Singathetha ngolu hlobo lukhethekileyo lwesifo seswekile olukhula kubantu abadala (iLatent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults - LADA)?

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo olwahlukileyo kancinci lwesifo seswekile. Usenokuba awuzange uve nto ingako ngaso. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-LADA, emele i-Latent Autoimmune Diabetes kubantu abadala. Oku kusenokuvakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa masikwahlule kube yingcaciso elula yento eyenzekayo.

Yintoni kanye kanye iLADA?

Ngamafutshane, kwesi sifo seswekile esibizwa ngokuba yi-LADA, iimpawu zohlobo lokuqala lweswekile (`isifo seswekile sohlobo 1`) kunye neempawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile (`isifo seswekile sohlobo 2`) zinokubonakala. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu besibiza ngokuba yi`isifo seswekile sohlobo 1.5` . Ukuchaneka, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba oku kubangelwa sisiphene kwinkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi`autoimmune condition`). Nangona kunjalo, sifunyanwa kakhulu xa umntu ekhulile, oko kukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50. Enye into ekhethekileyo kukuba, njenge`sifo seswekile sohlobo 2`, sikhula kancinci kancinci kwiimpawu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sidla ngokuchongwa gwenxa njenge`sifo seswekile sohlobo 2`.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-LADA?

Nangona abantu abaninzi bengazange beve nge-LADA, eneneni ayinqabile kangako. Izifundo zibonise ukuba phakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-12% yabantu abafunyenwe benesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini basenokuba ne-LADA. Cinga nje, malunga nezigidi ezingama-530 zabantu abadala kwihlabathi liphela banesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Oko kuthetha ukuba izigidi zabantu zinokuba ne-LADA! Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Zithini iimpawu ze-LADA?

Iimpawu ze-LADA zifana kakhulu nezo zezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile. Jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zivakala ziqhelekile na kuwe:

• Ukusoloko unxaniwe (i-polydipsia).
• Isidingo sokuchama rhoqo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Umbono ofipheleyo .
• Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (ukudinwa).
• Ulusu olomileyo nolurhawuzelayo .

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Yintoni ebangela i-LADA?

Abaphandi bacinga ukuba i-LADA yenzeka kuba ii-antibodies zomzimba wethu zihlasela ngempazamo kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas yethu. Njengoko usazi, i-insulin yi-hormone enceda iiseli zethu ukuba zithathe iswekile (i-glucose) egazini lethu kwaye ziyisebenzisele amandla. Ngoko ke, xa i-insulin ingaveliswanga kakuhle, iswekile (i-glucose) iyaqokelelana egazini. Ngale ndlela, ifana nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 kufuneka bathathe i-insulin injections ukuze baphile. Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 sidla ngokufunyaniswa ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni.

Nangona kunjalo, njengesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, i-LADA ifunyaniswa xa umntu emdala, kwaye iimpawu zibonakala kancinci kancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-pancreas yakho iyanciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-insulin kancinci kancinci. Ngoko ke iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kwangoko. Usenokungadingi inaliti ye-insulin kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka . Yingakho abanye oogqirha ekuqaleni becinga ukuba sisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, kungekhona i-LADA.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezikhethekileyo ezibangela i-LADA?

Akukho 'zinto zibangela' i-LADA. Oku kungenxa yokuba yinto engaphaya kwamandla akho, ebangelwa yinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha usenokungazi nokuba une-LADA. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-pancreas yakho isavelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo ukuba ingabangela iimpawu.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-LADA?

I-LADA inezakhi zofuzo ezinamandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba abazali bakho okanye ootatomkhulu noomakhulu bakho banale meko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyifumane. Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba izinto ezingqongileyo kunye nezinto zendlela yokuphila, ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu, zinokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-LADA. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azizo zodwa izizathu.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-LADA

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ivela ekunganyangweni kwesi sifo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba sibonakala ngathi sisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, usenokungaqali unyango lwe-insulin ngokukhawuleza njengoko kufuneka. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ezifana nokonakala kwezintso .

I-ketoacidosis enxulumene nesifo seswekile (i-DKA) yingxaki enkulu kakhulu, enokuba yingozi ebomini ye-LADA. Yenzeka xa isibindi sakho siqala ukuqhekeza amafutha omzimba ukuze sifumane amandla xa iiseli zakho zingenaso iglucose eyaneleyo (iswekile yegazi) yokuyisebenzisa ukuze sifumane amandla. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango.

Ifunyanwa njani i-LADA?

I-LADA idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abadala abafunyenwe benesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, xa ungakwazi ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ngamayeza omlomo (afana ne-metformin) kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (njengokutya ukutya okunesondlo), oogqirha banokukrokrela ukuba isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1.5 (esaziwa ngokuba yi-LADA).

Ugqirha wakho angaxilonga i-LADA ngovavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-GAD Antibodies Test (`GAD Antibodies Test` - `glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies`) . Oku kuhlola ubukho be-`autoantibodies` ezihlasela i-glutamic acid decarboxylase (`GAD`). Ukuba unala ma-autoantibodies egazini lakho, kuthetha ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esichaphazela i-pancreas yakho. Ukuba ungumntu omdala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-LADA.

Ugqirha angayalela uvavanyo lwe-C-peptide.Unganikwa novavanyo. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba ingakanani i-C-peptide esegazini lakho. I-C-peptide inokuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ingakanani i-insulin eveliswa yipancreas yakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-LADA?

Ukunyanga i-LADA kunzima ngakumbi. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ungasabela kumayeza eswekile athethwa ngomlomo. Anokukunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho okwethutyana. Kodwa njengoko imeko isiba mandundu, impendulo yomzimba wakho kula mayeza iyehla. Emva koko kufuneka utshintshele kwiinaliti ze-insulin ukulawula iswekile egazini lakho. Kuba i-pancreas yakho ilahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kubuchule bayo bokuvelisa i-insulin ngokwayo. Oku kunokwenzeka kwixesha leenyanga okanye iminyaka.

Akukho nyango luvunyelwene ngalo lwe-LADA. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kungcono ukuqala unyango nge-insulin kwangoko. Ezinye zinokulinda ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukusebenzisa inaliti ye-insulin. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Ngenxa yokuba idosi kunye nobungakanani be-insulin oyifunayo bunokutshintsha, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokujonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho.

Yintoni enokulindelwa ngumntu one-LADA?

Akukho nyango lwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1.5. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane unyango olunokukunceda usilawule. Wakuba uqale ukusebenzisa i-insulin, uya kukwazi ukulawula ngcono amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-LADA?

Ubomi bakho buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ukuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1.5 akuthethi ukuba ubomi bakho bufutshane. Kodwa ukuba une-LADA kwaye awukwazi ukulawula amanqanaba akho eswekile, usengozini yokufumana iingxaki zempilo ezinokunciphisa ubomi bakho. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile yegazi ixesha elide anokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nesifo sentliziyo . Ezi zinokuchaphazela ubomi bakho. Yiyo loo nto ukulawula iswekile yegazi kubaluleke kangaka.

Ngaba i-LADA ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela isifo seswekile se-LADA. Ngenxa yokuba awukwazi ukulawula okanye ukuthintela imeko yokuzikhusela komzimba ebangela esi sifo , ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuthintela iingxaki ezivela kwesi sifo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-LADA?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzinyamekela kukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Isifo seswekile se-LADA sidla ngokungachongwa kakuhle. Kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo xa ucinga ukuba wenza yonke into ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kusenzima ukuwalawula. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-LADA, landela isicwangciso sonyango esinikwa ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.Qiniseka ukuba uyazigcina zonke ii-aphoyintimenti zakho zokulandelela. Kwezi -aphoyintimenti, ugqirha wakho unokujonga i-pancreas yakho kunye nempilo yayo yonke. Banokulungisa nobungakanani be-insulin oyifunayo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo seswekile, ezinje ngokunxanwa kakhulu kunye nokuchama rhoqo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ungalibali ukwabelana ngembali yakho epheleleyo yempilo nogqirha wakho.

Ngokukodwa, ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kwaye iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva konyango, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuvavanyele isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1.5 (LADA).

Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1.5, okanye i-LADA, sisifo esidla ngokungachongwa kakuhle. Sineempawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zihlala zikhomba kuhlobo lwe-2. Ngoko ke kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo nedidayo ukwazi ukuba unolu hlobo lwesifo seswekile. Ungaqala ukuthatha amayeza okusela, kodwa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho asephezulu. Okanye unyango lwakho lunokusebenza okwethutyana, kodwa emva koko uyeke ukusebenza. Oogqirha bakho baya kukunceda ufumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye nokugcina impilo yakho iyonke. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo malunga nokuchongwa kwakho kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.

Zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esinokuzithatha ekhaya kweli nqaku?

I-LADA luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwesifo seswekile oluvela kubantu abadala kwaye luneempawu zesifo seswekile 'sohlobo 1' kunye 'nohlobo 2'. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokuchongwa gwenxa njenge 'uhlobo 2'.

• Iimpawu ziquka ukoma kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, kunye nokudinwa.
• Oku kubangelwa yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba, kwaye kusenokuba nenxalenye yemfuza.
• Ukuba ayifunyaniswanga ngokuchanekileyo kwaye inganyangwa ngokukhawuleza, iingxaki ezinje ngokonakala kwezintso kunye ne-DKA zinokwenzeka.
• Oku kuqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo ngovavanyo lwe-GAD Antibodies.
• Nangona amayeza aselwayo eqala ngonyango, ekuhambeni kwexesha kufuneka inaliti ye-insulin.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kwaye unyango lwakho aluyilawuli, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga ne-LADA. Ungaze uyeke okanye utshintshe unyango lwakho wedwa. Hlala ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

I- LADA, isifo seswekile, isifo seswekile sokuqala kwabantu abadala, isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-1.5, isifo seswekile esizilawulayo, i-insulin, iswekile yegazi