Ngaba uyazi ngale 'pokotho' incinci entliziyweni yakho? – I-Left Atrial Appendage

Sonke siyazi ukuba intliziyo yethu sisitho esimangalisayo. Kodwa asithethi kakhulu ngezinye zeendawo ezincinci zale ntliziyo, akunjalo? Kaloku, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye encinci osenokuba awuzange uve ngayo kakhulu, kodwa inokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yi-"Left Atrial Appendage" okanye ngesiNgesi `(Left Atrial Appendage)`, okanye siza kuyibiza `(LAA)` ngamafutshane. Ungakhathazeki, le yinto elula kakhulu ukuyiqonda.

Yintoni le Left Atrial Appendage?

Ngamafutshane, i-LAA sisingxobo esincinci, esinemisipha esidibanisa igumbi eliphezulu lasekhohlo lentliziyo yakho, i-atrium yasekhohlo. Yicinge njengepokotho encinci kwihempe yakho.

I-LAA idla ngokuxoxwa ngayo, ingakumbi kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo, ezifana ne-Atrial Fibrillation (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-Afib), xa oogqirha becebisa ukuba ivalwe, isuswe, okanye ivalwe i-LAA ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko westroke. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwamahlwili egazi akhiwa entliziyweni yabantu abane-Afib akhiwa kule sac incinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-LAA.

Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukuba awunasizathu sokoyika . Kuba le `(LAA)` ayibalulekanga ukuba intliziyo yakho yenze imisebenzi yayo yemihla ngemihla ngokufanelekileyo. Intliziyo ingasebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-left atrial appendage (LAA)? Yintoni umsebenzi wayo?

Le LAA incinci inomsebenzi wayo owahlukileyo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukunceda ukulawula ubungakanani begazi entliziyweni, okanye umthamo wegazi. Uyazi njani ?

Xa inani legazi elingena entliziyweni yakho lisanda, kwaye iindonga zalo `(LAA)` zisanda, zikhupha uhlobo oluthile lweprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yi`(Natriuretic Peptides)` egazini. Cinga ngayo njengenkqubo encinci yokubonisa emzimbeni wethu. Ezi zithunywa zeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yi`(Natriuretic Peptides)`, xa inani legazi lisanda, ziya ezintsoni zize zithi, "Kulungile, ngoku umzimba unetyuwa namanzi amaninzi kakhulu, masizikhuphe ezinye zazo ngomchamo." Kwakhona, ezi ziphumza imithambo yegazi kancinci, njengokukhulula umbhobho oqinileyo kancinci. Emva koko igazi linokugeleza lula, kwaye noxinzelelo lwegazi nalo luyehla.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, kuya kwenzeka ntoni kumanqanaba ezi `(LAA)` ukuba sizisusa ngotyando okanye sizithintele? Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kokwenza into efana naleyo, la manqanaba `(Peptide)` anokuba yinto engaqhelekanga kangangeenyanga ezintathu. Kodwa emva koko abuyela kwisiqhelo.

Enye into kukuba xa inqanaba le-`(Natriuretic Peptides)` egazini linyuka kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha linokuba luphawu lwemeko efana ne-`(Heart Failure)` (hayi isifo sentliziyo, kodwa kubuthathaka bokusebenza kwentliziyo). Kuba ke umzimba uzama ukukhupha ulwelo olongezelelweyo, kuba intliziyo inengxaki yokuphatha igazi elongezelelweyo.

Iphi le `(LAA)`? Ijongeka njani?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba le `(LAA)` ifumaneka phi kanye entliziyweni. Ikwindawo encinci efana nomjelo phakathi kwe-atrium yasekhohlo (igumbi eliphezulu lasekhohlo) kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo (igumbi elisezantsi lasekhohlo) yentliziyo yakho. Uninzi lwexesha, ikwindawo engaphezulu kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo okanye ngaphezulu kwe-`(Main Pulmonary Artery)`, umjelo oyintloko othwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni. Kwakhona, njengakwintliziyo yonke, le `(LAA)` ikwindawo ngaphakathi kwe-`(Pericardium)`, isigqubuthelo esifana nesikhwama esikhuselayo esijikeleze intliziyo.

Ngokweenxalenye, i-LAA inomngxuma apho igazi lihamba khona, kunye nengxowa eyenziwe ngemisipha enokufinyela. Igazi lihamba lingena liphuma ngalo mngxuma.

Ngokuphathelele ubukhulu, i-LAA idla ngokuba malunga neemilimitha ezingama-46 ubude (ngaphantsi kancinci kwee-intshi ezi-2). Kodwa abanye abantu banokuba ziimilimitha ezingama-27 ukuya kuma-60 ubude. Yicinge njengecala elincinci lekhadi lakho letyala. Le ngxowa incinci inokuthwala malunga neemilimitha ezili-9 (malunga neetisipuni ezimbini) zegazi. Umlomo, okanye ukuvulwa, kwe-LAA kudla ngokuba yi-oval. Kodwa abanye abantu banokuba ngqukuva okanye babe nezinye iimilo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-`(LAA)`? Ngaba zinayo nayiphi na impembelelo?

Ewe, ngokumangalisayo, ayingomntu wonke `(LAA)` onemilo efanayo. Njengeminwe yethu, ineemilo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, `(LAA)` ineenxalenye ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba `(lobes)`. Kodwa abanye abantu banokuba nelobe enye kuphela, ngelixa abanye banokuba nezine okanye ngaphezulu. Kukho iimilo ezimbalwa eziphambili ezaziwayo:

• Imilo yephiko lenkukhu: Le yeyona milo ixhaphakileyo. Kukho ukugoba okuncinci embindini welobe ephambili. Abantu abanale milo kuthiwa banomngcipheko omncinci westroke .
• Imilo yeCactus: Le inepetali ephambili esembindini, kwaye ezinye iipetali zibonakala ngathi ziphuma kuyo.
• Imilo yesokisi yefestile: Le inesinqe esinye eside, esiphambili.
• Imilo yekholifulawa: Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Kubonakala ngathi amagqabi amaninzi anobukhulu obufanayo adibene. Le yimilo enqabileyo, kwaye ikwathathwa njengeyona inobungozi obukhulu bokubethelwa sisifo .

Ngoku uyaqonda, akunjalo? Ukuma kwale `(LAA)` incinci kunokuchaphazela impilo yethu ngandlela ithile.

Ziziphi izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-(LAA)?

Le `(LAA)` ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• Ukulimala okubangelwe ziingozi:Ukuba ufumene ingozi yemoto okanye olunye umonzakalo omkhulu, le LAA ingonakala okanye ikrazuke.
• I-Mitral Valve Stenosis: Ukuba ivalvu ye-mitral entliziyweni iba mxinwa, ukuhamba kwegazi eliphuma kwi-atrium yasekhohlo kuyacotha. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-LAA nako kunokucotha.
• I-Atrial Fibrillation (Afib): Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, le meko inyusa umngcipheko wokuba amahlwili egazi avele kwi-LAA. Ukuba la mahlwili ayaphuma, ahambe ngegazi, aze ahlale kumthambo osebuchotsheni, anokubangela isifo sohlangothi. Le yeyona ngozi iphambili enxulunyaniswa ne-LAA.

Ungayijonga njani imeko yempilo ye-`(LAA)`?

Oogqirha baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukujonga imeko ye-LAA. Ezona ziphambili ziindlela zokuthatha imifanekiso.

• I-Transesophageal Echo (TEE): Le ikwayi-echocardiogram, kodwa kule meko, kufakwa isixhobo esincinci esifana nekhamera ezantsi emqaleni kwaye intliziyo ijongwa ngasemva. I-LAA ingabonakala ngokucacileyo.
• I-ultrasound nge-catheter: Ngamanye amaxesha, i-LAA ihlolwa ngokuthumela amaza e-ultrasound ngetyhubhu encinci (i-catheter) efakwa emzimbeni.
• I-MRI yentliziyo (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Uvavanyo olusebenzisa amasimi emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo.
• I-Cardiac CT scan (Cardiac CT - Computed Tomography): Oku kusebenzisa ii-X-rays ukufumana imifanekiso yentliziyo enqamlezileyo.

Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa izinto ezininzi, njengobukhulu kunye nokuma kwe-LAA, kunye nokuba kukho amahlwili egazi ngaphakathi kuyo okanye akunjalo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zeengxaki ezinxulumene ne-`(LAA)`?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-LAA, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokwenziwa. Ezi zinokubandakanya utyando oluthile, okanye zingaba ziinkqubo ezingafunekiyo kakhulu.

• Ukuba `(LAA)` yonakele, ingalungiswa .
• I-Mitral Valve Stenosis inokunyangeka .
• I-LAA ingavalwa, isuswe, okanye ivalwe ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi . Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abane-Afib abasengozini enkulu yestroke. Kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo koku.

Ndingayigcina njani i-`(LAA)` yam (oko kukuthi, intliziyo yam yonke) isempilweni?

Enyanisweni, akukho nto ikhethekileyo onokuyenzela `(LAA)` yodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugcina intliziyo yakho yonke iphilile, `(LAA)` nayo iya kuhlala isempilweni. Ngoko ke, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze ugcine intliziyo yakho isempilweni:

• Zilolonge umzimba ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki.Oko kuthetha ukuhamba ngeenyawo, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Faka imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, ukutya okutyebileyo kwifayibha, kunye nenyama engenamafutha kunye nentlanzi ekutyeni kwakho. Nciphisa ukutya kwakho iilekese, ityuwa, kunye nokutya okunamafutha kangangoko unako.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (iicuba, ii-beedis, njl.njl.) ngokupheleleyo.
• Lawula uxinzelelo ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla. Izinto ezifana nokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokwenza izinto ozithandayo zinokunceda.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo seswekile, zilawule kakuhle. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Abantu abaninzi basenokuba abazange beve nangegama elithi `(Left Atrial Appendage)`. Kodwa ngoku uyazi ukuba likwanomsebenzi omncinci ngaphakathi entliziyweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usengozini yokufa sistroke ngenxa yesi `(LAA)`, khumbula ukuba ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nangona ungenaso .

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci kwaye unexhala xa kukho into eyenziwa entliziyweni, njengotyando. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu one-`(Afib)`, ukuthintela le `(LAA)` kunokubangela ukuba akhululeke kwisidingo sobomi bonke se-blood thinners ukuthintela isifo sohlangothi.

Ngoko ke, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba yintoni ekulungeleyo imeko yakho kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo. Baza kukuchazela yonke into. Ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo. Nguwe owenza izigqibo malunga nempilo yakho, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi yonke into.

Intliziyo , i-Atrial Appendage yasekhohlo, i-Atrial Appendage yasekhohlo, i-LAA, i-Stroke, i-Atrial Fibrillation, i-Afib, amahlwili egazi, impilo yentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo