Usenokuba uvile ukuba ngoku kukho unyango oluphambili kakhulu nolujolise kakhulu kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza kunye ne-arthritis. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokufunyanwa okumangalisayo kwezonyango okuthatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi konyango oluphambili. Oko kukuthi "ii-Monoclonal Antibodies". Nangona igama lisenokubonakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, ukusebenza kwalo kunokuqondwa ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi Monoclonal Antibodies?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sifunde "ngee -antibodies " emizimbeni yethu. Ii-antibodies ngamajoni akhethekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Xa into engaqhelekanga (esiyibiza ngokuba zii-antigens ) efana nentsholongwane ebangela isifo okanye iseli yomhlaza ingena emizimbeni yethu, ezi antibodies ziyaphuma zize ziqaphele utshaba, zilubambe, zize ziqale ukulutshabalalisa.
Khawucinge nje ukuba besinokudala la majoni anobuchule emizimbeni yethu, kunye namanye amawakawaka, kwilabhoratri? Yiyo loo nto ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal ziyiyo. Ezi zii-antibodies zokwenziwa ezenziwe kwilabhoratri.
Igama elithi "Mono" lithetha "inye." Igama elithi "Clonal" lithetha "i-clone." Oko kukuthi, la ngamawaka eekopi ezichanekileyo ze-antibody enye. Ikopi nganye iyafana. Zenzelwe ukujolisa nokuhlasela i-antigen efanayo. Ukuba ujonga ibhotile yeyeza ugqirha wakho akunika yona, igama lolu hlobo lweyeza liphela ngoonobumba "-mab" (umz. iTrastuzumab, iAdalimumab).
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweMonoclonal kunye nePolyclonal Antibodies?
Lo mahluko ukwakho nakumagama. Igama elithi "Mono" lithetha inye, kwaye elithi "poly" lithetha ezininzi. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unohlobo olunye lotshaba. Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal zisebenza njengokuthumela i-commando eqeqeshwe ngokukodwa enokuhlasela olo tshaba kuphela.
Kwelinye icala, iiPolyclonal Antibodies zifana nomkhosi wamajoni anezakhono ezahlukeneyo, anakho ukuhlasela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentshaba. Ezi zifana nee-antibodies eziveliswa yimizimba yethu ngokwendalo, ezenziwe ngeeseli ezahlukeneyo zee-antibody, kwaye zinokuhlasela iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye zeentshaba (i-antigen).
| Uphawu | Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal | Ii-Antibodies zePolyclonal |
|---|---|---|
| Imveliso | Iiklones ezivela kwiseli enye ye-antibody | Ukusuka kwiiseli ezahlukeneyo ze-antibody |
| Injongo | I-antigen enye kuphela ethile | Ingahlasela iintshaba ezahlukeneyo (ii-antigens) |
| Ukusetyenziswa | Unyango olujoliswe kulo kunye nokuxilongwa okuthile | Ngeempendulo eziqhelekileyo zomzimba kunye nokuxilongwa okuthile |
Zeziphi iimeko ezinyangwa ngale ndlela yonyango?
Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zizixhobo ezimangalisayo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo, ukusuka kwikhithi yovavanyo lokukhulelwa oyisebenzisa ekhaya ukuya kwiintlobo zomhlaza eziyingozi kakhulu.
Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeemeko ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kule ndlela yonyango.
| Udidi lwezifo | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza | Umhlaza webele, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, umhlaza wemiphunga, i-leukemia |
| Iingxaki zokudumba kunye nokuzikhusela komzimba | I-Rheumatoid Arthritis, isifo sikaCrohn, i-Psoriasis, ii-Allergies |
| Iintsholongwane | Usulelo lweentsholongwane olufana ne-COVID-19, intsholongwane ye-RSV |
| Ezinye iimeko | I-Osteoporosis, i-migraines, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ezinye izifo zamehlo, kunye nokuthintela ukungamkeleki kokufakelwa amalungu omzimba |
Lunikwa njani olu nyango?
Amaxesha amaninzi, la mayeza e-monoclonal antibody anikwa njengolwelo oluya emthanjeni (intravenous - IV infusion) . Njengokunika i-saline. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kwiyunithi ekhethekileyo (isikhungo sokufaka) yesibhedlele okanye ikliniki.
Xa unikwa olu nyango okokuqala, abasebenzi bezonyango baya kukulumkela kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha eli yeza linokubangela iimpembelelo ezimbi kakhulu ze-allergy, ungacelwa ukuba ilungu losapho lize nawe okokuqala.
Amanye ama-antibodies e-monoclonal akwafumaneka njenge -subcutaneous injection . Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umongikazi uza kukufundisa indlela yokuzinika i-injection.
Enye yezona nzuzo zinkulu zale ndlela yonyango kukuba inokujolisa kuphela kwiiseli ezigulayo, inciphise umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Oku kufana nokuchonga utshaba olunye kwindawo exineneyo uze ulubambe ngaphandle kokubangela ingxaki kwezinye.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?
Njengakweminye imithi, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngazo zonke ezi zinto aze athathe amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo.
- Iimpendulo zokufakwa kweyeza: Le yeyona mpembelelo ixhaphakileyo. Ithetha impendulo eyenzeka ngexesha okanye emva nje kokuba iyeza linikwe umzimba. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukubila, kunye notshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi zinokulawulwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokufakwa kweyeza ngamaxesha anje ngala.
- Iimpendulo eziqatha ze-allergy: Ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu, kodwa zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Umzekelo , i-anaphylaxis yimpendulo ye-allergy eyenzeka ngequbuliso.
- I-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-'cytokine storm', oku kuxa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ivuseleleka kakhulu ize iqale ukonakalisa amalungu omzimba.
- Eminye imingcipheko: Eminye imingcipheko ixhomekeke kwisifo esinyangwayo. Umzekelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeTumor Lysis Syndrome, enokwenzeka ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza.
Nokuba imeko injani na, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba olu nyango lunikezelwa phantsi kweliso elingqongqo lezonyango. Ke ngoko, ukuba kuvela naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka baziswe ngoko nangoko.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?
Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze iyeza lingene emzimbeni wakho (ixesha lokulifaka) liyahluka. Lingathatha malunga neyure, uze emva koko ugcinwe phantsi kweliso elinye iyure.
Emva konyango, ukuba awudiniwe okanye awukhululekanga, uya kukwazi ukuya emsebenzini njengesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kufuneka kugqitywe ngokuthetha nogqirha wakho, oyazi kakuhle imeko yakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukuba unikwe unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody, lilungelo lakho ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo ngalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zii-antibodies zokwenziwa ezenziwe kwilebhu. Zinceda inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto zijoliswe kuzo, zinokuba nemiphumo emibi embalwa kunezonyango zesintu.
- Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka umhlaza, isifo samathambo, i-migraines, kunye ne-COVID-19.
- Eli yeza lidla ngokunikezelwa njenge-saline emithanjeni. Iimpendulo (iimpendulo ze-infusion) zixhaphakile ngeli xesha, kodwa ukuba ufumana iimpawu eziqatha, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho okanye necandelo likaxakeka (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
- Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
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