Iqhuma esifubeni? Masifunde nge-Mediastinal Tumor ngokulula

Ithumba eliphakathi kwesisu liqhuma elenzeka kwindawo ephakathi kwemiphunga yakho, phakathi kwesifuba sakho nemiphunga yakho. Usenokuba awukaze uve ngeli gama ngaphambili. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ngalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, la maqhuma anokukhula ngaphandle kweempawu. Ngoko masithethe ngalo ngokweenkcukacha ukuze uqonde.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-mediastinal tumor?

Cinga ngesithuba esingaphakathi esifubeni sakho. Ithambo lesifuba lingaphambili, umqolo ungasemva, kwaye imiphunga ikwicala ngalinye. Isithuba esiphakathi kwezi zitho sibizwa ngokuba yi-mediastinum ngokwezonyango. Esi sithuba siqulethe izitho ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kuquka intliziyo yakho, i-aorta, i-esophagus, i-trachea, i-thymus gland, kunye ne-lymph nodes, eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela.

Ngoko ke, naluphi na ubuninzi beeseli, oko kukuthi, iqhuma, elenzeka kule ndawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mediastinum, silibiza ngokuba yi-mediastinal tumor. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi qhuma:

• Impilo: Ezi azinazo izifo zomhlaza. Zihlala zikhula kwindawo enye kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Isifo somhlaza: Ezi zizifo zomhlaza. Zinokusasazeka, zonakalisa izicwili ezingqongileyo.

Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zamaqhuma? Ngaba ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke apho zakheka khona?

Ewe, la maqhuqhuva ahlulwe abe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili kuxhomekeke ekubeni akheke phi. Oko kukuthi, ngokwendlela akhiwe ngayo la macandelo mathathu e-mediastinum: umphambili, umbindi, nomva. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

Ngubani ofumana la maqhuma? Axhaphake kangakanani?

Nangona ezi ntlobo zamaqhuma zinokuvela nakweyiphi na iminyaka, zihlala zifunyanwa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana.

• Abantu abadala: Amaqhuma adla ngokukhula kwi-mediastinum engaphambili. Ezi zinokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba zibe zizifo zomhlaza ezifana ne-lymphoma okanye i-thymoma.
• Abantwana: Amaqhuma adla ngokukhula kwi-posterior mediastinum. La maqhuma aqala kwimithambo-luvo kwaye adla ngokuba ngumhlaza.

Esi asiyongxaki ixhaphakileyo. Sichaphazela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi.

Ingaba le yimeko enzima? Ngaba kufuneka ndiyoyike?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqonde apha kukuba nangona eli qhuma lingenamhlaza (lingenobungozi), linokuba yingozi kuxhomekeke ekubeni likuphi .

Khawuthelekelele, njengoko eli qhuma likhula, lingafaka uxinzelelo kumalungu anjengentliziyo, ingxowa encinci ejikeleze intliziyo (i-pericardium), imithambo yegazi emikhulu, kunye ne-trachea. Kwakhona, iqhuma elenzeka ngasemva lingafaka uxinzelelo kumqolo. Ke ngoko, ukuba alinyangwa, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokwenzeka.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Okumangalisayo kukuba, malunga nama-40% abantu abanale meko abanazo naziphi na iimpawu . Eli qhuma lidla ngokufunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le-X-ray yesifuba ngesinye isizathu.

Ukuba kuvela iimpawu, kudla ngokuba yi-tumor ekhulileyo kwaye icinezela amalungu angqongileyo. Ii-tumor ezinomhlaza zinokubangela iimpawu.

Ezi ziimpawu ezinokubonwa ngokubanzi:

• Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi.
• Isandi esiphantsi esivela emqaleni xa uphefumla (stridor).
• Ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumla nzima, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Ukukhohlela igazi (i-hemoptysis).
• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya (dysphagia).
• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, okanye ukubila ebusuku.
• Intlungu yesifuba (oku akuvamile kakhulu).
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ama-lymph nodes (ii-glands) avuvukile okanye athambile xa echukunyiswa.
• Iingxaki zamehlo ezifana nokugoba kwamehlo kwelinye icala lobuso kunye nezangqa ezincinci ezimnyama kwiinkophe.

Kutheni la maqhuma esenzeka?

Kunzima ukukhomba isizathu esinye soku. Kusenokuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo.

• Ukukhula kweeseli okungalawulekiyo: Zombini iithumba ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza ziyakhula xa iiseli zahlukana kwaye zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka.
• Njengempendulo kwenye imeko yezonyango: Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-lymph nodes zinokudumba kwaye zibonakale zinamaqhuqhuva ngenxa yosulelo okanye enye imeko yezonyango emzimbeni.
• Iimeko zokuzalwa: Ezinye iithumba, umzekelo, ii-pericardial cysts kunye nee-bronchogenic cysts, zizinto ezikhula ngokungaqhelekanga kwizicubu ezifumaneka ukususela ekuzalweni.

Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba kufunyenwe iqhuma kwi-X-ray yesifuba, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afunde ngakumbi ngalo.

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukujonga iqhuma.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kune-X-ray. Kungabonisa ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwethumba, kunye nendlela elichaphazele ngayo amalungu angqongileyo.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Inceda ukubona ukuba iqhuma liyatyhala kwiithishu ezingqongileyo okanye lisasazeke kuzo (njengakwimeko yomhlaza).
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezifana ne-lymphoma.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokujonga iiproteni okanye ii-enzymes (iimpawu zethumba) ezinxulumene neentlobo ezithile zeethumba.
• Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji:Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwiqhubu lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweeseli elenziwe ngalo iqhubu kwaye nokuba linomhlaza okanye akunjalo. Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana nokuthatha iqhekeza ngenaliti phantsi kwe-CT scan (CT-guided needle biopsy), ukudlulisa ityhubhu enekhamera kwi-esophagus (Esophagoscopy), okanye ukudlulisa ityhubhu kwi-windpipe (Bronchoscopy).

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lweqhubu, indawo elikuyo, inqanaba lalo ukuba lingumhlaza, kunye neempawu onazo.

• Utyando: Olu lolona nyango luqhelekileyo. Iithumba ezinomhlaza, iithumba ezicinezela amalungu akufutshane, kunye neethumba ezibangela iimpawu zisenokufuna ukususwa ngotyando. Oku kungenziwa nge-sternotomy okanye ngokusikwa okuncinci okuliqela kusetyenziswa ikhamera (utyando lwethoraskopu oluncediswa yividiyo - i-VATS).
• Unyango lweMisebe: Olu nyango lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha lunikwa lodwa okanye kunye notyando.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye anciphisa iithumba.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ukuba iqhuma libangelwa lusulelo (umz., ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo), linokunyangeka ngee-antibiotics.
• Ukulinda Ngokuqaphela: Ukuba iqhuma alinamhlaza kwaye akukho zimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni angalinyangi aze endaweni yoko enze iiskeni ukujonga iqhuma ukuba alinaluphi na utshintsho.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo lweqhuma, nokuba linesifo somhlaza okanye akunjalo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ke ngoko, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ingcaciso engcono ngembonakalo yemeko yakho.

Akukho ndlela iqinisekileyo yokuthintela ukuba ezi ntlobo zamaqhuma zingabikho. Kodwa eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona imeko kwangethuba . Ukuba uneempawu esizixubushe ngaphambili (ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukurhawuzelela, ubunzima bokuginya) kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Izinto onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unale meko, buza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo.

• Luhlobo luni lwe-mediastinal tumor endinayo?
• Ingaba eli qhuma linesifo somhlaza okanye akunjalo?
• Ngaba oku kuyafuneka kunyangwe?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo nyango?
• Zeziphi iziphumo endinokuzilindela emva konyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabele iingxaki ezibangelwa yiqhuma okanye unyango?