Igama elithi 'isisu sobuchopho' okanye 'umhlaza wobuchopho' likwenza ungcangcazele, akunjalo? Ligama eloyikekayo ngokwenene. Kodwa xa sikuqonda ngokupheleleyo oku, singakunciphisa olo loyiko kakhulu. Namhlanje sithetha ngohlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-glioma, olunokwenzeka engqondweni nasemgogodleni. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni kanye kanye, kutheni lukhula, zithini iimpawu, kwaye loluphi unyango olufumanekayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye iGlioma?
Ngamafutshane, i-glioma ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela lee-cancer eziqala 'kwii-glial cells' ezikwingqondo yethu nakwi-spinal cord. Ezi glial cells luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli ezixhasa, zikhusela, kwaye zondla ii-nerve cells zethu. Ngoko ke, i-glioma yenzeka xa ezi seli ziqala ukukhula ngaphandle kolawulo.
Iimpawu, uqikelelo, kunye nonyango lolu hlobo lomhlaza lunokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Oku kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, uhlobo lomhlaza, iimpawu zemfuza (ii-biomarkers) ezinazo, kunye nokuba ikuphi ingqondo apho ithumba likhoyo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-gliomas zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisasazeka kwizicubu zengqondo eziqhelekileyo. Xa oku kusenzeka, kunzima kakhulu ukususa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusenokungenzeki konke konke.
Iiglioblastomas zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zesifo somhlaza ebuchotsheni kubantu abadala. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala kwaye zixhaphake kancinci kumadoda.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezibangela ukuba oku kuphuhle?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Kuchongwe izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-glioma.
- Unyango lwemitha lwangaphambili: Unyango lwemitha lwangaphambili oluya engqondweni luyinto enobungozi ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezibukhali ze-gliomas.
- Ukulimala entloko: Ukulimala entloko kukwathathwa njengomngcipheko ngandlela ithile.
- Iimeko zofuzo: Nangona ezinye iimeko zofuzo zinyusa umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza ebantwaneni, awuqhelekanga kubantu abadala.
Abantu abaninzi bakhathazekile kukuba imikhwa yabo yokuphila isenokuba yimbangela yoku. Kodwa khumbula, akukho khonkco liqinisekisiweyo phakathi kwezinto ezibangela indlela yokuphila ezifana nokusela utywala, ukutshaya, okanye ukusebenzisa ifowuni kunye ne-malignant glioma. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngokungeyomfuneko ngayo loo nto.
Iintlobo eziphambili kunye namanqanaba e-glioma
I-Glioma luhlobo lomhlaza oluhlelwa ngohlobo lweseli ye-glial ephuma kuyo kunye nendlela ekhula ngokukhawuleza ngayo. Ngamazwi alula, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: "ekhula kancinci" (ekwinqanaba eliphantsi) kunye "nekhula ngokukhawuleza" (ekwinqanaba eliphezulu). Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-glioma | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Astrocytomas | Ezi ziqala kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-astrocytes. Zihlala zisasazeka ziye kwizicubu zengqondo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuzinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Zibekwa kwinqanaba loku-1 ukuya kwelesi-4. Ibanga loku-1 lelona likhula kancinci, kwaye iBanga lesi-4 lolona hlobo lukhawulezayo nolunzima. |
| Ii-Oligodendrogliomas | Ezi ziqala kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-oligodendrocytes. Ezinye zikhula kancinci, kodwa zinokusasazeka kwizicubu ezingqongileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokunyangeka. Iintlobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunzima ukuzinyanga. |
| IiGlioblastomas | Ezi ziinhlungu zomhlaza ezihlasela kakhulu eziqala kwizigaba zokuqala zeeseli ze-glial. Zihlala zikwibanga lesi-4. Olu lolona hlobo lomhlaza wobuchopho oluhlaselayo nolukhula ngokukhawuleza olubonwa kubantu abadala. |
| Ii-Ependymomas | Ezi zikwaluhlobo lwe-glioma. Ekubeni zingangeni kwizicubu zobuchopho njengezinye iintlobo, zingaphumelela kakhulu ukuba zisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, zinokusasazeka ngolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. |
Amanqaku omhlaza kunye neempawu zofuzo
Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), ezi cancer zihlelwa ngokwendlela ezibonakala ngayo iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwe-microscope kunye neprofayili yazo yemfuza. Ukubakho kotshintsho oluthile lwemfuza (umz., `IDH mutation`, `1p/19q co-deletion`) kubonisa ukuba umhlaza usabela kakuhle kunyango oluthile. Ezi ziingxaki ezinzima, ngoko ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi zinto.
Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu?
Iimpawu ze-glioma ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-brain tumor ikhoyo. Umzekelo, usenokuba nentloko ebuhlungu eyahlukileyo kweyesiqhelo kwaye ibonakala isiba mandundu imihla ngemihla. Okanye usenokuba nokuxhuzula ngequbuliso. Ezi ziimpawu eziphambili.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Intloko ebuhlungu: Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanomhlaza wobuchopho banale mpawu.
- Ukuxhuzula: Ukuqala ngequbuliso ukuxhuzula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukulibala iziganeko zakutshanje.
- Ubuthathaka bomzimba: ukuba ndindisholo engalweni okanye emlenzeni, ukungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu.
- Iingxaki zokubona: ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona okuphindwe kabini.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha: ukungakwazi ukukhumbula igama elifanelekileyo xa uthetha, ukungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle.
- Utshintsho lobuntu: Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, njengomsindo okanye ukucaphuka ngequbuliso.
Njengoko umhlaza ukhula, ezi mpawu zinokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci njengoko zitshabalalisa iiseli zengqondo, zicinezela iindawo ezithile zengqondo, kwaye zibangele ukuba ingqondo idumbe.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ukuba kukho umhlaza okrokrelwayo engqondweni, into yokuqala ugqirha aza kuyenza kukuyalela ukuba kwenziwe iskeni yobuchopho.
1. Iiskeni: Kusetyenziswa iskeni ye-`CT` okanye iskeni ye-`MRI` koku. Iskeni ye-`MRI` inokufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo.
2. I-Biopsy: Ukuba iskeni iqinisekisa ukuba kukho ithumba, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lalo lize livavanywe ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'biopsy'. Ukuba kwenziwa utyando, eli qhekeza linokuthathwa ngaxeshanye. Ukuba ithumba linzulu engqondweni kwaye alinakwenziwa utyando, inkqubo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'stereotactic needle biopsy' isetyenziselwa ukwenza umngxuma omncinci ekhayeni kwaye kudluliswe inaliti kuyo ukuze kufunyanwe isampuli yethishu.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-glioma. Ukhetho lonyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo, ibanga, indawo, iimpawu zemfuza (ii-biomarkers) zomhlaza, kunye nobudala bomguli kunye nempilo iyonke.
- Utyando:Injongo ephambili kukususa ithumba ngokukhuselekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukususa ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokonakalisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yengqondo (intetho, intshukumo) kunokunciphisa iimpawu nokulawula ukusasazeka kwesifo.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Isebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu okanye ezinye iintlobo zemisebe ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza (ngeepilisi okanye iinaliti) athintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Olu lwahlukile kwi-chemotherapy eqhelekileyo. La ngamayeza anamhlanje ajolise kwaye ahlasele iiproteni ezithile okanye iimpawu zemfuza ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule.
- Unyango Olutshintshanayo Lwe-Electric-Field: Le yindlela entsha yonyango. Ii-electrode zifakwa phezu komphezulu wekhakayi kwaye kusetyenziswa intsimi yombane engaphantsi kwamandla, etshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-``Optune Gio``` sisetyenziselwa oku.
- Unyango oluxhasayo: Unyango olunikezelwa ukulawula iimpawu. Umzekelo, ii-corticosteroids zokunciphisa ukudumba kobuchopho kunye ne-anticonvulsants ukulawula ukuxhuzula.
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Uphando oluvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lonyango olutsha. Ezinye izigulana zinokukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezi.
Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza. Umzekelo, utyando lolona nyango luphambili lwe-astrocytoma ekumgangatho ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, i-glioblastoma ekumgangatho ophezulu ifuna indibaniselwano yotyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy.
Khumbula, zonke ezi zigqibo zenziwa liqela lezonyango elikhokelwa ngugqirha wakho. Ngoko ke ukuba unemibuzo malunga nantoni na, ungoyiki ukumbuza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Glioma luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwiiseli ezixhasayo zobuchopho kunye nomqolo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezingaqhelekanga, ukuxhuzula okungachazekiyo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, okanye ubuthathaka kwinxalenye yomzimba wakho, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Imikhwa yokuphila efana nokusebenzisa iiselfowuni, ukutshaya, kunye nokusela utywala ayibonakali ukuba ibangela lo mhlaza. Ngoko ke musa ukuwoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Iindlela zonyango (utyando, i-radiation, i-chemotherapy) zimiselwa ngoogqirha ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kunye nomgangatho womhlaza kunye nemeko yesigulana.
- Nangona izinga lokunyangwa kwe-gliomas ekumgangatho ophezulu liphantsi, iziphumo ezingcono zinokufumaneka ngokusekelwe kunyango lwanamhlanje kunye neempawu zemfuza zesigulana.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo , kungcono kwaye kukhuselekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kunokukhangela kwi-intanethi ngayo.
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