Yintoni i-autoimmune? Kutheni imizimba yethu isichasa?

Ngaba wakha weva ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, amajoni afanele ukusikhusela kwizifo, ngamanye amaxesha ayaziphatha kakubi aze asihlasele? Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo? Kodwa yinyani. Kufana nenja yomlindi endlwini yethu engasaziyo ize isilume. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-autoimmunity kwezonyango. Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula neqondakala lula namhlanje.

Yintoni iNkqubo yoKhuseleko loMzimba - umkhuseli omkhulu womzimba wethu?

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ifana nomkhosi ongaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Lo mkhosi unamajoni amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, wenziwe ngamalungu akhethekileyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli (ingakumbi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi), kunye neeproteni ezifana nee-antibodies .

Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukubona iintshaba ezingena emzimbeni zivela ngaphandle. Oko kukuthi:

• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane
• Iifungi
• Ezinye iintsholongwane kunye nezinto zangaphandle

Xa ezi ntshaba zichongiwe, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iyahlasela ize izitshabalalise. Okanye iyenza buthathaka amandla azo. Yiyo loo nto singaguli rhoqo. Nokuba siyagula, yinkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba esinceda siphinde siphile ngokukhawuleza. Ayimangalisi na le ndlela yokusebenza emzimbeni wethu?

Ngoko ke, yintoni le ngxaki malunga nokuzikhusela komzimba?

Khawuthelekelele nje, umkhosi wethu wokhuselo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, uqala ukuhlasela amajoni awo, iiseli eziphilileyo kunye nezicubu zomzimba wethu, ngenxa yempazamo encinci. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-autoimmunity . Igama elithi "Auto" lithetha "umntu." Igama elithi "Immunity" lithetha i-immunity. Ngoko ke uyaqonda, le yindawo apho i-immunity yakho izihlasela khona.

Oku kufana nomkhosi, omele ukhusele ilizwe, udubula ngengozi abantu abamsulwa kwilizwe lawo. Okwenzekayo kukuba amalungu omzimba wethu atshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci.

Okwenzekayo koku asikuko ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, kodwa kukuba iyaphambuka. Oko kukuthi, ayikwazi ukwahlula phakathi "kobuqu" kunye "nokwangaphandle." Ngenxa yoko, iqala ukuvelisa ii-antibodies , okanye, masithi, "izixhobo ezingaqondwanga kakuhle," nxamnye namalungu omzimba wayo, icinga ukuba "ziintshaba." Sikwabiza ezi autoantibodies .

Kutheni oku kusenzeka emizimbeni yethu? Zithini izizathu?

Isizathu esichanekileyo sezi meko zokuzikhusela komzimba asikaziwa, kodwa izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukudibana kwezinto kunokudlala indima.

• Utyekelo lwemfuza: Ukuba abanye abantu baneemeko ezinje kwiintsapho zabo, banokuba nethuba lokuziphuhlisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimfuza zethu zinokusinika amandla amancinci. Kodwa akunakutshiwo ukuba ziphuhla ngenxa nje yemfuza.
• Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezikwimeko-bume yethu, ezinje ngosulelo, amayeza athile, ukutshaya, okanye amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo, zinokubangela "inaliti yokuqala" yempendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu onesifo semfuza unokuba nethuba lokufumana le meko xa echaphazeleka yinto ekwimeko-bume efana nale.
• IiHormone: Ezinye izifo ezihlasela umzimba zixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi, ngoko ke kucingelwa ukuba iihomoni zabasetyhini zidlala indima.
• Ezinye izifo: Kukwakho nengcamango yokuba emva kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ziintsholongwane, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle, kwaye le meko inokuqala.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba esi ayisosifo sisasazekayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba asinakusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, nokuba kukuthintana okanye ukwabelana ngokutya nokusela. Kwakhona, oku akulona ityala lakho.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba? Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo.

Kuthiwa kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-80 zezifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Ezinye zaziwa kakhulu, ezinye aziziwa kangako. Ezi zifo zinokuchaphazela phantse naliphi na ilungu lomzimba. Makhe sijonge eminye yemizekelo eqhelekileyo.

• Uhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile: Kule meko, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli ezikwipancreas ezivelisa i-hormone i- insulin . I-insulin ibalulekile ekulawuleni amanqanaba eswekile emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke xa ezi seli zitshatyalalisiwe, i-insulin ayisekho.
• I-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Kule meko, amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela amalungu. Amalungu ayadumba, aqine, kwaye abe buhlungu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imo yamalungu inokutshintsha.
• I-Lupus (SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus): I-Lupus sisifo esintsonkothileyo esichaphazela amasosha omzimba esingachaphazeli nje indawo enye yomzimba, kodwa neenkqubo ezininzi zamalungu omzimba, ezifana nolusu, amalungu, izintso, ingqondo kunye nentliziyo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Kwesi sifo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela isigqubuthelo sokukhusela (i-myelin sheath) esijikeleze imicu yemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni nakwintambo yomqolo. Oku kubangela iingxaki ngokudluliselwa kwemiyalezo ngemithambo-luvo.
• I-Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-thyroid gland, i-gland efana nebhabhathane entanyeni yethu. Oku kubangela ukwehla kwemveliso yeehomoni ze-thyroid, nto leyo ebangela i-hypothyroidism.
• Isifo seGraves: Esi sisifo esichaphazela i-thyroid gland. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, i-thyroid gland iba namandla kakhulu ize ivelise i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu (hyperthyroidism).
• Isifo samathumbu esibangela ukudumba (IBD):Oku kuquka iimeko ezifana neCrohn's Disease kunye neUlcerative Colitis, ezibangela ukudumba okungapheliyo kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, ingakumbi amathumbu.

Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Iimpawu kunye nemiphumo yesifo ngasinye yahlukile.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zale meko?

Iimpawu zesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba ziyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo kunye nenxalenye yomzimba esichaphazelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa kwizifo ezininzi zokuzikhusela komzimba.

• Ukudinwa rhoqo nokudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe nangona ulele kakuhle.
• Intlungu yamalungu, ukudumba, ukuqina kwawo.
• Iingxaki zolusu: Ukurhawuzelelwa okuhlukeneyo, ukubomvu kolusu, maxa wambi amabala amile okwebhabhathane ebusweni (njengakwi-lupus).
• Iintlungu zesisu okanye iingxaki zokugaya ukutya.
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi ophindaphindayo.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
• Ukuba ndindisholo emalungeni okanye ukuziva ngathi ziimbovane ziyabaleka.
• Ukulahleka kweenwele.

Ukuba unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba. Ezi zinokubangelwa zezinye izizathu ezilula. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka okanye ziyanda, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Enye into kukuba iimpawu zezi zifo zokuzikhusela komzimba zinokuvela ngequbuliso (flare-ups) zize ziphele okwethutyana (remission). Ke ngoko, nangona ufumana unyango, esi sifo sinokuya sibi ngequbuliso.

Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani imeko yokuzikhusela komzimba? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukufumanisa isifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kuba iimpawu zihlala zingacacanga kwaye zifana nezinye izifo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha uya kwenza izinto ezinje:

1. Uza kubuzwa iinkcukacha: zeziphi iimpawu onazo, ixesha elide unazo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba nezigulo ezifanayo.

2. Wenza uvavanyo lomzimba: Uhlola umzimba.

3. Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu.

• Uvavanyo olufana ne -ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) kunye ne-CRP (C-Reactive Protein) ukujonga ukudumba emzimbeni.
• Uvavanyo olukhangela ii-autoantibodies ezithile, oko kukuthi, ii-antibodies eziveliswa nxamnye nemizimba yethu. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) . Ukuba oku kuqinisekile, kurhanelwa imeko ye-autoimmune.
• Kukwakho novavanyo oluthile lwee-antibody kwezinye izifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni.

4. Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ngamanye amaxesha ii-X-ray, ii-scan, njl.njl., kuxhomekeke kwilungu elichaphazelekileyo.Uvavanyo lokufota okanye i-biopsy (equka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili uze ulijonge phantsi kwe-microscope) nayo inokwenziwa.

Emva kokwenza konke oku, ugqirha ufikelela kwisigqibo.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku? Ungakulawula njani? (Unyango kunye noLawulo)

Nangona izifo ezininzi ezibangela ukuzikhusela komzimba zingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olusebenzayo olunokunceda ukulawula esi sifo, ukunciphisa iimpawu, nokwenza ubomi bube lula. Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Ukunciphisa iimpawu: Ukulawula izinto ezifana neentlungu, ukudumba, kunye nokudinwa.
• Ukulawula iinkqubo zokuzikhusela komzimba: Ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wayo.
• Ukukhusela amandla omzimba okulwa nezifo zokwenyani: Ukulawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kuphela ngokomlinganiselo ofunekayo, ngaphandle kokuyicinezela kakhulu.
• Ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela umonakalo kwizitho zomzimba.

Ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengonyango:

• Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala: Amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana neeNSAID (Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala angasebenzisi iisteroid) anciphisa iintlungu nokudumba.
• IiCorticosteroids: Umzekelo, iPrednisolone. Ezi zinokulawula ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nokudumba. Nangona kunjalo, zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide, ngoko ke kufuneka zithathwe kuphela njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha.
• Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba: La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ethintela ukuba ingonakalisi umzimba wakho. La mayeza kufuneka asetyenziswe phantsi kweliso likagqirha.
• Amayeza ebhayoloji: La ngamayeza amatsha, ajoliswe ngqo anceda ukulawula isifo ngokuchaphazela kuphela iindawo ezithile zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. La mayeza anokuba nexabiso eliphantsi.
• Unyango oluthile lweempawu: Umzekelo, isifo seswekile sidinga i-insulin. Iintlungu zamalungu zinokunyangwa nge-physiotherapy.

Ukongeza kumayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lubaluleke kakhulu:

• Ukutya okunesondlo: ukutya okunesondlo kunye nesiselo.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Njengoko kufanelekile emzimbeni.
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo: Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga.
• Ukulala ngokwaneleyo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.

Malunga nokuphila nesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, kuba uninzi lwazo zizifo ezingapheliyo, oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala ixesha elide.

Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela ziphila ngempumelelo phantsi kwezi meko.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile:

• Gcina ulwalamano oluhle nogqirha wakho. Yiya kwiikliniki njengoko kucwangcisiwe, usele amayeza akho njengoko kumiselwe, kwaye uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo.
• Zifundise ngesi sifo sakho. Emva koko uya kuqonda indlela yokuphila naso.
• Fumana inkxaso kusapho nakubahlobo. Baxelele ngemeko yakho.
• Kwakhona luncedo kakhulu ukuba unokujoyina amaqela enkxaso nabantu abakwimeko efanayo.
• Qonda ukuba kunokubakho amaxesha okwanda kweempawu (ukudumba) kunye namaxesha okuncipha kweempawu (ukungaphumli). Lungiselela oku kwangaphambili.
• Nyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Funa iingcebiso ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo malunga nokuzikhusela komzimba esithethe ngazo namhlanje.

• Ukuzikhusela komzimba kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli kunye nezicubu zethu ezisempilweni.
• Asikuko oku okubangela ingxaki, kwaye asikuko nokuba wenze into ethile. Kwaye asikuko isifo esosulelayo.
• Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, ezinokuchaphazela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba.
• Iimpawu zinokwahluka kwaye zingacacanga. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka, kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Nangona izifo ezininzi zokuzikhusela komzimba zingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olusebenzayo olunokulawula iimpawu kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga isifo kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango oluqhubekayo noluchanekileyo.
• Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Ngeengcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, ungaphila kakuhle nale meko.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye ingcali.

` ukuzikhusela komzimba, amajoni omzimba, izifo ezikhusela umzimba, izifo ezikhusela umzimba, amajoni omzimba, impilo yaseSri Lanka, inqaku lezonyango laseSinhala