Ngaba unayo 'ibhulorho' efana nale entliziyweni yakho? (Ibhulorho yeMyocardial) Masifunde ngayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ebomini bethu, into engalindelekanga iyenzeka, akunjalo? Ingakumbi xa kufikwa kwimpilo yethu yomzimba, kukho ezinye iimeko zonyango esingazange sizive nokuziva. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siziqaphele. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esinokuchaphazela abanye abantu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi (Myocardial Bridge). Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama, kodwa siza kuthetha ngalo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le bhulorho yentliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, intliziyo yakho inemithambo yegazi enika igazi, esiyibiza ngokuba yimithambo yentliziyo . Le mithambo idla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwemisipha yentliziyo. Oko kukuthi, ihamba phezu komphezulu wentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko ibizwa ngokuba yi (Myocardial Bridge), okwenzekayo kukuba endaweni yokuya phezu kwemisipha yentliziyo, inxalenye yale mithambo yentliziyo entliziyweni yakho iya phantsi kwemisipha. Kufana nomngxuma omncinci, okanye njengokuya phantsi kwebhulorho. Yiloo nto oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yingcezu yemisipha yentliziyo ehleli phezu kwemithambo yegazi (Myocardial Bridge).

Khawucinge nje, ngamanye amaxesha, xa intliziyo ibetha, oko kukuthi, xa izihlunu zentliziyo zifinyela, ibhulorho yezihlunu engasentla inokucinezela umthambo wegazi ongezantsi. Kufana nokuba umntu unyathela umbhobho wamanzi, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyehla. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uwucinezela ngolo hlobo? Loo xinzelelo lunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Emva koko izihlunu zentliziyo zisenokungafumani igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi eliwufunayo.

Uyazi, imithambo yentliziyo yimigudu eyenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Izihlunu zethu zentliziyo, njengawo onke amanye amalungu omzimba wethu, zifuna ioksijini. Le oksijini iziswa kuthi yiyo loo mithambo yentliziyo. Ngoko ke ukuba olu hambo lwegazi luthintelekile, iingxaki zinokuvela.

Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko (iMyocardial Bridge) ibonakala kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo, umthambo ophambili ohlayo (iLeft Anterior Descending Artery) , okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza njalo (iLAD) . Lo ngumthambo omkhulu ohambisa igazi eludongeni olungaphambili lwentliziyo nakwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na imithambo ezisa igazi entliziyweni, ngomlinganiselo omkhulu okanye omncinci.

Ingaba le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi (Myocardial Bridge) iyingozi? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba ne-myocardial bridge akubangeli monakalo mkhulu. Uninzi lwabantu luphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo bengazi nokuba banayo kwaye bengenazo iimpawu. Yiyo loo nto iyinyani.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo azifumani oksijini, unokufumana iintlungu zesifuba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-angina . Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa intliziyo yakho iqala ukubetha ngokukhawuleza, njengaxa uzilolonga.

Xa bebuzwa ukuba le meko ixhaphake kangakanani, abaphandi bathi i-myocardial bridge yimeko eqhelekileyo kodwa engaxilongwanga ngokwaneleyo kunokuba unokucinga. Oku kungenxa yokuba ipesenti iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo yokuyifumanisa. Ngokwezinye izifundo, phakathi kwe-16% kunye ne-30% yabantu abafunyaniswa benesi sifo ngovavanyo olufana ne-angiograms, bathi esi sifo sinokubakho kubantu abaninzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba inani elikhulu labantu linokuba naso kunokuba unokucinga.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Abantu abaninzi abane-myocardial bridge ababonisi zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekhula okanye befumana ezinye iimeko zempilo (ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo seswekile), abanye abantu banokuba neempawu. Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha iminyaka ukuba iimpawu zibonakale.

Uphawu oluphambili ziintlungu zesifuba ((Angina)) . Oku kudla ngokuvakala:

• Xa uzilolonga, ubaleka, okanye unyuka izinyuko
• Xa uziva uxinezelekile kakhulu, uxhalabile, okanye ulusizi
• Ngamanye amaxesha inokubakho emva kwesidlo esikhulu.

Indlela echazwa ngayo le ntlungu iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye banokuziva ngathi iyacinezelwa, iyacinezelwa, okanye iyasindwa.

Ezinye iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana nezo zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ngoko ke kufuneka uqaphele ezi:

• Ukuphefumla nzima : Ukuziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla nokuba ukhe wazama kancinci.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo : Isifuba sinokuvakala ngathi siyabetha okanye siyabetha.
• Ukudinwa : Usenokuziva unesizungu, mhlawumbi ude uphelelwe ngamandla.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba uneempawu ezibonisa ukuba unesifo sentliziyo (iintlungu zesifuba eziqatha, iintlungu eziphuma engalweni yakho, ukubila, ukuhlanza), kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko. Musa ukulibazisa.

Kutheni le nto (iMyocardial Bridge) yenzeka?

Lo ngumbuzo onempendulo elula kakhulu. I-Myocardial Bridge yimeko yokuzalwa . Oko kuthetha ukuba yinto ozalwa nayo . Xa intliziyo ikhula kwi-embryo, loo mthambo wegazi wenziwa ngendlela eya kwimisipha. Akukho sizathu sicacileyo saloo nto, iyenzeka nje.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Enyanisweni, iingxaki ezinkulu ezivela kwi-myocardial bridge azixhaphakanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi xa zidityaniswe nezinye iimeko zonyango, ezi zinto zinokwenzeka. Akufuneki uzoyike ezi, kodwa ziqaphele:

• I-Myocardial Ischemia: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, xa umthambo wegazi uvalekile, izihlunu zentliziyo zisenokungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Kulapho kuvela khona izinto ezifana neentlungu zesifuba.
• I-Coronary Vasospasm: Ngamanye amaxesha le mithambo inokuthi ivaleke ngequbuliso nangokunzima, nto leyo enokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Ukwakheka kweplaque ye-atherosclerosis kufutshane nebhulorho ye-myocardial: Kufunyenwe ukuba iplaque iqokelelana eludongeni lomthambo wegazi kufutshane nebhulorho, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umthambo ube mxinwa. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba indlela igazi elihamba ngayo kwibhulorho iyatshintsha.
• I-Acute Coronary Syndrome: Oku kungaba sisifo sentliziyo okanye i-angina engazinzile.
• Ii-Ventricular Arrhythmias: Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga kunokwenzeka okuqala kumagumbi asezantsi entliziyo.
• Isifo sentliziyo esaphukileyo: Olu bubuthathaka bentliziyo obunokwenzeka emva koxinzelelo olukhulu.
• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Nangona kungaqhelekanga, uhlaselo lwentliziyo lunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kuvaliwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukufa Ngesiquphe Kwentliziyo: Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Khumbula ukuba ezi ngxaki azixhaphakanga kakhulu .

Oogqirha bayibona njani into yokuba ikhona le (Myocardial Bridge)?

Ingafunyanwa ngengozi xa ubona ugqirha kuba uneempawu, okanye ngexesha lovavanyo ngesinye isizathu. Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba une-myocardial bridge, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• I-Coronary angiogram: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci ngomthambo osengalweni okanye emlenzeni wakho ize ikhokelwe kwimithambo yentliziyo yakho. Emva koko kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kuyo kwaye kuthathwa imifanekiso ye-X-ray. Oku kuvumela ukuba ukucutheka komthambo kubonakale ngokucacileyo.
• I-Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS): Kule nto, ngaxeshanye ne-angiogram, isixhobo esincinci se-ultrasound sidluliselwa kwi-artery ukuze sibone ukuba iindonga zangaphakathi ze-artery kunye nebhulorho zicinezelwa kangakanani.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Njenge-IVUS, le yenye indlela ephucukileyo esebenzisa ukukhanya ukubona ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• I-Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogram (CT Angiogram): Le yi-CT scan. Oku kusebenzisa idayi ukwenza imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi esentliziyweni enamacala amathathu. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho ibhulorho yentliziyo kunye nokuba inde kangakanani kwaye inzulu kangakanani.

Ngaba kukho unyango loku? Uyenza njani loo nto?

Ewe, kukho unyango lwabo baneempawu. Asinguye wonke umntu ofuna utyando. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ndlela zonyango:

• Amayeza: Amayeza adla ngokuba lukhetho lokuqala. La aquka (ii-Beta-blockers) kunye (ii-Calcium Channel Blockers).Basebenzisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-"okari". La mayeza alawula isantya sentliziyo kancinci, andise ixesha umthambo ophumlayo phakathi kokubetha kwentliziyo, kwaye anciphise uxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi. Kwabanye abantu, iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi- (Ivabradine) nalo linikwa njengendlela eyahlukileyo.
• Utyando: Kwabo baneempawu ezinzima ezingenakulawuleka ngamayeza, okanye ukuba ibhuloho linzulu kakhulu kwaye lide, utyando lunokucetyiswa.
• Enye indlela ibizwa ngokuba yi (Surgical Myotomy) . Oko kukuthi, ukusika nokususa ibhulorho yezihlunu phezu komthambo wegazi (ukuvula uphahla). Kodwa oku kwenziwa kuphela ukuba ibhulorho imfutshane kwaye ayinzulu kangako.
• Enye indlela ibizwa ngokuba yiCoronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) . Oku kuquka ukudlula indawo evalekileyo nokusebenzisa isiqwenga segazi esithathwe kwenye indawo yomzimba (ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka emlenzeni okanye ngaphakathi esifubeni) ukwenza enye indlela yokuhamba kwegazi. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ukuba ibhulorho inde kwaye inzulu.
• Ukubekwa kwe-stent: Enye indlela kukubeka i-stent. I-stent yityhubhu encinci yesinyithi ebonakala ngathi yi-mesh. Ifakwa ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kwaye ivuthe ngaphakathi. Emva koko, nokuba umsipha uvalekile, i-stent igcina umthambo uvulekile, ivumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga nokubeka i-stent kule meko. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-stent inokuqhekeka okanye ivaleke kwakhona, ngoko oogqirha benza ezi zigqibo ngononophelo olukhulu.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndine-myocardial bridge?

Njengabantu abaninzi, usenokuba une-myocardial bridge kodwa ungabi nazimpawu. Abantu abanjalo abadingi naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Ukuba kukho iimpawu, zihlala zilawulwa ngamayeza.

Ukuba iimpawu aziphucuki ngamayeza, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe utyando (i-myotomy okanye i-bypass) okanye ukufakwa kwe-stent. Ukuba i-myocardial bridge isuswa ngotyando, kububulumko ukukhetha isibhedlele esinoogqirha abanamava abenza olu tyando rhoqo.

Le (Myocardial Bridge) ayisiyonto eza kuziphilisa ngokwayo ngaphandle kokususwa ngotyando. Kodwa uninzi lwabantu aludingi utyando.

Abantu abaphila nale meko bajamelana njani nayo?

Abantu abaninzi abaneMyocardial Bridge baphila ixesha elide kwaye banempilo engcono ixesha elide.

Amanqanaba okusinda axhomekeke ekubeni unezinye izifo na. Kolunye uphando, malunga nama-90% abantu abane-myocardial infarction babesaphila emva kweminyaka eli-10 bexilongiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba babenezinye izifo zentliziyo, ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi (CAD), amazinga okusinda ayephantsi kancinci.

Ndingayinyamekela njani impilo yam?

Ngenxa yokuba ukuba ne-myocardial bridge kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwandisa kancinci umngcipheko wokufakwa kwamafutha kwimithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis), ugqirha wakho usenokukucebisa ukuba ulawule ezinye izinto ezinokubangela loo nto. Oku kubalulekile nokuba uneempawu okanye awunazo.

• Kuphephe Ukutshaya: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni i-atherosclerosis kukuphepha ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zecuba. Ukuba utshaya, cela uncedo kugqirha wakho ukuze uyeke.
• Lawula ezinye izinto ezinobungozi: Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, okanye amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol, zilawule kakuhle.
• Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, iswekile, netyuwa encinci, kwaye utye iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi izithambo ezifanelekileyo kuwe, kwaye uzenze rhoqo.
• Sela amayeza akho owanikwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo: Ukuba sele unesifo semithambo yegazi (CAD), kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza akho okulwa neeplatelet (izinto ezinciphisa igazi) kunye namayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol) ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amadinga akho okulandela nogqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka akubone rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthatha amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nokuba iimpawu zakho zinjani. Kubalulekile nokuya kumadinga okulandela emva kotyando okanye ukufakwa kwe-stent.

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba uneempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo (ezifana neentlungu zesifuba ezinzima, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukubila), fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba une-myocardial bridge, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndilandelelwe?
• Ngaba ndifuna amayeza okanye ndifuna utyando?
• Kutheni undicebisa olu khetho lonyango? Zithini iingenelo kum? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki?
• Zeziphi iinguqu ekufuneka ndizenze kwindlela enditya ngayo nendlela endiphila ngayo?
• Ndingakwazi ukuzilolonga? Luhlobo luni lomthambo olulungileyo?

Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko nokukhathazeka kancinci xa usiva ukuba kukho into engalunganga entliziyweni yakho. Kodwa khumbula, kubantu abaninzi, i-myocardial bridge ayisiyonto yokuxhalaba. Ukuba uneempawu, thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akuchazele unyango olulungele wena.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo (iMyocardial Bridge). Ngamafutshane:

• I-Myocardial bridge yimeko yokuzalwa apho umthambo wentliziyo udlula khona kwimisipha.
• Kubantu abaninzi, oku akubangeli zimpawu kwaye akukho monakalo.
• Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba (i-angina), ingakumbi xa bediniwe.
• Iimpawu zihlala zilawulwa ngamayeza. Amaxesha amaninzi, utyando okanye ukutshiza nge-stent kungafuneka.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga) kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko we-atherosclerosis.
• Ukuba ufumana iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni okanye iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kubalulekile ukunyamekela intliziyo yakho. Ukuzazi ezi meko kuya kukunceda ufune unyango kwangethuba ukuba kuyimfuneko kwaye kukuncede uphile ubomi obusempilweni.

Ibhuloho yentliziyo , isifo sentliziyo, i-angina, umthambo wentliziyo, utyando lwentliziyo, i-stent, impilo yentliziyo