Sonke siyoyika kancinci xa sibona abazali bethu kunye nabantu abadala belahlekelwa yinkumbulo yabo kancinci kancinci njengoko bekhula. "Ngaba oku kukuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer?" Umbuzo usezingqondweni zethu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isifo se-Alzheimer sidla ngokuchongwa ngokuhlola inkumbulo yomntu nokukhangela iimpawu ezifana notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha. Kodwa ngoku, iqela leengcali zonyango ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela lize nesiphakamiso esikhulu sokutshintsha le nkqubo. Bathi endaweni yokulinda ukuba kuvele iimpawu, kufuneka sisebenzise ubungqina bebhayoloji emzimbeni ukuze sichonge esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba senzeke.
Kutheni le nto kufuneka inkqubo entsha kangaka?
Usenokuba ucinga, "Kutheni kufuneka kutshintshwe le nkqubo? Ngaba kukho into engalunganga ngenkqubo yangoku?" Enyanisweni, inkqubo yangoku ifumanisa isifo kuphela emva kokuba kubekho umonakalo othile engqondweni kwaye iziphumo zayo ziqale ukubonakala njengeempawu. Oko kuthetha ukuba kusemva kwexesha ukufumana uxilongo.
Kodwa le yeyona ngcamango iphambili yale ngcebiso intsha.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sifanele sichazwe ngokwebhayoloji, singasekelwanga kwiimpawu.
Ngamafutshane, njengomcuphi okhangela izikhokelo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ulwaphulo-mthetho, injongo kukubona utshintsho emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu aze afumanise isifo. Isizathu soku kukuba, ngenkqubela phambili yakutshanje kwisayensi yezonyango, kuye kwaveliswa iindlela ezintsha zokuvavanya ezinokubona ezo zikhokelo zebhayoloji. Oku kuvumela izigulane ukuba zazi ngemeko yazo kwangethuba, zenze izigqibo malunga nobomi bazo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye zifune unyango olufunekayo kwangethuba. Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho ezinye izifo ezibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo nesifo sika-Alzheimer. Ngenxa yale ndlela intsha, kulula ukuba oogqirha bachonge ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza ukuba ngaba sisifo sika-Alzheimer okanye sesinye isifo.
Zithini ezi biomarkers?
Xa usiva igama elithi " ii-biomarkers ," ungacinga ukuba ligama elikhulu nelinzima. Kodwa lilula kakhulu. Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengeemoto. Xa into iqala ukungahambi kakuhle kwinjini yemoto, ngamanye amaxesha isibane sokulumkisa siyakhanya kwideshibhodi, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, xa into iqala ukungahambi kakuhle emizimbeni yethu, sibona iimpawu zayo egazini lethu, kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, okanye kwezinye izicwili. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba zii-biomarkers.
Xa kufikwa kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, kukho ii-biomarkers ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Iiproteni ze-Beta-amyloid: Ezi ziqokelelana engqondweni zize zenze amaqhekeza amancinci (iiplaque).
2. Iiproteni zeTau: Ezi ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni kwaye zenze iintambo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ubukho bezi proteni yayikukusebenzisa iiskeni zobuchopho ezikhethekileyo (nezibizayo). Kodwa ngoku, kuye kwenziwa uvavanyo olutsha lwegazi olunokulinganisa ngokulula amanqanaba ezi proteni. Le yeyona mpumelelo inkulu kwesi siphakamiso.
Inkqubo yokulinganisa inqanaba efana neyomhlaza
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngomhlaza. Emva kokuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, oogqirha bawuhlulahlula ngokwamanqanaba afana "neSigaba soku-1" kunye "neSigaba sesi-2." Oku kunika isigulana kunye nabo banyangayo ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ubunzulu besifo kunye nokuba sisasazeke kangakanani.
Ngoku, ezi ngcali zicebisa ukwazisa inkqubo efanayo yokulinganisa isifo sika-Alzheimer. Ngokwale nkqubo, isigulana sahlulwe sahlulwe saya kumanqanaba ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-6. Olu hlu lusekelwe kubukho beempawu ze-biomarker ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kunye notshintsho oluncinci lwengqondo kwimemori nakwindlela yokuziphatha. Oku kuya kuvumela isigulana kunye nosapho ukuba baqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba bakweliphi inqanaba lesi sifo.
Isebenza njani le nkqubo intsha eneenqanaba?
Le nkqubo icetywayo isaxoxwa ngayo, kodwa njengoko injalo ngoku, ukuhlelwa kwezigaba kulandelayo.
| Iqonga | Intsingiselo kunye nenkcazo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba 0 | Aba bantu abanazo iimpawu, abanazo ii-biomarkers, kodwa banezakhi zofuzo ezibabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-Alzheimer's kwixesha elizayo (umzekelo, abantu abane-Down syndrome). |
| Inqanaba loku-1 | Aba bantu nabo abanazo iimpawu . Inkumbulo yabo ilungile. Kodwa bafumanisa ukuba baneempawu ze-biomarker ezinxulumene ne-Alzheimer's ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi okanye lokuskena. |
| Inqanaba lesi-2 | Kukwakho nee-biomarkers, kunye nenkumbulo, ukuziphatha, kunye nokucinga.Utshintsho oluncinci kakhulu luqala ukwenzeka. Olu tshintsho lusenokungabi nampembelelo ingako kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Oku kufana noko sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Mild Cognitive Impairment." Iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo ziya zibonakala ngakumbi. |
| Amanqanaba 4, 5, 6 | Ezi zigaba zintathu zifana noko sikubiza ngokuba yi-mild, medium, kunye ne-severe dementia. Iimpawu ziyabonakala, kwaye kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. |
Kukho iingenelo kunye nemingeni kule ndlela.
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yale ndlela intsha kukuba inokusibona isifo kwangethuba . Ke ngoko, abo bakwinqanaba lokuqala banokuzuza kakhulu kunyango olutsha.
Kodwa kukho umceli mngeni omkhulu kunye nempikiswano eninzi. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubunokuxelela umntu ophilileyo, ongenalo ixesha lokulibala okanye iimpawu, ngokujonga nje iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi uze uthi, "Unesifo se-Alzheimer's esikwinqanaba lokuqala," bekuya kwenzeka ntoni? Oko bekuya kuyichaphazela njani impilo yengqondo yaloo mntu, imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yeinshorensi, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe? Le yinto ebuzwa ziingcali zonyango. Ke ngoko, ukuba ukuxilongwa okunjalo kunikwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika isigulana ingcebiso efanelekileyo ngaxeshanye. Oku kusaxoxwa phakathi kweengcali.
Nangona kunjalo, esi siphakamiso sibonisa ukuba siza kwenza inyathelo elikhulu phambili ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni kwesifo se-Alzheimer.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iingcali zicebisa ukuba indlela yokuxilonga isifo sika-Alzheimer mayisekelwe kwii-biomarkers ezifumaneka egazini nakwii-scan, kunokuba isekelwe kwiimpawu.
- Injongo ephambili yoku kukuchonga isifo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu nokubonelela ngethuba lonyango kwangethuba.
- Njengomhlaza, kucetywayo ukuba kungeniswe inkqubo yokulungiselela isifo sika-Alzheimer ukusuka kwinqanaba 0 ukuya kwelesi-6.
- Kusekho izimvo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweengcali malunga nokukwazi ukuxilonga "iSigaba soku-1 se-Alzheimer" ukuba umntu akanazo iimpawu, kodwa uneempawu ze-biomarker.
- Nangona zonke ezi zinto zisesekwinqanaba lokucetyiswa, ukuba ziyaphunyezwa kwixesha elizayo, zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu kunyango lwe-Alzheimer's. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uneengxaki zokukhumbula, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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