Xa ugqirha ekuxelela okanye umntu omaziyo ukuba kufuneka asuse inxalenye okanye yonke imiphunga yakhe ngotyando, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva umthwalo omkhulu kunye noloyiko. " Ndingaphila njani ngaphandle kwemiphunga?" "Ayisilo utyando olukhulu olu?" Imibuzo emininzi isenokufika engqondweni. Kodwa eneneni, esi sesona sisombululo silungileyo kwezinye iimeko zonyango, esenziwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngolu tyando lwemiphunga, okanye 'ukususwa kwemiphunga' njengoko lubizwa kwisayensi yezonyango, ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukususwa kwemiphunga?
Yile nto ithethwa lutyando lwemiphunga, okanye 'ukususwa kwemiphunga'. Ngamafutshane, lubandakanya ukususwa ngotyando inxalenye enesifo okanye eyonakeleyo yomphunga wakho, okanye umphunga wonke. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yomhlaza, usulelo olunzima, okanye enye imeko yempilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwenziwa i-biopsy ukuze kuthathwe iqhekeza lethishu ukuze livavanywe ukuze kufunyaniswe unobangela wesifo.
Sinemiphunga emibini ngaphakathi esifubeni sethu. Ngayinye yale miphunga yahlulwe yangamacandelo amancinci, njenge-pith yeorenji. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-'lobes' okanye izilayi. Umphunga wakho wasekunene unemiphunga emithathu kwaye umphunga wakho wasekhohlo unemiphunga emibini . Ngoko ke kolu tyando, i-lobe, inxalenye ye-lobe, okanye umphunga wonke unokususwa. Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba nangona olu lutyando olukhulu, usenokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nokuba ususwe umphunga omnye okanye inxalenye yomphunga.
Ziziphi iintlobo zotyando lwemiphunga?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza olu tyando. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo kunye nobungakanani bomphunga ekufuneka ususwe. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lotyando | Yile nto kanye eyenzekayo... |
|---|---|
| Ukususwa kweWedge | Iqhekeza elincinci elinonxantathu lesicwili semiphunga, njengeqhekeza lekhekhe, liyasuswa. |
| Utyando lweCandelo | Inxalenye enye okanye ezingaphezulu ze-lobe yomphunga ziyasuswa ngaphandle kokonakalisa ezinye iindawo. |
| Utyando lweLobectomy | Inxalenye yomphunga isusiwe ngokupheleleyo. |
| Utyando lweBilobectomy | Isibini kwisithathu see-lobes ezikwimiphunga yasekunene ziyasuswa. |
| Utyando lwePneumonectomy | Umphunga kwelinye icala ususiwe ngokupheleleyo. |
Zeziphi iintlobo zeemeko ezisetyenziswayo olu tyando?
Zininzi izizathu zokuba utyando lwemiphunga lwenziwe. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Umhlaza wemiphunga: Ingakumbi kwimiphunga yasekuqaleni (isigaba soku-1, sesi-II, kwaye mhlawumbi nesesi-III).
- Xa umhlaza ovela kwezinye izitho usasazeka uye emiphungeni: Lo mhlaza siwubiza ngokuba 'ngumhlaza osasazekayo'.
- Iithumba ezingengobungozi okanye amaqhuqhuva emiphungeni.
- I-Bronchiectasis: Imeko apho iindlela zomoya zivuleka ngokusisigxina zize zizaliswe yi-mucus.
- I-Emphysema : Imeko apho iingxowa zomoya ezikwimiphunga zonakele khona, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Amathumba okanye amathumba emiphungeni.
- Umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni ngenxa yengozi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba isigqibo sokwenza olu tyando senziwe emva kokuba iqela loogqirha abaziingcali lihlolisise kakuhle imeko yakho.
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza utyando
Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ukwenza olu tyando.
1. Utyando lweThoracoscopic: Le yindlela eyenziwa ngokusika okuncinci. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi yiVATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) ngamafutshane. Apha, kwenziwa imingxunya embalwa emincinci esifubeni, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera (iThoracoscope), kwaye utyando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ngelixa ubukele kwimonitha. Xa lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi, silubiza ngokuba yi-RVATS (Robotic VATS). Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba ayibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye iphola ngokukhawuleza.
2. Utyando Oluvulekileyo / Utyando Lwesifuba:Olu lutyando olukhulu. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wenza utyando olude esiswini sakho, avule isifuba sakho phakathi kweembambo ezimbini, aze afikelele emiphungeni yakho. Le nkqubo idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukususa inxalenye enkulu yomphunga okanye kwiimeko ezinzima.
Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Utyando olufana nolu lufuna amalungiselelo amahle. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika icebiso elifanelekileyo ngalo mba.
- Kuya kufuneka uzile ukutya (ungatyi kwaye ungaseli) iiyure ezininzi ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ngazo zonke iiyeza ozisebenzisayo, kuquka iivithamini kunye nezongezo. Amanye amayeza (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi) anokufuneka amiswe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyeke . Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki emva kotyando.
- Lungela iintsuku ezimbalwa esibhedlele. Kwakhona, lungiselela ukuba umntu akulande xa ufika ekhaya.
- Ngaphambi kotyando, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngovavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-CT scan, kunye novavanyo lwentliziyo (ECG) .
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Masifunde ngexesha lokuchacha
Emva kotyando, uza kugcinwa kwigumbi lokuchacha ude uvuke, uze udluliselwe kwigumbi lonyango. Ngokwesiqhelo uza kuhlala esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukuya kwiveki. Eli xesha liza kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lotyando olwenzileyo kunye nokuba ululame ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
Emva kotyando , kuza kufakwa ityhubhu yesifuba esifubeni sakho ukuze kususwe ulwelo olugqithisileyo nomoya oqokelelana esifubeni sakho. Oku kudla ngokushiywa endaweni yako usuku olunye okanye ezimbini uze emva koko kususwe.
Usenokuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo kwaye udiniwe ekuqaleni. Oku kuqhelekile. Abasebenzi bezonyango baza kukufundisa indlela yokuphefumla nzulu kwaye wenze umthambo wokukhohlela ukuze imiphunga yakho isebenze kakuhle. Usenokunikwa ioksijini okwethutyana elifutshane.
Ixesha lokuchacha liyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye.
- Ukuba utyando lwenziwe ngenxeba elincinci elifana ne -VATS , uya kukwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbini.
- Ukuba lutyando olukhulu olufana notyando lwethoracotomy , kungathatha inyanga okanye ngaphezulu ukuba luphile ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba kukho iingozi kunye neengxaki?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando olukhulu, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.
- Ukuvuza komoya emiphungeni
- Ukungahambi kakuhle kwentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukuqokelelana kwegazi esifubeni (iHemothorax)
- Izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia
- Usulelo kwimikrwelo
- Ukuxhuzula kwemithambo yegazi (pulmonary embolism)
- Iimpendulo kwi-anesthesia
Iqela lakho lezonyango lenza konke okusemandleni alo ukunciphisa ezi ngozi. Ungazinciphisa ngakumbi ezi ngozi ngokuphepha ukutshaya nangokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Emva kokubuyela ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu eziyingozi ezibonakala.
| Uphawu | Kwenziwe ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Thetha nogqirha wakho: | |
| Ukuba ibhandeji elisesinqeni liqala ukopha ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba limanzi | Yazisa ugqirha wakho okanye isibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukuba ukukhupha okuphumayo kunombala ongaqhelekanga okanye kugqithisile | |
| Ukuba unomkhuhlane | |
| Ukuba unentlungu engenakulawuleka nokuba usebenzisa amayeza | |
| Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko: | |
| Ukuba ukhwehlela igazi | Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo kakhulu. Yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukuba ngequbuliso ufumana ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla | |
| Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni ngequbuliso kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla | |
Ngaba imiphunga esusiweyo ingaphinda ikhule kwakhona?
Hayi. Ngokungafaniyo nesibindi sethu, izicubu zemiphunga azikhuli kwakhona emva kokuba zisusiwe ngotyando. Kodwa umzimba uyaziqhelanisa nolu tshintsho. Izicubu zemiphunga eziseleyo ziqala ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngoko ke ngokuhamba kwexesha, usenokungawuboni umahluko omkhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukususwa kwemiphunga yindlela yotyando ephucukileyo nephumeleleyo enyanga izifo ezinzulu.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba novalo malunga nolu tyando. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngalo mba kwaye ubuze nayiphi na imibuzo onayo.
- Ngokulandela amanyathelo ngononophelo ngaphambi kotyando, ingakumbi ukuyeka ukutshaya, unokukhawulezisa ukuchacha kwakho kwaye unciphise iingozi.
- Kuthatha ixesha ukuchacha. Ngoko ke yiba nomonde. Nika umzimba wakho ukuphumla okufunekayo. Fumana uncedo kusapho nakubahlobo.
- Hlala uqaphela naziphi na iimpawu zomngcipheko (umkhuhlane, iintlungu eziqatha, ubunzima bokuphefumla) ezinokubakho emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya. Ukuba uneengxaki, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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