Ingaba yinto enkulu na ukuba ufumana intsholongwane emzimbeni wakho? Masifunde nge-meningococcemia!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esiba nzima kakhulu emzimbeni ngequbuliso kwaye sinokusongela ubomi? I-Meningococcemia yenye yeengxaki ezinjalo. Oku kwenzeka xa iintsholongwane zingena egazini lethu kwaye zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wonke. Abanye abantu babiza ngokuba yi-meningococcal septicemia. Nangona esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga, ukuba siyenzeka, siyingozi kakhulu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqaphele.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-meningococcemia?

Ngamafutshane, i-meningococcemia yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi. Ibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiNeisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis). Xa le bhaktheriya ingena egazini lethu, yonakalisa imithambo yegazi yethu. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi lingahambi kakuhle kumalungu nakwizicubu ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu. Oku kubangela iimpawu ezifana nezandla ezibandayo neenyawo, iintlungu eziqatha emzimbeni, kunye nolusu olumhlophe. Igazi linokuvuza kwimithambo yegazi ephukileyo kwaye lenze amabala amancinci phantsi kolusu. La mabala anokuba mancinci ekuqaleni, kodwa kamva anokukhula abe makhulu aze asasazeke emzimbeni wonke.

Khumbula, i-meningococcemia yingxamiseko yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukuba ufumanisa nokuba luphawu oluncinci, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-meningitis kunye ne-meningococcemia?

Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-meningitis. Zombini zibangelwa yintsholongwane efanayo, i-N. meningitidis. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.

• I-Meningitis kuxa le ntsholongwane ingena engqondweni yethu nakwi-spinal cord (inkqubo yemithambo-luvo engaphakathi komqolo).
• I-Meningococcemia kuxa le ntsholongwane ingena egazini lethu ize isosulele.

Ngamanye amaxesha zombini ezi meko zinokwenzeka kunye. Kwakhona, ezinye iintsholongwane, iifungi, okanye iibhaktheriya zinokubangela ukosuleleka kwengqondo (i-meningitis).

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

I-Meningococcemia sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, kuxelwa amatyala angaphantsi kwama-400 minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunqabile, ingozi ayinciphi ukuba iyenzeka. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini iimpawu ze-meningococcemia?

Iimpawu zesi sifo zinzima kakhulu, kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Abantu abaninzi basichaza njenge "ntlungu imbi kakhulu abakha bayiva ebomini babo." Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Izandla neenyawo ezibandayo: Umzimba uyabanda kwaye amalungu omzimba angavakala ngathi ngumkhenkce xa echukunyiswa.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yemisipha: Intlungu inokuba nzima ukuyinyamezela, ingakumbi emilenzeni.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye usoloko ulele.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza: Izinga lokuphefumla linokunyuka ngequbuliso.
• Intlungu yesisu: Isisu esibuhlungu, ngamanye amaxesha esibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukungcangcazela okanye ukungcangcazela rhoqo: Usenokuziva ungcangcazela, uthuthumela.
• Utshintsho lolusu: Ulusu lunokutshintsha umbala ngequbuliso, okanye umbala wolusu utshintshe, kwaye amabala anombala angavela kwezinye iindawo.
• Amabala abomvu, amdaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okanye amfusa atyatyambileyo eluswini: La aqala njengamabala amancinci (i-petechiae). Ahlala ebonakala kwiindawo ezixineneyo ngeempahla, ezinje ngamakhwapha, iibhanti esinqeni, amaqatha, iingqiniba, kunye namathanga angaphakathi. La mabala anokukhula abe makhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha aze asasazeke emzimbeni wonke (i-purpura). Nangona kunjalo, musa ukulinda ukuba la mabala asasazeke. Ukuba unenkxalabo , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni ebangela i-meningococcemia?

Njengoko sele sixoxile, imbangela ephambili yoku yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiNeisseria meningitidis . Le ntsholongwane inokungena emizimbeni yethu xa siyiphefumla. Emva koko inokuhamba ngemiphunga iye egazini lethu (elibangela i-meningococcemia) okanye iye engqondweni (elibangela i-meningitis). Xa sele ingene egazini, le ntsholongwane yonakalisa imithambo yegazi yethu. Oku kuncitshisa izicubu zethu ioksijini eziyidingayo.

Esi sifo sidluliselwa njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Intsholongwane (i-N. meningitidis) isasazeka phakathi kwabantu abasondeleleneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba:

• Ngokuqabula.
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezinje ngokutya, iibhotile zamanzi, kunye neekomityi.
• Ngamanye amaxesha inokusasazeka phakathi kwabantu abahlala endlwini enye okanye abahlala kunye rhoqo (umzekelo, abahlobo besikolo, abantu abahlala kwiindawo zokulala ekhampasini).

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci yokuba ne-meningococcemia. Ezi ziquka:

• Iintsana: Ingakumbi kwiintsana eziphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye neminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Ulutsha: Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-16-23 ubudala.
• Abantu abaselula abahlala kunye ngokwamaqela: umzekelo, abo bakwiigumbi zokulala zaseyunivesithi.
• Abantu abahambahambayo okanye abahlala kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika (e-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara).
• Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Oko kukuthi, abantu abaneemeko ezifana nosulelo `(HIV)`, `(ukongeza ukungabikho kwezakhi zomzimba)`.
• Abantu abathatha amayeza ``ancedisayo`` kwizigulo ezithile.
• Abantu abangenayo i-spleen okanye abo i-spleen yabo ingasebenzi kakuhle.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinkulu ezinokubakho ngenxa yesi sifo?

Iingxaki zeMeningococcemiaInokuba yingozi ebomini kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina nasemva kokuba uphilile. Nazi ezinye zeengxaki ezinzulu:

• Ukothuka kweSeptic: Oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lomzimba luhla ngendlela eyingozi.
• Ukuxinana Kwemithambo Yegazi Okusasazekayo (DIC): Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuxinana kwegazi iyaphela, nto leyo ebangela ukopha okungalawulekiyo.
• I-Purpura fulminans: Olu luhlobo olubi lwe-DIC. Inokubangela ukuba izicubu zolusu zife.
• I-Gangrene: Ukufa kwezicubu emzimbeni ngenxa yokunqongophala kwegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ilungu lomzimba kunokufuneka linqunyulwe.
• I-Myocarditis: Ukudumba kunye nosulelo lwemisipha yentliziyo.
• Ukonakala okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu angaphakathi: Amalungu abalulekileyo afana nezintso nesibindi angonakaliswa.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Oogqirha badla ngokwenza i-blood culture okanye i-lumbar puncture ukuze bajonge i-meningococcemia. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba esi sifo siyingozi kakhulu, ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unaso kwangoko nje ukuba akubone, baya kuqala unyango ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulinda iziphumo zovavanyo.

Luluphi unyango lwesi sifo?

I-Meningococcemia inyangwa kakhulu ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa kakhulu yi-ceftriaxone, i-cefotaxime, okanye i-penicillin. Ukongeza, oogqirha banokuthi:

• Ukuba kukho izicubu ezifileyo, zisuswa ngotyando.
• Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi, isisombululo setyuwa okanye amayeza aya kunikwa ukuze lunyuke.
• Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, ioksijini inikwa kwaye isenokudityaniswa nesixhobo somoya.

Ukuba unesifo esi, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aza kunikwa ngesisombululo setyuwa (IV) emthanjeni. Uza kunikwa nolunye unyango lokulawula naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela nokukugcina ukhululekile.

Ngaba esi sifo singanyangeka ngokupheleleyo? Lingakanani izinga lokuchacha?

Ewe, i-meningococcemia inokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, nangona unyango lunokunyanga, esi sifo ngamanye amaxesha sinokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento omawuyilindele ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho.

Oku kuyabulala ukuba akunyangwa.Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba awufumani unyango, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kufa. Kwanaphakathi kwabo banyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, izinga lokufa liphakathi kwe-10% ne-15%. Oko kuthetha ukuba nangona unyango lukhona, asinguye wonke umntu onokusindiswa. Yiyo loo nto oku kuyingozi.

Sifanele siye nini esibhedlele ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingentla, yiyani kwicandelo lezonyango ezingxamisekileyo esibhedlele elikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Esi sifo sinokuba qatha ngokukhawuleza kwaye singasongela ubomi kwiiyure ezimbalwa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ngamaxesha anje, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile?
• Ndingazilawula njani naziphi na iziphumo okanye iingxaki ezinokuthi zivele emva koku?
• Ngaba abahlobo bam/usapho lwam/abantu endihlala nabo kufuneka bathathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwale nto?
• Ndingabuya nini kwakhona kugqirha?

Singazikhusela njani kwesi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yiMeningococcemia?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo kukufumana imijovo ye-meningococcal. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezijovo: i-Meningococcal conjugate/MenACWY kunye ne-MenB. Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa:

• Fumana i-MenACWY vaccine kumntwana ngamnye ophakathi kweminyaka eli-11-12 kunye ne-booster shot xa eneminyaka eli-16.
• Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abasengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo, ingakumbi kwiintsholongwane ze-meningococcal ezisuka kumaqela e-A, C, W, okanye Y, kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya (i-MenACWY).
• Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-meningococcal kwiqela B kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya (iMenB).

Ungabuza ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha wezingane malunga nezi gonyo.

Ukongeza, abantu abaye badibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu one-meningococcemia (umz., abantu abaye bancamisana, abantu abahlala kwikhaya elinye) banokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo ngokuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha.

Okokugqibela, ndimele ndithi...

I-Meningococcemia sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Kukho imijovo yokukhusela kuso. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba esi sifo sibe sibi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu ziyavela.

Mamela umzimba wakho. Ukuba kukho into enzulu eyenzekayo, uza kuyiva. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, musa ukulinda de zibe mandundu. Yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko, uxelele oogqirha ukuba uziva njani kunye nezinto ozicingayo. Ukuqala unyango kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kumathuba akho okuchacha.

"I-Meningococcemia, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, ukutyhefwa kwegazi, imeko engxamisekileyo, i-meningitis, ukurhawuzelela kolusu, ugonyo