Owu, ngaba wena okanye usana lwakho niphuke ithambo? (Ukuqhekeka kwethambo) Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto!

Kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo nebangela ixhala ukucinga ukuba wena, umntwana wakho, okanye umntu omaziyo uza kwaphuka ithambo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungenzeka ngenxa yokuwa kancinci, ngelixa udlala, okanye kwanengozi encinci ngelixa ukhwele imoto. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni ithambo elaphukileyo, indlela yokuliqonda, into eyenziwa ngoogqirha ngalo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, indlela eliphilisa ngayo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ngokwenene ukwaphula ithambo?

Ngamafutshane, ithambo elaphukileyo lithetha ukuba ithambo elomeleleyo emzimbeni wethu liyaphuka okanye liyaqhekeka, nokuba liqhekekile ngokupheleleyo okanye kancinci. Thina oogqirha sidla ngokubiza oku ngokuthi 'kuqhekeka' . Nangona amathambo ethu enamandla kakhulu, ukuba aphantsi kwamandla angaphezu komda othile, njengokuwa okanye ukubethwa nzima, anokwaphuka. Cinga ngayo njengentonga yomthi, ungayigoba kancinci, kodwa wakufika kumda, iya kwaphuka, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto.

Kutheni siphuka amathambo ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba ithambo liphuke. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezizathu eziphambili.

• Ukuwa: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela ukuphuka kwamathambo, ingakumbi kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Abantwana abancinci banokuwa xa bebaleka, bekhwela imithi, okanye behleli nje ekhaya. Njengoko sikhula, ibhalansi yethu iyancipha kwaye amathambo ethu aba buthathaka, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba siphuke ithambo xa siwile.
• Iingozi: Amathambo anokwaphuka ngenxa yezinto ezifana neengozi zendlela, ukuwa kwindawo ephakamileyo, okanye iingozi emsebenzini.
• Ukulimala Kwemidlalo: Abadlali banokuphuka amathambo ngelixa bedlala imidlalo echaphazela kakhulu efana nekhilikithi, ibhola ekhatywayo, iragbi, okanye ukubaleka nokutsiba. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kunokwenzeka nokuba ufike kwindawo engaqhelekanga.
• Uxinzelelo Oluphindaphindayo: Xa uqhubeka nokwenza intshukumo efanayo, uxinzelelo oluncinci lunokubekwa kwithambo elichaphazelekayo. Abasebenzi basemkhosini kunye nabagijimi bemigama emide banokuphuka amathambo amancinci (`Stress Fractures`) ngenxa yezizathu ezinjalo.
• Ukuqhekeka Kwethambo: Ezinye iimeko, ezinje nge-osteoporosis kunye nomhlaza wamathambo, zinokwenza amathambo abe buthathaka kwaye zibangele ukuba aqhekeke nangamandla amancinci.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhekeka kwamathambo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokwaphuka kwamathambo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela aqhekeke ngayo amathambo kunye nohlobo lwamathambo aqhekekileyo. Oogqirha basebenzisa olu hlobo lokwahlulahlula ukuze bamisele iindlela zonyango. Makhe sijonge ngokufutshane ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zokwaphuka kwamathambo.

• Ukwaphuka kweGreenstick:Oku kufana nokuphula igqabi eliluhlaza, elimanzi, elinye icala liyaphuka kwaye elinye icala liyagoba. Licala elinye kuphela lethambo elaphukileyo ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa elinye icala ligobile nje. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu emathanjeni abantwana abancinci, kuba amathambo abo athambile kancinci kwaye aguquguquka ngakumbi.
• Ukuqhekeka kwebhakethi okanye iTorus: Oku kwenzeka xa elinye icala lethambo ligoba kancinci ngaphandle, njengeqhina elincinci. Elinye icala aliphukanga. Oku kukwayingozi eqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci.
• Ukuqhekeka kwethambo: Izihlunu zethu zinamathele emathanjeni ethu zii-tissue ezibizwa ngokuba zii-tendon. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa i-tendon isuka ekunamatheleni kwayo ethanjeni, iqhekeza lethambo linokuphuma ngaxeshanye. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-avulsion fracture.
• Ukwaphuka kwePlate yoKhula: Njengoko abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaselula bekhula, kukho iindawo ezikhethekileyo emathanjeni abo apho bakhula khona ixesha elide. Ezi ndawo sizibiza ngokuba ziiplate zokukhula. Ukuba ithambo liqhekeka kwenye yezi plate zokukhula, libizwa ngokuba kukuqhekeka kweplate yokukhula. Le yinto ekufuneka ixhalatyelwe kakhulu, kuba inokuchaphazela ukukhula kwethambo lomntwana kwixesha elizayo.
• Ukwaphuka koxinzelelo: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, xa ithambo liphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, njengakwiimbaleki, ukuqhekeka okuncinci kunokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwethambo. Oku akukokwaphuka okukhulu ngequbuliso, kodwa kukuqhekeka okuncinci okukhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphindaphindwayo.
• Ukwaphuka Okuqhekekileyo: Oku kukwaphuka okunzima ngakumbi. Oku kwenzeka xa ithambo liqhekeka libe ziingceba ezingaphezu kwezibini. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva kwengozi enkulu okanye ukubethwa kakhulu.
• Ukuqhekeka Koxinzelelo: Oku kulapho ithambo licinezelwa, lityunyuzwa, lize lilahlekelwe bubude balo. Kufana nesiponji esicinezelwayo. Olu hlobo lokuqhekeka lubonakala kakhulu kwithambo lomqolo, ingakumbi kubantu abadala abaneengxaki ezifana ne-osteoporosis.

Ezi zezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili. Ukongeza, kukho nezinye iintlobo zokwaphuka kwamathambo, kwaye ugqirha angakuxelela kuphela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokwaphuka kwamathambo ngokujonga i-X-ray.

Kuvakala njani xa siphuka ithambo? Zithini iimpawu?

Xa ithambo liqhekeka, linokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zicacile, ngelixa ezinye zingabonakali kangako.

• Intlungu: Olu luphawu oluphambili oluviwa phantse ngumntu wonke. Kukho iintlungu eziqatha kwindawo apho kwaqhekeka khona. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintlungu zenza kube nzima ukuhambisa indawo echaphazelekayo.
• Ukudumba: Indawo ejikeleze ukwaphuka iza kuqala ukudumba. Le yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo ngokwendalo.
• Ukudumba/Ukutshintsha kombala: Igazi liphuma phantsi kolusu kwindawo apho kuqhekeke khona, nto leyo ebangela ukuba indawo ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imfusa, okanye ityheli. Ibonakala ngathi kukudumba okukhulu.
• Ubunzima bokuHamba:Ingalo, umlenze, okanye elinye ilungu elaphukileyo linokwenza kube nzima ukulishukumisa okanye ukulisebenzisa ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
• Ukukhubazeka: Kwezinye iindawo ezaphukileyo kakhulu, ilungu lomzimba linokolulwa lize libonakale limile ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Olu luphawu oluyingozi kwaye kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuqhekeka Okuvulekileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha iqhekeza lethambo eliphukileyo linokwaphuka eluswini lize liphume. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'open fracture' (okanye ukuqhekeka okudibeneyo) . Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kuba kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokopha nokosuleleka.
• I-Crepitus: Xa iziqwenga zamathambo eziphukileyo zingqubana, isandi esingaqhelekanga, njengesandi 'esiqhekezayo', sinokuvakala xa indawo ichukunyiswa okanye ishukunyiswa .

Kubalulekile: Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musani ukuyityeshela loo nto njengenxeba nje. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Oogqirha bajonga njani ukuba ithambo laphukile?

Xa usiya kugqirha onethambo elaphukileyo, baza kuqala bakubuze ukuba kwenzeke njani kwaye libuhlungu kangakanani. Emva koko, baza kuhlola ngononophelo ithambo elaphukileyo elicingelwayo. Baza kukhangela ukudumba, utshintsho kwimilo, intshukumo, kunye nentlungu xa bechukunyiswa.

Emva koko, kuyalelwa i-X-ray ukuze kuchongwe ukuba ithambo laphukile na, likuphi, kwaye laphukile njani. I-X-ray ingabonisa izinto ezininzi ngokucacileyo, njengokuthi ithambo laphukile njani, liphukile phi, kwaye ingaba iziqwenga zamathambo zisusiwe na. Kwezinye iindawo ezintsonkothileyo, kunokwenziwa i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan.

Uphilisa njani amathambo aphukileyo? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Eyona njongo iphambili yokunyanga ithambo elaphukileyo kukubuyisela iziqwenga eziphukileyo ndawonye ngokufanelekileyo nokuze zihlale endaweni yazo. Kulapho kuphela apho ithambo linokuphola ngokufanelekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku.

• Ukuphosa: Le yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo. I-cast eqinileyo ifakwa engalweni ephukileyo, emlenzeni, okanye kwenye indawo yomzimba. Oku kunceda ithambo eliphukileyo liphile kakuhle ngokulivala. Ubude bexesha ekufuneka lisetyenziswe i-cast buxhomekeke kwindawo ephukileyo kuyo, uhlobo lokwaphuka, kunye nobudala bomntu.
• I-Splint okanye i-Brace: Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi xa kukho ukudumba okukhulu ekuqaleni, kusetyenziswa i-support esuswayo (nokuba yi-'splint' okanye i-'brace') engaqinanga njenge-cast. I-cast ingafakwa emva kokuba ukudumba kuphelile.
• Ukunciphisa: Ngamanye amaxesha ithambo elaphukileyo linokususwa, iziqwenga ezibini zishukuma ziye phambili nangasemva. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ugqirha uya kuzidibanisa iziqwenga.Iplasta ifakwa emva kokuba 'ibekwe'. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yisetingi', kwaye kwintetho yezonyango kuthiwa `(Reduction)`.
• Ukunciphisa Okuvaliweyo: Kule meko, iziqwenga zamathambo zilungiswa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokusikwa kwesikhumba. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia ekhaphukhaphu (i-anesthesia), njengoko kunokuba buhlungu kancinci.
• Ukunciphisa Okuvulekileyo kunye Nokulungiswa Kwangaphakathi (ORIF): Kwiimeko ezithile zokuqhekeka okukhulu, okanye ukuba Ukunciphisa Okuvaliweyo akusebenzi kakuhle, kwenziwa utyando lokususa iziqwenga zamathambo eziphukileyo kunye nokuzilungisa ngaphakathi kusetyenziswa iingcingo, iipleyiti, izikrufu, kunye neepini.
• Ukuqina Kwangaphandle: Kwiingozi ezibuhlungu kakhulu neziqhekekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ifreyimu yesinyithi isetyenziselwa ukubamba iziqwenga zamathambo endaweni yazo.

Ukongeza, ugqirha uya kunika amayeza afana neepilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu kwaye mhlawumbi nee-antibiotics (kwimeko yokwaphuka kwamathambo avulekileyo).

Ayimangalisi na le nto? Ithambo elisemzimbeni wethu liphola njani?

Ukuphiliswa kwamathambo yinkqubo emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi emizimbeni yethu. Makhe sijonge indlela eyenzeka ngayo inyathelo ngenyathelo.

1. Ukwakheka kweHematoma: Okokuqala, kwangoko nje ukuba ithambo liphuke, igazi liqala ukujikeleza indawo ephuke kuyo, lenze ihlwili legazi (okanye i-hematoma). Oku kukhusela indawo ephuke kuyo kwaye kuqala ukuqokelela iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo ukuze zinyangwe.

2. Ukwakheka kweCallus: Emva koko, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, izicubu ezintsha ezithambileyo ('i-soft callus') ziqala ukwakheka zijikeleze iziqwenga zamathambo ezimbini eziphukileyo apho kwakukho khona ihlwili legazi. Oku kufana nentsini, kudibanisa iziqwenga zamathambo ezimbini eziphukileyo kunye. Ekuhambeni kwexesha (kwiiveki ezimbalwa), le "callus" ithambileyo iqokelela i-calcium kancinci kancinci ize ibe yi- "bony callus" eqinileyo neyomeleleyo ('i-hard callus') . Yingakho kuthiwa iplasta ishiywa ixesha elide. Khusela le "callus" ide ivele kakuhle kwaye ithambo lomelele.

3. Ukulungiswa Kwamathambo: I-callus entsha, enamandla, ekuqaleni inokuba nkulu kancinci kwaye yahluke kwimo yokuqala yethambo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha (iinyanga ezimbalwa, mhlawumbi unyaka okanye emibini), iiseli ezikhethekileyo emzimbeni wethu (ii-osteoclasts kunye nee-osteoblasts) ziyawaphula la mathambo matsha, ziwakhe kwakhona, kwaye ziwabumbe ngokutsha amathambo abe kwimo yawo yokuqala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Bone Remodeling.

Ngoko ke ungabona, indlela emangalisayo ngayo inkqubo yokuba ithambo liphile. Umonde nexesha zibaluleke kakhulu kule nto.

Ngoko ke, masikhumbule oku! (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Ukuphula ithambo yinto eyoyikisayo nebuhlungu kuye nabani na. Kodwa ukuba awuphazami, uliqonde kakuhle, kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, linokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo.

• Kwakuba nje kukho into encinci yokurhanelwa ukuba nihlukene,Musa ukucinga nje ukuba kukukrweleka okanye ukukrweleka, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Okukhona ulinda ixesha elide, kokukhona kuza kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphola kwaye kokukhona unokuba neengxaki ezininzi.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo, ingakumbi malunga nobude bexesha omele uligcine iplasta (i-cast), amayeza, kunye nokuzilolonga. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza.
• Lumka ngakumbi ngokwaphuka kwamathambo ebantwaneni, ingakumbi lawo achaphazela amalungu (ipleyiti yokukhula), kuba anokuchaphazela ukukhula kwabo kwixesha elizayo.
• Kuthatha ixesha ukuba ithambo liphole. Yiba nomonde ngalo. Nika umzimba wakho ixesha olidingayo ukuze wenze umsebenzi wawo ngokufanelekileyo.
• Nokuba sele isusiwe iplasta, ukwenza umthambo we-physiotherapy njengoko ugqirha ecebisa kuya kunceda kakhulu ekubuyiseleni intshukumo namandla kuloo malungu.
• Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, ungaze woyike okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho kwakhona. Unelungelo lokwaziswa ngempilo yakho.

Ngoko ke, lumka! Ukuba kwenzeka ingozi, ungoyiki, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Amathambo aphukileyo, ukwaphuka, ukwaphuka, unyango lweplasta, ukuphiliswa kwamathambo, ukwaphuka kwamathambo ebantwaneni, inkqubo yokuphiliswa kwamathambo