Abantu abaninzi bayoyika xa besiva igama elithi "biopsy," akunjalo? Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa besiva igama elithi "biopsy." Kodwa khawucinge ukuba bekukho indlela yokufumana ulwazi ngeeseli zomhlaza ngokuthatha nje ithontsi legazi lakho? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba bubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo nobuphambili, "Liquid Biopsy." Oku kuzise ithemba elikhulu kwabo balwa nomhlaza.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Liquid Biopsy?
I-Liquid Biopsy luvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olusetyenziselwa ukubona iithumba. Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa ithumba likhula emzimbeni wethu kwaye likhula, iziqwenga ezincinci zethumba ziyaqhekeka zingene egazini. Njengeziqwenga zeplasta eziwa eludongeni oludala. Singazibona iziqwenga zomhlaza ezingena egazini ngolu vavanyo lwe-Liquid Biopsy.
Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezinokubakho egazini:
- Iiseli ze-tumor ezijikelezayo (ii-CTC): Ezi ziiseli zomhlaza ezipheleleyo eziphuke kwi-tumor kwaye zihamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi.
- I-DNA ye-tumor ejikelezayo (ctDNA): Ezi ziingceba ezincinci zolwazi lwemfuza (i-DNA) ngaphakathi kweeseli zomhlaza. I-DNA ifana "nesicwangciso-nkqubo" esiqulathe yonke imiyalelo efunekayo ukuze iseli isebenze. Xa iiseli zomhlaza zisifa, ezi ngceba ze-DNA ziyaqokelelana egazini.
Ukuba nezi CTC okanye i ctDNA egazini lakho luphawu oluhle lokuba kukho umhlaza kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wakho. Kwakhona, olu lwazi lunokusinika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nolwazi lwemfuza lomhlaza. Esebenzisa olo lwazi, ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukhethe ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo.
Le iseyiteknoloji entsha, kodwa izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ingatshintsha unyango lomhlaza. Sele kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezivunyiweyo ziiarhente ezifana ne-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Oku kwahluke njani kwi-biopsy eqhelekileyo?
Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. Kwi-biopsy eqhelekileyo, isampuli yethishu ithathwa ngqo kwi-tumor enomhlaza ize ivavanywe. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-biopsy engamanzi, isampuli ayithathwa kwi-tumor. Endaweni yoko, ikhangela ubungqina bomhlaza (iiseli zomhlaza okanye iziqwenga ze-DNA) egazini.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ukuze sicacise ngakumbi umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Uphawu | I-Biopsy yoLwalo | I-Biopsy yendabuko |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokwenza oko | Kulula kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo kuthathwa igazi elincinci kuphela. | Ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa utyando oluncinci lokususa iqhekeza lesicwili kwithumba lomhlaza. |
| Intlungu kunye nomngcipheko | Kukho intlungu encinci ephuma kwinaliti. Umngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu. | Kunokuba buhlungu. Kufuneka uthomalaliswe kwi-anesthesia. Kunokubakho iingozi ezifana nosulelo. |
| Yintoni onokuyifumana | Iiseli zomhlaza (ii-CTC) kunye neenxalenye zeDNA yomhlaza (i-ctDNA) egazini. | Iiseli zethumba lomhlaza ngokwazo zihlolwa ngokuthe ngqo. |
| Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili | Jonga indlela isigulane esisabela ngayo kunyango uze ukhethe unyango olufanelekileyo. | Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuba kukho umhlaza okanye akunjalo. |
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku: Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesemgangathweni ehlabathini yokuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo i-100% ukuba umhlaza ukhona okanye awukho yi-biopsy yendabuko.
Kwi-biopsy yolwelo, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba nokuba kukho umhlaza emzimbeni, isampuli yegazi ethathwe ngelo xesha ayizukuqulatha iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, ulwazi olunikayo lubaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango.
Kweziphi iimeko apho kwenziwa khona i-liquid biopsy?
Ugqirha udla ngokucebisa olu vavanyo kwizigulane ezinomhlaza osele udlulele phambili kwaye usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba (umhlaza osasazekayo). Oku kubanceda bagqibe ukuba benze ntoni ngokulandelayo, ingakumbi ukuba unyango lwangoku alusebenzi kakuhle.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokwenza olu vavanyo:
1. Chonga uqikelelo lwesifo
Inani lee-CTC (iiseli zomhlaza) egazini linokunika umbono ocacileyo wemeko yesigulana. Inani eliphantsi lee-CTC egazini lithetha imeko elungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ii-CTC ezininzi, oko kuthetha ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, oogqirha banokwenza olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha, babone indlela esisabela ngayo isifo kunyango, baze batshintshe unyango ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Yenza izigqibo zonyango
Le yenye yezona nzuzo zixabisekileyo zeLiquid Biopsy. Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zineziphene ezithile zemfuza. Kukho amayeza athile ajolise kuphela kwezo nguqu. Sibiza oku ngokuthi "unyango olujoliswe kulo". Ngamafutshane, kufana nesitshixo esinokuvulwa kuphela ngesitshixo esithile. I-Liquid Biopsy inokukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo "lokutshixa" iiseli zakho zomhlaza. Emva koko ugqirha wakho unokukunika "isitshixo" (iyeza) esifanelekileyo saloo nto.
3. Ukuba i-biopsy eqhelekileyo ayinakwenziwa
Ngamanye amaxesha isigulana sinokuba buthathaka kakhulu ukuba singabhaqwa rhoqo. Okanye ithumba lisenokuba kwindawo ebuthathaka kakhulu nekunzima ukuyifikelela kwisitho esithile, njengengqondo okanye imiphunga. Ukuba isiqwenga sinqunyulwe kwindawo enjalo, kukho umngcipheko wokonakalisa izicwili eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-biopsy yolwelo engenamngcipheko iluncedo kakhulu.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo zeLiquid Biopsy ezivunyiweyo ngoku?
Kukho uphando oluninzi oluqhubekayo kwihlabathi liphela. Okwangoku kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinkulu ezivunyiweyo yi-FDA eMelika, oko kuthetha ukuba zivavanywe ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko kunye nokuchaneka kwazo:
- Uvavanyo lweCell Search® Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inani lee-CTC (iiseli zomhlaza) egazini. Lusetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yezigulana ezinomhlaza webele, weprostate, kunye nowekoloni osasazeke emzimbeni wonke.
- Uvavanyo lwe-cobas® EGFR Mutation v2: Olu vavanyo lwe-ctDNA (iziqwenga ze-DNA yomhlaza). Luchonga utshintsho kwi-gene ye-EGFR, oluqheleke kakhulu kumhlaza wemiphunga (umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweseli encinci - i-NSCLC). Ngokufanelekileyo, `unyango olujoliswe kulo` olufanelekileyo lunokukhethwa.
- I-Guardant360® CDx: Oku kukwajonga i-ctDNA. Ichonga utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwemfuza olubonwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza kwaye inceda oogqirha ukuba bakhethe unyango olusebenzayo.
- I-FoundationOne® Liquid CDx: Olu luvavanyo lwe-ctDNA olusetyenziselwa ukuchonga utshintsho lwemfuza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, olunokunceda ekumiseleni unyango olusebenzayo.
Ingaba olu vavanyo lubuhlungu? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo?
Eyona nto ilungileyo ngeLiquid Biopsy kukuba yindlela elula kakhulu, engenabuhlungu. Kufana nje nokunika igazi ukuze kuhlolwe igazi rhoqo. Akukho ntlungu ngaphandle kokuva nje kancinci xa kufakwa inaliti.
Isampuli yegazi lakho ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri, apho iingcali zezifo zahlula iplasma egazini kwaye ziyivavanye ukuze zifumane ii-CTC okanye i-ctDNA. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukufumana iziphumo.
Iziphumo zikuxelela ukuba ingaba isampuli yegazi lakho ineeseli zomhlaza okanye iziqwenga ze-DNA (ezilungileyo) okanye azilungile (ezingalunganga). Ukuba zilungile, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokufumanisa ukuba zivela kuluphi uhlobo lomhlaza kwaye loluphi utshintsho oluvela kwimfuza olunalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-biopsy yolwelo ayisiyonkqubo equka ukusika isiqwenga sethishu emzimbeni njenge-biopsy eqhelekileyo. Yenziwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula.
- Oku kukhangela iziqwenga ezincinci zeeseli zomhlaza eziqhekekileyo (ii-CTC kunye ne-ctDNA) eziqokelelene egazini.
- Oku kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhetheni unyango olungcono kwizigulane ezinomhlaza osasazekayo kunye nokujonga indlela umzimba osabela ngayo kunyango.
- Oku akubuhlungu kakhulu kwaye akunabungozi njengokwenziwa rhoqo kwe-biopsy.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza ukhona na (umgangatho ogqwesileyo) kukwenziwa kwe-biopsy yendabuko.
- Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba olu vavanyo luyimfuneko kwaye lufanelekile na kuwe.
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