Ngaba umntwana wakho usoloko ecinga ngezinto ezigqithisileyo okanye esenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo? Isenokuba yi-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)!

Xa sijonga izinto ezenziwa ngabantwana bethu abancinci, ngamanye amaxesha siziva simangalisiwe, akunjalo? Kodwa ukuba ucinga ukuba eminye yemikhwa neengcinga zabo zingaqhelekanga kwaye ziyinkathazo kumntwana, sifanele sikhathazeke kancinci ngayo. Ngamaxesha anjalo, enye into esifanele sicinge ngayo yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yi-'OCD' (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder). Musa ukoyika, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula.

Yintoni i-'OCD'?

Ngamafutshane, umntwana one-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) uneengcinga ezinzima kakhulu ukuzilawula nezibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu. Kwakhona, umntwana uziva enyanzelekile ukwenza izinto ezithile ade angakwazi ukuzenza, nokuba kukunciphisa uloyiko noxinzelelo olubangelwa zezo ngcinga okanye ukoyika ukuba into embi iza kwenzeka ngokwenene. Ezi asizozinto umntwana azenzayo ngokuzithandela.

Ngaba 'i-OCD' imalunga nje nokucoceka?

Kulapho abantu abaninzi benza khona impazamo encinci. 'OCD' ayikokuba mhle nje kuphela, ukugcina yonke into icocekile. Xa abantwana besebancinci, bathanda ukubeka amathoyizi ngokulandelelana baze bawahlele ngokwemibala. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa 'OCD' yinto eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko enjalo, umntwana wenza ezo zinto kungekhona ngenxa yothando okanye ngenxa yokuzonwabisa. Kungenxa yokuba unengcinezelo enamandla kunye nokunyanzelwa ukuba akwenze oko. Ukuba akakwenzi, uziva enoloyiko olukhulu kunye noxinzelelo.

Ziziphi "iimvakalelo ezigqithisileyo" ezenzeka kwi-"OCD"?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba ezi ngcinga ziphazamisayo, okanye ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"obsessions" kwisayensi yezonyango, zinokuba njani engqondweni yomntwana one-"OCD." Ezi azizongcinga nje kuphela, kodwa ziingcinga ezibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye noloyiko kumntwana.

• Ukuhlala ucinga ukuba umntu uza kungena engxakini, agule, okanye afe: Umzekelo, unokuba noloyiko olufana nolu, "Ukuba andikwenzi oku ngendlela eyiyo, kuza kwenzeka into ethile kumama."
• Ukuva ngathi yonke into izele ziintsholongwane kwaye ingcolile: Ukuva ukuba nokuba uchukumisa ucango okanye ithoyi kungcoliswe ziintsholongwane.
• Ingcamango yokuba yonke into mayibe ngolungelelwano, ibe yinto enye, kwaye ibe ngokuchanekileyo: ingcamango yokuba izinto ezifana nendlela iincwadi ezicwangciswe ngayo, indlela izihlangu ezicwangciswe ngayo, njalo njalo, mazibe zilingana ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zifane.
• Ukukholelwa ukuba izinto ezithile zinethamsanqa/azinathamsanqa, zilungile/zimbi, zikhuselekile/ziyingozi: umzekelo, iinkolelo ezingenangqondo ezifana nokubhala ngepeni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziya kukunceda uphumelele uviwo, kwaye ukudweba ngomnyama kuya kuzisa amashwa.
• Uloyiko lokuba iingcinga ezimbi (umz., ukuxhaphaza umntu) ziya kwenzeka ngenene.

Xa iingcinga ezinje zifika engqondweni yomntwana, akanakuzilawula, aze azisole kakhulu ngaloo nto.

Zithini 'iiCompulsions' okanye 'iiRituals' ezenzeka kwi-'OCD'?

Ngoku, xa kufika iingcinga eziphazamisayo, umntwana uziva enyanzelekile ukwenza izinto ezithile, nokuba kukunciphisa uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo olubangelwa zezo ngcinga, okanye ukoyika ukuba kukho into embi eza kwenzeka ngokwenene. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-'(Compulsions)' okanye '(Rituals)'. NgesiSinhala, yinto efana ne-'(வா பணியான்)'.

• Ukuhlamba nokucoca ngokuphindaphindiweyo: Ukwenza izinto ezinje ngokuhlamba izandla, ukuhlamba, nokucoca izinto ngokuphindaphindiweyo nangokugqithisileyo.
• Ukucima, ukucima, nokubhala ngokutsha oko ukubhalileyo, ukwenza kwakhona oko ukwenzileyo: Ukucima nokubhala kwakhona igama izihlandlo ezininzi, ungathandabuzi ukuba lichanekile na.
• Ukuphinda igama, ibinzana, okanye umbuzo (nokuba buthule okanye ngokuvakalayo).
• Ukujonga izinto izihlandlo ezininzi, hayi kanye okanye kabini: Ukujonga izihlandlo ezininzi ukubona ukuba ucango lutshixiwe okanye izibane zicinyiwe.
• Ukuchukumisa, ukucofa, okanye ukunyathela ngendlela engaqhelekanga: Ukuziva ngathi kufuneka uchukumise izinto ezithile, okanye ukuba awufuni ukuzichukumisa. Njengokunyathela kuphela ecaleni kwendlela xa uhamba esitalatweni.
• Ukufuna ukugcina izinto zihlelekile: Ukuvakalelwa ngathi izinto ezifana namathoyizi, iincwadi, neempahla kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela ethile nangendlela ethile.

Nangona umntwana esenokuziva ekhululekile okwethutyana xa esenza ezi zenzo, emva kwexesha elithile iingcinga eziphazamisayo ziqala ukubuya. Emva koko kufuneka azenze kwakhona ezi zenzo. Kufana nomjikelo.

Oku kuvakalelwa njani kumntwana one-OCD?

Khawuthelekelele, xa umntwana omncinci ene-'OCD', uziva ngathi uvalelekile. Ulwa nezi ngcinga ezigqithisileyo kunye nemikhwa yokuzibamba. Umzekelo, umntwana one-'OCD' usenokucinga oku: "Ukuba andizichukumisi kakuhle zonke iikona ezine zale tafile, umama uza kugula aze afe." Umntwana usenokuyazi ukuba ezi zinto azisoze zenzeke. Nangona kunjalo, uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo engqondweni yakhe lukhulu kangangokuba kufuneka enze 'isiko' ukuthintela loo nto imbi ukuba yenzeke.

Ekuqaleni, umntwana usenokuziva ngcono kancinci xa esenza lo mkhwa. Kodwa okwenzekayo nge-'OCD' kukuba le mikhwa icaphukisayo iyanda kancinci kancinci. Ixesha kunye nomgudu ochithwayo ukuyenza uyanda. Endaweni yokwenza umntwana azive ngcono, le mikhwa imzisela uxinezeleko olungakumbi kunye nokudinwa. Umntwana akafuni ngokwenene ukucinga ezi ngcinga okanye ukwenza le mikhwa. Kodwa ngenxa ye-'OCD', akanakuyiyeka.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bayazibuza, "Kutheni ndicinga oku? Kutheni ndisenza oku?" Basenokungaqondi ukuba ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ngenxa yemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-OCD.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu?

Ngoko ke, ukuba wena, mntwana ofunda oku, unezi ngcinga zingalawulekiyo nezikhathazayo, okanye ukuba uziva ufuna ukwenza izinto ezithile ongenakukwazi ukuzinceda ngaphandle kokuzenza, ungoyiki. Awuwedwa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umntu omdala omthembileyo ngale nto. Baza kukunceda.

Njengomzali , kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungoyiki ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha into efana nale, okanye ukuba ubona olu tshintsho kwindlela aziphethe ngayo umntwana wakho.Musa ukumgxeka umntwana okanye ukumgxeka ngokuthi "ucinga nje." Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukumusa kugqirha wezifo zabantwana okanye kwingcali yengqondo yabantwana ukuze abone ukuba le yi-OCD.

Khumbula, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kuya kunika umntwana isiqabu esikhulu.

Kutheni abanye abantwana beba ne-OCD?

Abazali abaninzi bayazibuza, "Ngaba senze into engalunganga?" okanye "Ngaba umntwana wenze into engalunganga?" Akukho nto injalo. Izazinzulu azikafumani sizathu sithile se-OCD. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba iimpembelelo ezithile zemfuza zinokubangela ukuba abanye abantwana bahlakulele ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ukuze banciphise uxinzelelo. Ukungalingani kwiikhemikhali ezithile engqondweni (ii-neurotransmitters) nako kunokudlala indima.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba oku akulotyala lomntwana okanye lomzali. Akuyonto eyenziwa ngumntwana wakho ngabom, kwaye akuyongxaki ekukhuliseni umntwana wakho.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, kukho unyango olunokunceda! Ungamnceda umntwana wakho ahlukane nezi ngcinga zibambekileyo nemikhwa ebuhlungu. Kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-OCD?

Unyango oluphambili nolusebenzayo kubantwana abane-OCD yi-CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy). NgesiSinhala, lithetha 'unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo'.

Indlela yonyango ebizwa ngokuba yi-'CBT' (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

Oku kubandakanya umntwana (ngamanye amaxesha kunye nabazali) ukuthetha nogqirha wengqondo kunye nokufunda okungakumbi ngale meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'OCD'.

Ingcali yezonyango iza kuchazela umntwana ngakumbi nge-OCD. Umzekelo, baza kuchaza ukuba ezi ngcinga zixineneyo kunye noloyiko zifana 'nokuxinana' kancinci engqondweni, okanye 'iqhinga' elidlalwa yingqondo ukuze ikwenze ucinge ukuba kukho into embi eza kwenzeka ukuba awuyenzi le nkqubo. Bobabini umntwana kunye nomzali baza kufunda ukuba ukwenza le nkqubo kuya kwenza i-OCD ibe namandla ngakumbi. Baza kufunda nokuba okukhona beziqhelisa ukungayenzi le nkqubo, kokukhona i-OCD iya kuba buthathaka.

Oko kufundwa ngabantwana kwi-'CBT'

Oku kunokuvakala kulula, kodwa kunzima kakhulu kumntwana one-OCD ukuyeka ngequbuliso le mikhwa icaphukisayo. Yiyo loo nto olu nyango lufundisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo kunye nezakhono zokunceda kule nto. Kunyango lwe-CBT, abantwana bafunda izinto ezinje:

• Indlela yokujongana noxinzelelo kunye noloyiko, kunye nendlela yokuzilawula.
• Izakhono zokuzola.
• Yintoni omawuyenze xa ingcinga ephazamisayo ifika engqondweni, indlela yokuphendula kuyo.
• Indlela yokoyisa 'amaqhinga' e-OCD ngaphandle kokuwaxhasa.
• Indlela yokujongana noloyiko lwakho kancinci nangokukhuselekileyo.
• Indlela yokuyeka kancinci kancinci umkhwa ombi (`Isiko`).
• Indlela yokulawula i-OCD nokwandisa ukuzithemba.

Njengoko umntwana eziqhelisela ezi zakhono zintsha, iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-OCD ziyancipha kancinci kancinci kwaye ziyanyamalala. Abantwana bafunda ukuba banokususa iingcinga eziphazamisayo ngaphandle kokwenza amasiko. Baziva belawula iingcinga zabo, iimvakalelo zabo, kunye nokuziphatha kwabo kwakhona.

Amayeza

Kwabanye abantwana, kunye nolu nyango lwe-'CBT', ugqirha anganika amayeza okunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-'OCD'. Oku akufuneki kuye wonke umntu. Kugqitywa ngugqirha ofanelekileyo, ecinga ngezinto ezifana nemeko yomntwana kunye nobunzima beempawu.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni, i-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) yimeko enokuba yingxaki enkulu kumntwana, kodwa ayisiyonto ekufuneka inyanyezelwe yodwa. Kwaye ayilotyala lomntu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona le meko ngokuchanekileyo uze uqale unyango olufanelekileyo, ngakumbi i-'CBT' (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kunceda abantwana boyise ezi ngcinga nemikhwa ebakhathazayo. Baza kuba nethuba elihle lokubuyisela ulawulo lweengqondo zabo, benze izinto abazithandayo, baphumelele kwizifundo zabo, kwaye bonwabe nabahlobo babo. Uthando lwakho, ukuqonda, kunye nenkxaso yakho zibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wakho ngeli xesha.

I- OCD, i-OCD ebantwaneni, iingcinga ezingapheliyo, imikhwa yokuzibamba, impilo yengqondo, i-CBT, unyango