Yintoni iMOGAD? Masifunde ngesi sifo esonakalisa amalungu omzimba wethu!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, efana nejoni elisikhusela kwizifo, ngamanye amaxesha ingaphambuka njani ize ihlasele amalungu ethu asempilweni ? Ngelishwa, esi sisifo esibangelwa yingxaki eyenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Nangona oku kunokuvakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, masikwenze kube lula kuba kubalulekile ukukwazi.

Yintoni kanye kanye iMOGAD?

Ngamafutshane, i-MOGAD yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba . Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba yintoni na. Umsebenzi ophambili wenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu kukusikhusela kwizifo ngokulwa neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela ngaphandle. Oku kuncedwa luhlobo oluthile lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ayisebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko baqala ukubona iiseli zethu eziphilileyo kunye nezicubu njengeentshaba baze bazihlasele. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba.

Yiloo nto yenzekayo eMOGAD. Apha, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (CNS) , eyingqondo, intambo yomgogodla, kunye nemithambo-luvo yamehlo ethu. Esi sigqubuthelo sikhuselayo sibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin . Cinga ngaso njengesigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikeleze ucingo lombane. Le myelin ikhusela imicu yemithambo-luvo kwaye inceda imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo ukuba ihambe kakuhle.

Ngoko ke, xa ii-antibodies zifika zize zonakalise le myelin, siyibiza ngokuba yi-demyelination . Njengokuba nje xa isigqubuthelo seplastiki kuloo cingo sonakele, ukukhanya akuvulwa kakuhle, xa i-myelin yonakele, imiyalezo evela engqondweni eya kuwo wonke umzimba ayidluli kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto i-MOGAD ibangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukulahleka kombono okanye umbono ofipheleyo (Optic Neuritis) , ubuthathaka bemisipha (Transverse Myelitis) , kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis - ADEM) . Ukuba ugqirha ukubiza ngala magama, ngoku uya kwazi ukuba athetha ukuthini.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-MOGAD?

Ewe, singabona iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-MOGAD:

1. I-MOGAD Ene-Monophasic: Kule meko, ufumana iimpawu kube kanye kuphela. Oko kukuthi, wakuba ufumene esi sifo waza wanyangwa, iimpawu aziphindi zibonakale.

2. Ukubuyela kwi-MOGAD: Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Iimpawu zinokunyamalala okwethutyana (sikubiza oku ngokuba yi-remission) , kodwa ziphinde zibuye. Kubonakala ngathi yimeko engapheliyo.

Ingaba iMOGAD sisifo esingaqhelekanga?

Ithetha ukuthini iMOGAD ngokwenene?Isifo esingaqhelekanga esisusa imyelin . Kodwa njengoko ulwazi ngesi sifo lusanda, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba inani lamatyala lisenokunyuka kwixesha elizayo. Ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwangoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nomntu omnye ukuya kwabathathu kwisigidi sabantu banesifo minyaka le. Oko kuthetha ukuba asisisifo esiqhelekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-MOGAD?

Iimpawu ze-MOGAD zinokuchaphazela iindawo ezininzi zomzimba wakho. Ezona ziphambili ngamehlo, umqolo (intambo yemithambo-luvo engaphakathi komqolo), kunye nengqondo.

Iimpawu ezichaphazela amehlo (i-Optic Neuritis)

Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-Optic Neuritis . Ingachaphazela iliso elinye okanye omabini.

• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Umbono ophindwe kabini
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okuncinci okanye okupheleleyo
• Intlungu yamehlo , ingakumbi xa ushukumisa amehlo
• Ukulahleka kombono wombala

Khawucinge nje, ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona kwelinye iliso, okanye yonke into ifiphala. Yiloo ndlela amava anokuba yiyo.

Iimpawu ezichaphazela umqolo (i-Transverse Myelitis)

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-transverse myelitis . Oku kukudumba komqolo.

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha , mhlawumbi nokungakwazi ukuhamba
• Ukungabi nangqondo okanye ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba
• Ukulahlekelwa kulawulo lwamathumbu okanye isinyi (umz., ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu)
• Ubunzima bokukhupha umchamo ngokupheleleyo
• Ukuqina kwemisipha okanye ukuxhuzula (ukuxinana)
• Intlungu ebukhali nehlabayo okanye ukurhawuzelela entanyeni, emqolo, okanye esiswini .

Oku kufana nomonakalo kwintambo ephambili ethwala imiyalezo emzimbeni wethu.

Iimpawu ezichaphazela ingqondo (i-ADEM)

Sibiza iimpawu ezichaphazela ubuchopho ngokuba yi-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) .

• Ukudideka , ukuziva ngathi ingqondo yakho iyazulazula
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi kunye nokulungelelana , kunokushukuma njengomntu onxilileyo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha , njengokucaphuka okanye ukucaphuka
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (Ukuxhuzula) , oko kukuthi, ukuxhuzula.

Iimpawu ze-MOGAD zisenokuphinda zibuye. Oko kukuthi, kunokubakho amaxesha okungabikho zimpawu, emva koko iimpawu ziphinde zibuye ngequbuliso (ukuphinda zibuye).

Ngaba iimpawu ze-MOGAD zahlukile kubantu abadala nakubantwana?

Ewe, indlela iimpawu ezibonakala ngayo inokutshintsha kancinci xa ukhula.

Ngokwesiqhelo, xa abantwana bekhula benesifo se-MOGAD, sichaphazela kakhulu ingqondo (imeko ye-ADEM). Emva koko iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ezinje ngokudideka kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi, zihlala zibonakala. Ngamanye amaxesha, iingxaki zokubona (i-Optic Neuritis) nazo zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye.

Xa abantu abadala befumana i-MOGAD, idla ngokujolisa kwi-spinal cord (Transverse Myelitis) kunye namehlo (Optic Neuritis). Ke ngoko, bahlala befumana iimpawu ezifana nobuthathaka, ukuba ndindisholo, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle.

Yintoni eyabangela ukwakheka kwe-MOGAD?

Inyaniso kukuba, unobangela ochanekileyo we-MOGAD awukafunyanwa . Okwangoku kukholelwa ukuba esi asisosifo esizuzwa njengelifa okanye isifo esibangelwa yimfuza. Kukwakho nophando malunga nokuba siqala ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, njengasemva kokosuleleka yintsholongwane. Kodwa akukaqinisekwa ukuba esi sisizathu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-MOGAD?

Ukonakala kweso sigqubuthelo sokukhusela esibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin kunokuba nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwindlela imizimba yethu esebenza ngayo. Ezinye zeengxaki ezithi ngamanye amaxesha zibekho ziquka:

• Ukuba yimfama ngokupheleleyo
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wesinyi okanye wamathumbu ngokusisigxina
• Ukukhubazeka komzimba
• Intlungu engapheliyo
• Ukudinwa okungapheliyo , ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo , oku kuthetha ubunzima bokufunda, ukukhumbula, nokucinga.

Ukuhlala ne-MOGAD wedwa kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuzilawula. Xa kuvela iimpawu, zinokukususa kwizinto ozithandayo ukuzenza kwaye zikwenze uzive ungenakunceda. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi abane-MOGAD nabo banengxaki yempilo yengqondo efana nokudakumba. Ngoko ke, ukuba uziva ngolu hlobo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.

Isifo seMOGAD sifunyanwa njani?

Ugqirha uza kuxilonga i-MOGAD ngokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba , uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo , kunye nolunye uvavanyo olukhethekileyo . Ngexesha lovavanyo, uza kubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango.

Uvavanyo olunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho isifo se-MOGAD luquka:

• Jonga ukuba inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini linyukile na (oku kwenzeka xa kukho ukudumba).
• Nokuba kukho naziphi na izilonda engqondweni okanye emgogodleni (ezi zinokujongwa nge-MRI scans).
• Iibhendi ze-oligoclonalEzi aziqhelekanga ukubonwa kwi-MOGAD, kodwa zibonwa nakwezinye izifo (umz., i-multiple sclerosis). Oku kunokunceda ukwahlula ezi zifo zimbini.

Ezinye iimvavanyo eziluncedo ekuxilongeni i-MOGAD zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ii-antibodies ngokukodwa nxamnye neproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-MOG (ii-MOG-IgG antibodies).
• Uvavanyo lokubona: Jonga ukudumba komthambo wokubona.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Oku kuquka ukuthatha ulwelo oluncinci lwe-cerebrospinal oluvela emgogodleni uze uluvavanye. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"spinal tap".
• Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kunye nomqolo kwaye kukhangele izilonda kwi-myelin.

I-MOGAD ngamanye amaxesha inokuba nzima ukuyixilonga, njengoko iimpawu zayo zinokufana nezezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo, ezifana ne -multiple sclerosis (MS) . Ke ngoko, kungathatha ixesha kunye novavanyo oluninzi ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

I-MOGAD idla ngokufunyaniswa ineminyaka emingaphi ubudala?

Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa lune-MOGAD xa lukwiminyaka yamashumi amabini okanye amathathu . Nangona kunjalo, le meko inokuchaphazela nabani na nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi. Abantwana badla ngokufunyaniswa bengekafiki kwiminyaka eli-11 .

Ngaba iMOGAD inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwe-MOGAD okwangoku . Oko kukuthi, akukho nyango lunokususa ngokupheleleyo esi sifo emzimbeni. Kodwa, ungoyiki! Kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kwazo, kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi ulungile.

Iphathwa njani i-MOGAD?

Xa iimpawu ze-MOGAD zisiba mandundu ngequbuliso (uhlaselo olukhawulezileyo), kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo:

• Ii-steroids, ezifana ne-methylprednisolone: ​​​​Ezi zinikwa ngemithambo kangangeentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba ngokukhawuleza nokulawula iimpawu.
• Ukutshintshwa kweplasma: Olu lunyango oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Kule meko, umatshini ususa inxalenye yolwelo egazini lakho ebizwa ngokuba yiplasma, uyahlule kwiiseli zegazi, uze ufake olunye ulwelo olutshintshayo, kunye neeseli zegazi lakho, emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunceda ukususa ii-antibodies eziyingozi.
• I-Immunoglobulin Efakwa Emthanjeni (IVIG):Oku kuquka ukutshintsha ii-antibodies ezisegazini lakho ngee-antibodies eziphilileyo ezivela kubanikeli ngomthambo. Oku kunokulawula nokusebenza kwezo antibodies zingasebenzi kakuhle.
• Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba: La mayeza anikwa njengeepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo. Anciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye anceda ekuthinteleni umonakalo ongakumbi.

Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa njengonyango lwexesha elide ukuthintela ukuphinda kweempawu ze-MOGAD:

• Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba (ezinye iintlobo ekufuneka zisetyenziswe)
• I-Mycophenolate mofetil
• I-Rituximab
• I-Azathioprine
• Ukufakwa kwe-IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) okanye i-subcutaneous immunoglobulin injections

Zonke ezi ndlela zonyango zinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela zonke ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho into entsha oyibonayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba isifo sibangela iingxaki, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela impilo yakho esiqhelweni . Umzekelo, ukuba umonakalo we-myelin uchaphazele umbono wakho okanye ukuhamba kwakho, ezi nkqubo zokubuyisela impilo yakho zinokukunceda ufunde ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuhamba wedwa.

Ithini ingqikelelo yesifo se-MOGAD?

Ingqikelelo ye-MOGAD isaphandwa. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezigulane lunembono entle . Abanye abantu banokufumana utshintsho oluhlala luhleli embonweni. Kwakhona, ezinye iindlela zonyango (ezifana nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba) zinokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nosulelo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye uhlolwe rhoqo.

Ngaba i-MOGAD ichaphazela ubomi?

I-MOGAD ayichaphazeli ngqo ubomi bakho . Zininzi nezinye izinto ezichaphazela ubomi bomntu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ungafumana ulwazi lwamva nje malunga noku kugqirha wakho.

Ngaba i-MOGAD ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela i-MOGAD . Oku kusaphandwa. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ukuze ufunde ngonyango olutsha kunye neendlela zokuthintela.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba iimpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso.
• Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo.
• Ukuba uneengxaki ngokukwazi kwakho ukuhamba nokuhambahamba.
• Ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu emva konyango.
• Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kunyango.

Uyayazi kakuhle imizimba yakho. Ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuxhuzula) okokuqala, fowunela igumbi longxamiseko ngoko nangoko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho xa ufunyaniswa ukuba une-MOGAD.

• "Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo kum?"
• "Ngaba ndifuna unyango lwexesha elide?"
• "Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?"
• "Ndingenza ntoni ukuba iimpawu zam ziya zisiba mbi ngequbuliso?"

Musa ukoyika ukubuza le mibuzo. Emva kokuxilongwa yi-MOGAD, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxinezelekile ziingcinga ezinje, "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?" kunye "Iimpawu ziya kubuya nini?" Xa uphila kwimeko apho unobangela ungaziwa, loo ngxaki inokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho yengqondo. Nangona izinto ezininzi zingaqinisekanga, khumbula ukuba iqela lakho lezonyango likhona ukuze linciphise uloyiko lwakho kwaye liphendule imibuzo yakho. Banokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho xa zisenzeka kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuqhambuka kwixesha elizayo.

Oko sifuna ukukuthatha kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

I-MOGAD sisifo esintsonkothileyo nesingaqhelekanga. Kodwa kubalulekile ukusazi nokusiqonda iimpawu zaso. Khumbula, esi ayisosifo esibangelwa nguwe.

• Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekuboneni kwakho, ubuthathaka, okanye ukuba ndindisholo , bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ngokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo nangonyango, iimpawu ze-MOGAD zinokulawulwa kakuhle.
• Nangona kungekho nyango, zikho iindlela zokugcina ubomi busemgangathweni xa unesifo.
• Ukuba uziva uphantsi okanye udandathekile, thetha nogqirha okanye umntu omthembayo ngaloo nto. Awuwedwa.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukuncedile ukuba uqonde iMOGAD. Hlala usempilweni!

I- MOGAD, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, i-myelin, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, i-optic neuritis, i-transverse myelitis, i-ADEM