Xa sicinga ngotyando, uninzi lwethu lucinga ngezinto ezoyikisayo ezifana nokusikwa okukhulu, iintsuku ezimbalwa esibhedlele, kunye nentlungu ende, akunjalo? Kodwa ngoku, isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngenkqubo yotyando emangalisayo kakhulu eyenziwa ngaphandle kwaloo migqomo mikhulu, kodwa kuphela ngomngxuma omncinci kakhulu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiMinimally Invasive Surgery, okanye i-MIS njengoko ibizwa njalo phakathi koogqirha.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni utyando oluncinci oluhlaselayo (MIS)?
Yingcamango elula kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubusenza utyando ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha kuya kufuneka enze umsikelo omkhulu, mhlawumbi iisentimitha ezimbalwa ubude, ukuze afike kwindawo apho utyando lwenziwa khona. Kodwa nge-MIS, oogqirha benza imisikelo embalwa eluswini nakwizicwili zakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oko kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokwenza umsikelo omnye omkhulu, benza umsikelo omnye okanye ngaphezulu ngobukhulu besitshixo .
Ngale mingxuma mincinci, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-endoscope) kunye nezixhobo zotyando ezinde nezincinci ezenzelwe ngokukodwa. Ngenxa yokuba imifanekiso evela kwikhamera iboniswa kwisikrini esikhulu (imonitha), ugqirha unokubona ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngokucacileyo aze enze utyando ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iintlungu zakho, iingxaki, kunye nexesha lokuchacha.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwetekhnoloji ye-MIS. Ezi ndlela zikhethwa ngokusekwe kuhlobo lotyando kunye nelungu lomzimba elinyangwayo.
1. Utyando lweKeyhole
Le yeyona ndlela idumileyo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, utyando lwenziwa ngokwenza imingxunya emincinci emininzi, kufakwa ikhamera (i-'endoscope') kwenye, kunye nezixhobo zotyando ngezinye.
- Kwiinkqubo zotyando lwesisu, le khamera ibizwa ngokuba yi-laparoscope . Siyibiza loo misebenzi ngokuthi lutyando lwe-laparoscopic .
- I-thoracoscope yikhamera esetyenziswa kwiindlela zotyando ezibandakanya umngxuma wesifuba.
- I- arthroscope isetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kwamalungu afana nedolo negxalaba.
2. Utyando lweRobhothi
Eli lelinye inqanaba eliphambili lobuchwepheshe be-MIS. Apha, endaweni yokulawula ngqo izixhobo ngesandla, ugqirha otyandayo uhlala kwikhonsoli yekhompyutha aze alawule iingalo zerobhothi . Ezi ngalo zerobhothi zifakwa ngokusikwa okuncinci. Le ndlela ivumela utyando oluncinci kakhulu noluncinci oluchanekileyo. Inkqubo yotyando edumileyo ye-'Da Vinci Surgical System' yenye yeenkqubo zerobhothi ezinjalo.
3. Utyando lwe-Endovascular
Le yindlela engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Okwenziwayo apha kukwenza umngxuma omncinci kakhulu ngenaliti, uze ufake ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ngayo uye kwimithambo yegazi. Emva koko, izixhobo ezifunekayo zidluliselwa kuloo tyhubhu, kwaye kwenziwa utyando olufana nokufaka i-stent entliziyweni, olufana ne-"stenting", kunye ne-"angioplasty". Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho mfuneko yokusika apha.
4. Utyando lweNdalo lweOrifice
Ngale ndlela, akukho zisikelo zenziwayo naphi na emzimbeni wakho. Endaweni yoko, kufakwa i-endoscope ngemingxuma yendalo emzimbeni, njengomlomo nempumlo, kwaye kwenziwa utyando olufana nokususa iithumba esiswini nakwi-esophagus.
Zeziphi iindlela zotyando ezixhaphakileyo ezenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela ye-MIS?
Namhlanje, kwenziwa utyando oluninzi kakhulu kusetyenziswa le ndlela ye-MIS. Itheyibhile engasezantsi iya kukunika umbono olungileyo ngayo.
| Uhlobo lotyando | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Isisu (iLaparoscopic) | Ukususwa kwenyongo `(cholecystectomy)`, ukususwa kwe-appendectomy `(appendectomy)`, ukulungiswa kwe-hernia `(ukulungiswa kwe-hernia)`. |
| I-Urological | Ukususwa kwezintso `(ukususwa kwe-nephrectomy)`, ukususwa kwe-prostate `(ukususwa kwe-prostate)`. |
| Umqolo | Ukuhlanganiswa komqolo, ukususwa kweethumba zomqolo. |
| Inxulumene nentliziyo | Ukulungiswa kweevalvu zentliziyo (ukulungiswa kweevalvu zemitral), ukuvala imingxunya entliziyweni (ukulungiswa kwee-atrial septal defect). |
| I-Arthroscopy | Ukulungiswa kokwenzakala egxalabeni, edolweni okanye esinqeni. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba (iBariatric) | Utyando lwesisu kunye nesisu esingena kwi-gastric bypass. |
Ngubani olungele olu tyando? Ngaba wonke umntu angalufumana?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, le ndlela ye-MIS ikhuselekile kunotyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko. Enyanisweni, ngamanye amaxesha nabantu abangakwaziyo ukunyamezela ukusikwa okukhulu okanye abanezinye iingxaki zonyango banokutyandwa besebenzisa le ndlela.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo kuwo wonke umntu. Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba le ndlela ikulungele na emva kokuhlola ngononophelo imeko yakho yempilo.
Umzekelo:
- Le ndlela ayinakusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kufuneka utyando ngokukhawuleza, njengomntu ongeniswe kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) emva kwengozi, kuba ifuna amalungiselelo athile.
- Ngexesha lotyando lwe-laparoscopic, igesi yekhabhoni diokside ifakwa esiswini ukuze incede ekuqondeni amalungu omzimba. Oku kunokuba yingozi kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga .
Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna utyando, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nkqubo uze ucele icebiso kuye.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zolu tyando?
Njengayo nayiphi na into, le ndlela inezibonelelo zayo kunye neengxaki ezithile.
Iingenelo
- Umonakalo (ukwenzakala) emzimbeni uphantsi kakhulu.
- Akukho gazi lininzi kakhulu ngexesha lotyando.
- Umngcipheko weengxaki uphantsi kunaxa utyando luvulekile.
- Ngenxa yokuba amanxeba emancinci kakhulu, amanxeba emva kokuphola mancinci kakhulu okanye awabikho kwaphela.
- Inani leentsuku ozihlala esibhedlele lifutshane. Ungaya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye emva kotyando oluthile.
- Ixesha lokuphiliswa lifutshane kakhulu. Nangona inxeba elikhulu lingathatha iinyanga ukuphola, la manxeba mancinci ayaphola kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
- Ngenxa yokuba iintlungu zincinci, akukho mfuneko ingako yeentlungu.
Iingxaki
- Oku kufuna oogqirha abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo nezibizayo .
- Esi sibonelelo sisenokungafumaneki kuzo zonke izibhedlele .
- Utyando lungathatha ixesha elide kunotyando lwesintu.
- Njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, ayisoloko ifanelekile kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
- Kwabanye abantu (ingakumbi abo banesifo sentliziyo/imiphunga), ukusebenzisa igesi xa kutyandwa kunokubangela iingozi ezithile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando Olungena Ngomdla Kakhulu (i-MIS) yindlela yotyando yanamhlanje esebenzisa imingxunya emincinci, njengemingxunya yezitshixo, endaweni yokusikwa okukhulu.
- Iingenelo eziphambili zezintlungu ezincinci, ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza, ixesha elincinci elichithwa esibhedlele, kunye nokungafumani zinxeba zininzi.
- Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-MIS, ezifana ne-laparoscopy kunye notyando lwerobhothi, zisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.
- Le ndlela ayifanelekanga kubo bonke abaguli okanye kuzo zonke iimeko.
- Ukuba udinga utyando, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba indlela ye-MIS ikulungele na wena kunye neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zayo kwaye wenze isigqibo esicacileyo.
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