Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala ekrwitshwa xa esela okanye esitya? Okanye ngaba wenza ingxolo engaqhelekanga xa ephefumla, okanye ngaba uhlala enengxaki yokuphefumla? Ngamanye amaxesha, njengomama okanye utata, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ubona ezi zinto. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko yokuzalwa enokubonisa iimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa ayiqhelekanga kubantu abaninzi. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-laryngeal cleft . Nangona igama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.
Yintoni iLaryngeal Cleft?
Ngamafutshane, i-laryngeal cleft sisikhewu esincinci okanye umngxuma kwizicubu ezifanele ukuba phakathi kwemiqala yeentsana zethu, oko kukuthi, ibhokisi yelizwi (i-larynx) kunye nombhobho wokutya (umphimbo womqala). Cinga ngayo, ibhokisi yethu yelizwi ingaphezulu kombhobho womoya (i-trachea). Umbhobho wokutya ungasemva kwale bhokisi yelizwi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umngxuma ongaqhelekanga phakathi kwezi zimbini, izinto ezityiwa ngumntwana, oko kukuthi, ubisi, amanzi, kunye nokutya zinokudlula kuloo mngxuma ziye kumbhobho womoya endaweni yokuya esiswini. Kulapho ke iingxaki ziqala khona. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu yokuzalwa . Le meko yenzeka malunga nomnye kwi-10,000 ukuya kwi-20,000 yokuzalwa okuphilayo. Ixhaphake kancinci kubafana.
Kubalulekile ukuchonga nokunyanga umntwana onesi sifo ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukuba ukutya okanye isiselo siya kwindawo engafanelekanga, kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bale ngxunya yelaryngeal buxhomekeke kubukhulu bengxunya kunye nendawo ekuyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-laryngeal clefts?
Oogqirha bahlula imiqolo yelaryngeal ibe ziintlobo ezine eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:
- Uhlobo I: Olu lolona hlobo lulula kakhulu . Ukuqhekeka kukwimisonto yomntwana kuphela. Olu hlobo alusoloko lubangela iimpawu ezinkulu. Ngenxa yoko, lusenokungabonakali kwangoko.
- Uhlobo lwesibini: Apha umngxuma udlula ngaphantsi kwemithambo yelizwi yomntwana.
- Uhlobo lwesithathu: I-cleft inkulu kancinci. Ingadlulela ngaphaya kwebhokisi yelizwi lomntwana (i-larynx) iye kwi-trachea (umphimbo womoya).
- Uhlobo lwesine: Olu lolona hlobo lunzima kakhulu . Apha, umngxuma udlulela ngaphaya kombhobho womntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, umngxuma unokwelula ujikeleze umbhobho womoya wonke.
Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba umsantsa uchaphazele kangakanani olu hlobo lolwahlulo.
Zithini iimpawu ze-laryngeal cleft?
Xa umntwana wakho evuleke kwingxolo, kunokwenza kube nzima ukuba atye aze aphefumle. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukukhohlela nokukrwitshwa xa uncancisa okanye uncancisa: Olu luphawu lokuqala olubonayo. Kufana naxa usana oluncinci lunikwa ubisi luze luqale ukukrwitshwa, lukhuphe umlomo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubisi luphuma empumlweni yalo.
- Ingxaki yokuginya: Usana luyala ukutya, okanye lubonakala lunengxaki enkulu yokuginya.
- Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (iCyanosis): Olu tshintsho lombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) lubonakala lula kwiintsini, imilebe, iinzipho, nakwamehlo, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezinesikhumba esimnyama. Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba ungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
- Isandi esirhabaxa, esimanzi, nesirhabaxa xa uphefumla: Singathi umhluzi unamathele emqaleni.
- Ukukhala rhoqo ngenxa yendlala, ukungazinzi, nokungalali kakuhle: Usana lusenokuziva lulambile ngalo lonke ixesha kuba ukutya kungangeni kakuhle esiswini.
- Ukungaphumeleli ukutyeba, ukukhula okulibazisekileyo: Ukuba umntwana akatyebi okanye akakhuli ngesantya esifanayo nezinye iintsana ezineminyaka efanayo, nokuba unikwa ubisi okanye ukutya okungakanani, oku kufanele kuthathwe njengokurhaneleka.
- Ukufutha ukutya okanye isiselo kwi-windpipe: Oku kunokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo emiphungeni.
- Ukuvela rhoqo kwe-pneumonia: Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yemeko yokufunxa ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
Yintoni ebangela ukuqhekeka kwelaryngeal?
Abaphandi abakayazi imbangela echanekileyo yale meko. Nangona kunjalo, kucingelwa ukuba yinto eyenzeka kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhula komntwana esibelekweni. Inokwenzeka yodwa, okanye inokunxulunyaniswa neempawu ezithile zemfuza. Umzekelo:
- Isifo se-Opitz-Frias
- Umbutho we-VACTERL
- Isifo sikaPallister-Hall
- Isifo seCharge
Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seentsana ezineempundu ze-laryngeal nazo zinokuba nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- I-Tracheobronchomalacia - ubuthathaka bombhobho womoya
- Umlomo oqhekekileyo kunye/okanye intlama
- Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi
- I-Pulmonary agenesis - ukungaphumeleli komphunga omnye ukukhula
- I-Esophageal atresia - ukwakheka okungaphelelanga kwe-esophagus
- I-Tracheoesophageal fistula - unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi komphimbo womoya kunye ne-esophagus
Ngenxa yokuba le ngxunya yelaryngeal inokubonwa nezinye iimeko ezifana nale, oogqirha bayayiqwalasela nale nto.
Ifunyanwa njani i-laryngeal cleft?
Iintlobo ezithambileyo ze-laryngeal clefts, uhlobo I nolwesi-II, ngamanye amaxesha zinokungafunyaniswa kangangeminyaka kuba iimpawu azinzima kangako. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zeentlobo III nolwesi-IV zinzima kakhulu kangangokuba zihlala zifunyaniswa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuzalwa.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ingcali ye-otolaryngologist (ingcali ye-ENT) iya kucebisa uvavanyo lwe-endoscopic. Kule meko, uvavanyo oluphambili lokufumanisa ukuba kukho i-laryngeal cleft yi -microlaryngoscopy kunye ne-bronchoscopy . Ungakhathazeki, oku kwenziwa emva kokuba umntwana enikwe i-anesthesia kwaye elele ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko ingcali ifaka ityhubhu enekhamera encinci kumbhobho womoya womntwana kwaye ihlolisise ngononophelo ukuba kukho i-cleft.
Ukongeza, umntwana wakho angathunyelwa kwi-Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP). Le ngcali iza kujonga indlela le meko echaphazela ngayo amandla omntwana wakho okuthetha nokuginya.
Iphathwa njani i-laryngeal cleft?
Amaxesha amaninzi, i-laryngeal cleft ifuna utyando . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-laryngeal cleft repair. Utyando lufuneka kakhulu kwiintlobo ze-II, III, kunye ne-IV. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsana ezine-type I cleft encinci zinokuvala zodwa njengoko zikhula. Ezi ntsana zinokufuna kuphela amayeza okuthintela ukutya nokusela ukuba kungabuyeli emqaleni (reflux) kunye namanyathelo athile okuthintela ukutya ukuba kungangeni kumbhobho womoya (aspiration).
Ixesha kunye nendlela yotyando ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-laryngeal cleft. Oogqirha basebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo ukulungisa i-cleft:
- Ukufakwa kwenaliti engaphantsi kakhulu: Apha, ugqirha ufaka inaliti yesikhashana kwindawo apho kukho khona isilonda. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu (ngesiqhelo kangangeenyanga ezintathu). Oku kunika isiqabu de umntwana alungele utyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kukodwa kunokwanela.
- Utyando lwe-endoscopic olungena kakhulu: Apha, ugqirha otyandayo usebenzisa i-laser ukususa izicubu ezingaqhelekanga kwindawo etyandwayo, aze avale indawo etyandwayo nge-sutures.
- Utyando oluvulekileyo: Apha, ugqirha wenza umngxuma omncinci entanyeni yomntwana aze alungise umngxuma. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintsana ezinemingxunya yelaryngeal yohlobo lwe-IV.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho atyandwe, iqela lezonyango liza kunika umntwana i-anesthesia. Ukuze umntwana angaziva ntlungu . Musa ukukhathazeka ngayo loo nto.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-laryngeal cleft?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zotyando, utyando lwe-laryngeal cleft lunokuba neengozi ezithile. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- Ukuqina okungaqhelekanga komqala womntwana.
- Izititshi ziyaphuka okanye zivuleke.
- Ukuphefumla okunomsindo okanye i-laryngomalacia.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo edibene nebhokisi yelizwi lomntwana (i-larynx).
- Ukudumba kwendawo ephakathi kwemiphunga esifubeni (i-Mediastinitis).
- Ukuqokelelana komoya phantsi kolusu emva kotyando (i-Surgical emphysema).
- Ukuxinana komphimbo xa uphefumla (iTracheomalacia).
Amathuba okuba le ngxaki yenzeke axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lotyando olwenziweyo, uhlobo lwesilonda, kunye nempilo yomntwana iyonke. Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ngaphambi kotyando.
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntwana wam aphile emva konyango lwe-laryngeal cleft?
Emva kotyando, umntwana wakho kuya kufuneka ahlale esibhedlele ubuncinane usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Ekubeni kusetyenziswa izititshi ukuvala inxeba, kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ezininzi ukuba umntwana aphile ngokupheleleyo . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ngeli xesha.
Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?
Ukuba ifunyenwe yaze yanyangwa kwangethuba , ikamva leentsana ezine-laryngeal clefts lihle kakhulu . Ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, iintsana ezili-9 kwezili-10 ezityandwayo zokulungisa i-laryngeal cleft zibona ukuphucuka kweempawu zazo kwiiveki ezintandathu. Nangona kunjalo, okuninzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni i-cleft inzima kangakanani na. Iintsana ezine-type IV cleft zinamathuba amaninzi okufumana utyando olungaphezulu kwesinye kwaye zihlale esibhedlele ixesha elide.
Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngemeko yomntwana wakho kunye nokhathalelo lwakhe lwexesha elizayo.
Ngaba i-laryngeal cleft iyabunciphisa ubomi obulindelekileyo?
Kwabaninzi abantwana, ukuba ne-laryngeal cleft akuchaphazeli ubomi babo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana abane-laryngeal cleft yohlobo lwe-IV enzima kakhulu , kunye nezinye iziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa, zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, ukufa ngenxa ye-laryngeal cleft - nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu - kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu .
Ukuba inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kulandelwa iingcebiso zonyango, i-laryngeal cleft ayifanele inciphise ubomi bomntwana okanye inciphise umgangatho wobomi bakhe.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha womntwana wam?
Emva kotyando, ugqirha womntwana wakho usenokucela ukuba uze kutyelelo lokulandelela rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka. Inani leendwendwe ngelo xesha lixhomekeke kwinkqubela phambili yomntwana wakho.
Ngexesha lezi vavanyo, ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lwemifanekiso aze akubuze ngeempawu zomntwana wakho. Lungela ukuthetha egameni lomntwana wakho. Thetha nogqirha malunga naluphi na utshintsho olubonayo kwiimpawu zomntwana wakho kunye nempilo yakhe iyonke.
Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha womntwana wam?
Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha womntwana wakho:
- Kutheni ucebisa olu nyango okanye utyando?
- Ndingenza ntoni ukunceda umntwana wam azive ekhululekile ngaphambi nasemva kotyando?
- Zithini iingozi zotyando lomntwana wam?
- Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntwana wam aphile?
- Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngempilo yomntwana wam ixesha elide?
Buza imibuzo efana nale uze uchaze yonke into onayo.
Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa ene-laryngeal cleft, kuya kufuneka ubone iingcali ezahlukeneyo. Bonke baya kusebenzisana ukubonelela ngononophelo olungcono kumntwana wakho. Khumbula, ngamanye amaxesha i-cleft inokuphola yodwa. Kwimeko enjalo, ukujonga nje umntwana wakho ngokusondeleyo kunokwanela. Ukuba i-cleft inzima, umntwana wakho unokufuna utyando. Into ebalulekileyo kukukhumbula ukuba kukho unyango olunokunceda. Okwangoku, buza ugqirha womntwana wakho ngezinto onokuzenza ukunceda umntwana wakho ajongane nolu xilongo. Awuwedwa, kwaye iqela lezonyango lihlala likhona ukukunceda wena nomntwana wakho.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 Ngaba iLaryngeal Cleft sisifo seCleft Lip?
Hayi! Umlebe oqhekekileyo ubonakala ngaphandle, kodwa lo awubonakali. Umphimbo wethu unodonga olwahlula umbhobho wokutya (umlomo) kunye nombhobho womoya (i-trachea). Nangona kunjalo, kwesi siphene sokuzalwa, olo donga alukheki kakuhle, nto leyo eshiya 'umngxuma' okanye uqhekeko phakathi kombhobho wokutya kunye nombhobho womoya.
💬 Uyibona njani le ngxaki xa uncancisa umntwana?
Xa kukho le mngxuma, ubisi olungena kumbhobho wokutya xa umntwana esela lungena ngqo kwisithuba esingena kwimiphunga (i-aspiration). Oku kubangela ukuba umntwana akhohlele ngamandla xa esela, abe nobunzima bokuphefumla, ajike abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni, aze abe nosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwemiphunga (i-pneumonia).
💬 Umondla kwaye umseza njani umntwana ukuba kukho umngxuma onje?
Oku kufuneka kuvalwe ngotyando. Ukuba ukukrazuka kuncinci kakhulu, ulawulo oluthile lunokufezekiswa ngokunika ukutya okumanzi (ubisi) okujiyileyo kancinci (okwandisayo). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukukrazuka kukhulu, ityhubhu (ityhubhu ye-G) kunokufuneka ifakwe ngqo esiswini (esiswini) de kube utyando lwenziwe.
Ukuqhekeka kwelaryngeal , intlama eqhekekileyo, ukukrwitshwa komntwana, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iziphene zokuzalwa, impumlo egobhozayo, impilo yomntwana
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