonda ezingapholiyo, okanye amabala arhabaxa emlonyeni wakho angapholiyo kwiiveki ezimbini,Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Amaqhuma amatsha adla ngokuba luphawu lwemeko engeyomhlaza (engeyongozi), kodwa kufuneka ubonane nogqirha ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ukutyelela amazinyo rhoqo kwandisa amathuba okufumana ithumba kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu. Amaxesha amaninzi, iithumba zinokufunyanwa kwi-X-rays yamazinyo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba zifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba zisasazeke okanye zibangele iingxaki, unethuba elingcono lokufumana unyango olunokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungasasazeki okanye uthintele ukusasazeka kwawo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza wemihlathi endinalo?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze ukuze ndibone ukuba zisasazekile na?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango endiludingayo?
• Lithini ithuba lokuba ithumba libuye emva kotyando?
• Ndingazinyamekela njani xa ndisaphila emva kotyando?

Ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha emhlathini wakho, okanye ukuba unezinye iimpawu zomhlaza wemihlathi, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Uninzi lwabantu abaneethumba zomlomo - zombini ezinobungozi nezingenabungozi - baya kufuna utyando ukuze zisuswe. Ngomhlaza wemihlathi, unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo, olufana nonyango lwemitha, ukuthintela iqhuma ukuba lingabuyi. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweqhuma onalo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda okuthile koko sikuthethileyo malunga nomhlaza wemihlathi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule yile:

• Ukwazisa: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nasiphi na isifo. Nangona umhlaza womhlathi ungaqhelekanga, ukuqaphela kunokukunceda uqaphele iimpawu zomngcipheko kwangethuba.
• Ziphephe izinto ezibangela umhlaza womlomo: Ziphephe ukusebenzisa icuba kunye nokusela utywala kakhulu , nto leyo ebangela umhlaza womlomo.
• Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu: Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga emlonyeni okanye emhlathini wakho – iqhuma, isilonda esingapholiyo, indawo – kwaye sele ilapho kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha.
• Fumana uhlolo lwamazinyo rhoqo: Ugqirha wamazinyo unokuchonga naziphi na iingxaki kwasekuqaleni.
• Musa ukoyika, funa ingcebiso: Ukuba unamathandabuzo, thetha nogqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze unyango luphumelele.

Ndininqwenelela impilo entle nonke!

Umhlaza Wemihlathi , Umhlaza Wemihlathi, Umhlaza Womlomo, Iimpawu Zomhlaza, Unyango Lomhlaza, Ukutshaya, Utywala, Iingozi Zomhlaza