Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nokukhubazeka kokufunda: Ngaba umntwana wakho unale ngxaki?

Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki ngomsebenzi wesikolo? Ngaba ubonakala enengxaki yokuqonda izinto kunabanye abantwana? Okanye ucinga ukuba unengxaki encinci ngoonobumba namanani? Ngamanye amaxesha thina njengabazali siyakhathazeka xa sibona ezi zinto. Kodwa ningakhathazeki , oku akukokungabikho kobukrelekrele. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi ntlobo zobunzima bokufunda, okanye ngokwezonyango, 'Ukukhubazeka Kokufunda'.

Yintoni ingxaki yokufunda?

Ngamafutshane, ukukhubazeka kokufunda (LD) lutshintsho kwindlela ingqondo yakho ecubungula ngayo ulwazi. Kufana notshintsho oluncinci kwi "software" yekhompyutha. Nantsi ke into entsha:

• Fumana ulwazi
• Lungiselela ulwazi
• Gcina ulwazi
• Qonda ulwazi
• Sebenzisa ulwazi

Kusenokuba nzima kancinci.

Ezi ziphene zinokuchaphazela zombini izakhono zokuthetha nezokungathethi. Zidla ngokuchaphazela ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nezibalo. Le meko inokuba nzulu ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwembi kakhulu.

Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele apha kukuba ukukhubazeka kokufunda akuthethi ukuba umntwana ukhubazekile engqondweni. Kwahlukile ngokupheleleyo kukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Abantwana abakhubazekileyo ekufundeni banokuba ne-intelligence quotient (IQ) ephakathi okanye ngaphezulu. Banemingeni ethile yokufunda.

Abantu abaninzi banokuyibona le meko besebancinci xa besesikolweni, kodwa abanye abantu bafunyanwa bekwishumi elivisayo okanye sele bekhulile ebomini.

Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi "kokukhubazeka kokufunda" kunye "nokuphazamiseka kokufunda"?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba igama elithi 'Learning Disability' kunye nelithi 'Learning Disorder' ngamagama amabini ahlukeneyo okanye elinye. Nangona sihlala sisebenzisa la magama mabini ngokutshintshana, kukho umahluko omncinci kwezobuchwepheshe.

• Ingxaki Yokufunda: Eli ligama elisetyenziswa ngoogqirha, ingakumbi iingcali zengqondo, ukuchonga ingxaki ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile. Oku kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwizikhokelo zokuhlelwa kwezifo zengqondo ezifana ne-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR).
• Ukukhubazeka Kokufunda: Eli ligama elisemthethweni kwamanye amazwe (umz., eMelika, phantsi koMthetho weMfundo yabantu abakhubazekileyo - IDEA). Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umntwana echongwa njalo sisikolo, loo mntwana unelungelo lezinto ezifana neSicwangciso seMfundo soMntu ngamnye (IEP). Iindlela zinokwahluka kancinci kwilizwe lethu, kodwa ingcamango esisiseko kukubonelela umntwana ngenkxaso ekhethekileyo ayidingayo.

Ngamafutshane, "ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo" sisifo esibangelwa ziingcali zonyango, ngelixa "ukukhubazeka" kuyinto enokunxulunyaniswa nezifundo kunye nezomthetho. Nangona kunjalo, kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, zombini zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshana.

Ziziphi ezi ngxaki zokufunda ezithile?

Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-5-TR, "i-Specific Learning Disorder" yingxaki yophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental ebonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo ubuncinane kwenye yeendawo ezintathu eziphambili:

• Ukufunda
• Ukubhala
• Izibalo (Izibalo)

Nazi ezinye zezona ngxaki zokufunda zixhaphakileyo:

I-Dyslexia - Ubunzima bokufunda

Khawuthelekelele, abanye abantwana bakufumanisa kunzima ukufunda oonobumba, amagama ayaxubana, kwaye oonobumba babonakala betsiba-tsiba. Banobunzima bokubiza amagama alula, ukuqonda oonobumba, ukucengceleza imibongo, nokufunda amagama amatsha ngokwabo. Ngamanye amaxesha oonobumba bayatsitywa okanye bafundwe ngokulandelelana okungasemva. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-dyslexia. Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yokufunda. Oku kungenxa yotshintsho kwindlela ingqondo eqhuba ngayo amagama abhaliweyo.

I-Dysgraphia - Ubunzima bokubhala

Abanye abantwana banengxaki yokubhala phantsi oko bakucingayo, nokuba bafumene imfundo elungileyo. Abakwazi ukubhala kakuhle, banengxaki yokubamba ipeni ngokufanelekileyo, badla ngokupela amagama kakubi, babhala kancinci kakhulu, kwaye benza iimpazamo zegrama. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-dysgraphia. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona beneengcinga ezininzi engqondweni yabo, kunzima kakhulu ukuzibhala ephepheni.

I-Dyscalculia - Ubunzima bezibalo

Kukho abantwana abanengxaki yokusebenza ngamanani nokubala. Banengxaki yokubala amanani, ukwenza izibalo ezilula ngengqondo, ukukhumbula itheyibhile yokuphindaphinda, ukuhlela iingxaki zezibalo, ukubala ixesha, kunye nokujongana nemali. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-dyscalculia.

Ngaba kufuneka sifunde nangeNgxaki yokufunda engeyiyo eyelizwi?

Izinto ezenziwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amagama, oko kukuthi:

• Ukulungisa ingxaki
• Ukuqonda izinto ezifana nemizobo kunye nemigama (imisebenzi ebonakalayo kunye nendawo)
• Ukuqonda imbonakalo yobuso kunye nokuziphatha kwabanye (Ukuqaphela iimpawu zentlalo)

Kukho iingxaki zokufunda ezichaphazela izinto ezinje: Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziingxaki zokufunda ezingezizo ezivakalisini. Nangona zingakahlelwa njengengxaki yokufunda ethile kwi-DSM-5-TR, uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga ne-5% yabantu abaneengxaki zokufunda banazo ezi ngxaki.

Ezi zinokuchaphazela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Izakhono zentlalo: Ubunzima bokuqonda ulwimi olusetyenziswayo (umz. isi-slang), imbonakalo yobuso, kunye nolwimi lomzimba xa uthetha nabanye.
• Ukusebenza kwabaphathi: Ubunzima bokucwangcisa, ukuhlela, kunye nokulawula iimvakalelo.
• Ukuqonda ngokubona nendawo: Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ngokulungelelaniswa kwezinto.
• Izakhono zezibalo: Ubunzima bokuqonda ngakumbi iingcamango zezibalo ezintsonkothileyo.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi ngxaki zokufunda?

Ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kuxhaphakile. Kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba malunga ne-10% yabantu baya kufunyaniswa benaso ngexesha lobomi babo. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-5% yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda banengxaki yokufunda.

Kwezi ngxaki , i-dyslexia yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Malunga ne-80% yeengxaki zokufunda zihlelwa njenge-dyslexia.

Zithini iimpawu zokukhubazeka kokufunda? Uyibona njani loo nto?

Kulungile, ngoko ke sazi njani ukuba kukho into efana nale? Uphawu oluphambili kukuba kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwamandla okufunda omntwana kunye nezakhono azibonisayo esikolweni.

Eyona ngxaki yokufunda inzima kakhulu inokubonisa iimpawu zokukhubazeka kokufunda kwasebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zokufunda ezincinci okanye eziphakathi zisenokungaqatshelwa ngabazali nootitshala de kube semva kokuba umntwana eqale isikolo (emva kweminyaka emi-5) kwaye xa kuvela imingeni ngomsebenzi wesikolo. Kwanakwiimeko ezinzima, zisenokungaqatshelwa ngokupheleleyo de umntwana abe sesikolweni.

Uhlobo ngalunye lokukhubazeka kokufunda luneempawu zalo ezizodwa, kodwa ngokubanzi, nazi ezinye zeengxaki onokuzibona:

• Ubunzima bokubona oonobumba, amanani, imibala, kunye neempawu zezibalo.
• Ubunzima bokubala.
• Ubunzima bokwandisa isigama.
• Ubunzima bokucula izinto ezivakala njengemibongo.
• Ubunzima bokubiza amagama xa ufunda.
• Ubunzima bokuhlela, ukuqala, kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi.
• Ubunzima bokuhlela nokuthetha into ofuna ukuyithetha engqondweni yakho.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo yexesha elifutshane okanye elide.
• Ubunzima bokubamba ipensele kakuhle.
• Ukungakwazi ukubhala ngokucacileyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphinda ibali libaliswe ngokulandelelana.
• Ubunzima bokugxila kumsebenzi omnye.
• Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo.
• Ubunzima ekudibaniseni umzimba.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda iingcamango, ukuhlela ulwazi lokusombulula iingxaki, nokuqonda ihlabathi elizingqongileyo.

Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Ukuba nje umntwana unezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unengxaki yokufunda. Ngumntu oqeqeshiweyo kuphela onokwenza loo nto. Umntwana wakho usenokuba neempawu ezininzi kwezi, enye okanye ezimbini. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba neentlobo ezingaphezu kwenye zokukhubazeka ekufundeni.

Iimpawu zokuziphatha

Ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kunokuchaphazela ukuzithemba komntwana kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo ngesikolo. Basenokuziva bekhathazekile kukuba abalunganga njengabanye abantwana. Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezinje ngezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokukhubazeka ekufundeni:

• Ukungafuni ukuya esikolweni.
• Ukungafuni ukufunda ngokuvakalayo okanye ukwenza izibalo phambi kwabanye abantwana.
• Ukukhalaza ngootitshala, ukubagxeka xa amanqaku abo ehla.
• Ukungafuni ukubonisa abazali umsebenzi wesikolo.
• Ukuphepha imisebenzi.
• Ukudlala ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nokuba kusesikolweni okanye kwiindawo zoluntu.
• Ngequbuliso ndacaphuka, ndazabalaza.
• Ukuthi izinto ozigxekayo ezinje ngokuthi "Ndisisidenge," "Andinakwenza nto."

Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki efana nale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha naye uze ucele uncedo.

Kutheni le nto ezi ngxaki zokufunda zenzeka?

Abaphandi basafunda lukhulu malunga nokukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nezizathu zako. Okwangoku kukholelwa ukuba kubangelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto zemfuza kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo . Khumbula, ukukhubazeka kokufunda akubangelwa ziingxaki zomzimba zokuva, njengokungaboni kakuhle okanye ukuva.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela iingxaki zokufunda:

• Ukuba nelungu losapho (usapho lwemvelo) oluneengxaki zokufunda.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukuvezwa kukamama kutywala okanye kwezinye iziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba nokulibaziseka kophuhliso lolwimi kunye nolwimi.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle.
• Ukuchanabeka kwiityhefu ezingcolisayo ezifana nelothe.
• Amava Amabi Obuntwana (ii-ACE).
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangela usizi (TBI)

Amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki zokufunda zinokubonwa kunye nezinye iingxaki. Umzekelo:

• Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwengqwalasela/yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD)
• Ixhala
• Ukuxhuzula
• Uxinzelelo
• Isifo sokungakhathali (OCD)
• Ingxaki yokuchasana nokuchasana (ODD)

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba phakathi kwama-20% nama-70% abantwana abaneengxaki zengqondo nabo baneengxaki zokufunda.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda, ungacela uvavanyo olusemthethweni esikolweni sabo. Ngokubanzi, ukuba izikolo zirhanela ukuba umntwana (oneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwengama-21 ubudala) unengxaki yokufunda, kufuneka ahlolwe.

Wazi njani ukuba unengxaki yokufunda?

Abazali nootitshala badla ngokuba ngabokuqala ukurhanela ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokufunda xa eqala isikolo. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuba umntwana unale meko, kufuneka uvavanyo olukhethekileyo oluninzi. Ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho kunye nengcali yezengqondo yesikolo okanye ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana baya kubandakanyeka kule nkqubo.

Khumbula, ingxaki yokufunda ifunyanwa yingcali yezengqondo. Isikolo somntwana wakho sinokuxilonga ukukhubazeka kokufunda, senze uvavanyo, kwaye senze isicwangciso semfundo. Inkqubo yokwenza uxilongo lwengqondo yahlukile kancinci kwinkqubo yoxilongo olusemthethweni (umz., IDEA) kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa zonke zibandakanya indibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuqwalaselwa
• Udliwanondlebe
• Uvavanyo
• Imbali yezonyango kunye neyosapho
• Iingxelo zesikolo

Ngexesha lale nkqubo, kuya kufuneka usebenzisane ngokusondeleyo neengcali zesikolo somntwana wakho kunye nezemfundo.

Uvavanyo lokukhubazeka ekufundeni

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo (nganye ineemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo) ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukukhubazeka kokufunda zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Okokuqala, ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo ukuze abone ukuba kukho isizathu sezonyango esibangela iingxaki zokufunda komntwana wakho. Banokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi kunye neeskeni.
• Uvavanyo lwemfundo kunye novavanyo lokusebenza: Ootitshala bomntwana bajonga indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo eklasini baze bavavanye izakhono zakhe zemfundo. Bayavavanya baze banike ingxelo ngezakhono zakhe zokufunda, ukubhala, kunye nezibalo ngokweminyaka yakhe.
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo: Oku kudla ngokubandakanya uvavanyo lwengqondo oluthethwayo nolungathethwayo (IQ). Oku kwenziwa yingcali yezengqondo yesikolo okanye ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana. Ingajonga nendlela umntwana akhetha ngayo ukucubungula ulwazi (umz., ngokubona okanye ngokuvakalayo).
• Uvavanyo lwezengqondo: Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni i-ADHD, isifo sokungavumi ukuchasana, ixhala, ukudakumba, kunye nemiba yokuzihlonipha. Ezi zinto zihlala zihamba kunye nokukhubazeka kokufunda, kodwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana iya kuvavanya isimo sengqondo somntwana ngesikolo, umdla wokufunda, ubudlelwane noontanga bakhe, kunye nokuzixabisa.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Neuropsychological: Olu vavanyo lujonga indlela iimeko ezithile engqondweni ezichaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha komntwana kunye nezakhono zakhe zokuqonda (indlela umntwana asebenzisa ngayo ubuchopho). Oku kwenziwa yingcali ye-neuropsychologist. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubantwana abanomonakalo okanye isifo kwinkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi, kuba inokuchonga iindawo zobuchopho babo ezinxulumene namandla okufunda kunye nobuthathaka.

Ungamnceda njani umntwana oneengxaki zokufunda? Ungamlawula njani?

Abantu abaneengxaki zokufunda badinga uncedo olwahlukileyo okanye olongezelelweyo ukuze bafunde. Olu ncedo – okanye ulawulo – luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokukhubazeka ekufundeni kunye nobunzima balo. Wena nomntwana wakho kuya kufuneka nisebenzisane neengcali ezininzi ukuze nifumane isicwangciso sokufunda esifanelekileyo kubo. Eli qela lingabandakanya:

• Ootitshala
• Iingcali zemfundo zokulungisa izifo
• Iingcali zengqondo
• Iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo
• Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo ezifana neengcali zonyango kunye neengcali zonyango lomzimba.

Ngokubanzi, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kuwela kwezi nqanaba zilandelayo:

• Indawo yokuhlala: Umntwana ufumana ukufikelela kwikharityhulam efanayo eyintloko, kodwa enezixhobo ezongezelelweyo okanye ezixhasayo, njengeencwadi ezinkulu eziprintiweyo, ngaphandle kokutshintsha umxholo wemfundo.
• Utshintsho: Isikolo somntwana sitshintsha iinjongo kunye neenjongo zomntwana kwaye sinikezela ngeenkonzo zokunciphisa impembelelo yokukhubazeka kokufunda. Umzekelo, ukuvumela umntwana ukuba aphendule uvavanyo ngomlomo endaweni yokulubhala phantsi.
• Ulungiso: Isikolo somntwana sibonelela ngeendlela ezithile zokungenelela ukunciphisa ubunzima bokukhubazeka kokufunda.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyafaneleka ukufumana iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo, uya kufumana iNkqubo yeMfundo yoMntu ngamnye (i-IEP) . (Nangona ingabizwa njalo kwilizwe lethu, izicwangciso ezinjalo ezikhethekileyo zinokubakho.) Esi sicwangciso semfundo somntu ngamnye:

• Iinjongo zemfundo zomntwana zidwelisiwe.
• Icacisa ukuba zeziphi iinkonzo umntwana aza kuzifumana.
• Udwelisa iingcali ezisebenza nomntwana.

Nangona abanye abantwana befuna imfundo ekhethekileyo kwindawo enye kuphela, bayaqhubeka nokuya kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo. Abanye abantwana banokufuna iinkqubo zemfundo ezahlukeneyo nezinzulu ngakumbi. Njengoko umthetho uyalela (kwamanye amazwe), abantwana abaneengxaki zokufunda kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kwiiklasi noontanga babo abangenazo ezo ziphene kangangoko banako.

Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana icebo elifanelekileyo lomntwana wakho, kodwa khumbula ukuba umgudu owenzayo ekuncedeni umntwana wakho ufanelekile.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba umntwana wam unengxaki yokufunda?

Nangona abantwana "bengaphumi" kwiingxaki zokufunda, banokufunda ukuziqhelanisa nazo baze baphuhlise izakhono zabo. Abantwana abachongiweyo kwangethuba baze bafumane ukungenelela kwangethuba banamathuba amaninzi okugcina umfanekiso wabo omhle kwaye boyise imingeni.

Banokuphuhlisa amandla obuqu ahambisana nokukhubazeka kokufunda. Umzekelo, abantu abane-dyslexia badla ngokuba nobuchule obukhethekileyo. Abantwana abaneengxaki zokufunda banokuba ngabantu abadala abasebenzayo nabaphumelelayo.

Ngaba iingxaki zokufunda zinokuba neengxaki?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda, usenokuba neengxaki zokuzihlonipha okanye azive ngathi akakrelekrele. Kwakhona usengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba.

Inkxaso eyakhayo evela kubazali, kootitshala nakubahlobo inokunceda umntwana ukuba oyise le miqobo. Nangona kunjalo, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Zihlala ixesha elingakanani iingxaki zokufunda?

Ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kuhlala ubomi bonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abadala banokuba nokukhubazeka ekufundeni. Abantwana badla ngokuba ngabokuqala ukufunyanwa benazo, kodwa abanye abantu abaqondi ukuba banokukhubazeka ekufundeni de babe ngabantu abadala.

Ngaba iingxaki zokufunda zingathintelwa?

Ukukhubazeka kokufunda akunakuthintelwa, kodwa kudla ngokulawulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana ukungenelela kwangethuba. Kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba ubona iimpawu zokuqala zokukhubazeka kokufunda, thetha nomboneleli wezempilo.
• Sebenzisana nesikolo somntwana wakho ukunceda ekuphuhliseni iSicwangciso seMfundo soMntu ngamnye (i-IEP).

Ndingenza ntoni ukunceda umntwana wam?

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana uncedo ngengxaki yakhe yokufunda. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Jonga inkqubela yomntwana wakho ukuze ubone ukuba i-IEP yakhe yenza inkqubela eyaneleyo na ekuphuhliseni izakhono zakhe. Xelela abaphathi besikolo ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba i-IEP yakhe ayincedi.
• Misela unxibelelwano oluhle phakathi kweengcali zangaphandle, abasebenzi besikolo, kunye nogqirha wezingane womntwana.
• Dala umoya wokukhuthazana nokuxhasana ekhaya.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda okanye uneengxaki zokuziphatha , mse kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo .
• Zikhathalele nawe. Ukuzama ukunyamekela umntwana wakho kunokuba nzima. Zikhathalele impilo yakho yengqondo kwaye ucele inkxaso kubantu obathandayo.

Ufuna okona kulungileyo kumntwana wakho. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukumbona esokola esikolweni. Khumbula, iingxaki zokufunda zixhaphakile – kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokungenelela ezinokulungiswa ngokweemfuno zomntwana wakho. Isikolo somntwana wakho, ingcali yezengqondo, kunye nomboneleli wezempilo baya kuba nawe kuyo yonke inyathelo.

Isishwankathelo kunye nomyalezo oya nawo ekhaya

Ngoko ke, makhe sihlolisise ezinye zezinto esithethe ngazo malunga nokukhubazeka kokufunda:

• Oku akukokuswela ingqondo: ukukhubazeka kokufunda kukutshintsha nje indlela ingqondo ecubungula ngayo ulwazi.
• Imeko eqhelekileyo: Abantwana abaninzi banokuba neengxaki ezinje. Awuwedwa.
• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela kwangethuba: Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwindlela yokufunda yomntwana wakho, funa uncedo lweengcali ngoko nangoko.
• Ilawuleka: Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, abantwana banokoyisa ezi ngxaki baze baphumelele.
• Inkxaso yakho ixabisekile: Ukuphatha umntwana wakho ngothando, ngenkuthazo nangomonde kuyamkhuthaza kakhulu ukuzithemba kwakhe.
• Kufuneka uncedo lweengcali: oogqirha babantwana, iingcali zengqondo, kunye neengcali zemfundo ziya kunceda ngale nto.

Ukukhubazeka kokufunda yinto nje etshintsha uhambo lomntwana kancinci. Masisebenzisane sonke ukunceda ukwenza olo hambo lube yimpumelelo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ukukhubazeka Kokufunda , i-Dyslexia, i-Dysgraphia, i-Dyscalculia, ubunzima bemfundo, imfundo yabantwana, isayikholoji