Masifunde ngamandla okuzikhusela amangalisayo emzimbeni wakho: Ukuzikhusela Kwemvelo!

Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi awuchaphazeleki lula zizifo ezithile emva kokuba uphilile iintsuku ezimbalwa? Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba uphinda ugule, uya kuphila ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungabi kubi njengangaphambili. Isizathu esiphambili soku sibizwa ngokuba yiNatural Immunity . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha nje ngokuba yintoni le nto kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo emizimbeni yethu.

Yintoni i-Natural Immunity? Kalula nje...

Ngamafutshane, ukuzikhusela kwendalo kukuzikhusela komzimba wethu kwisifo emva kokuba siphilile kuso. Khawuthelekelele, xa ugula, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ivuka ngequbuliso . Into eyenzayo kukulwa nzima ukuze isuse uhlaseli - nokuba yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane - engene emzimbeni wakho.

Kulo mlo, imizimba yethu yenza iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi antibodies zifana namajoni amancinci afuna umhlaseli aze ayitshabalalise. Xa ii-antibodies zilawula usulelo ngale ndlela, uyaphila. Kodwa ibali alipheli apho.

Emva kokuba uphilile, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, iiseli ezincinci zenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba – ezibizwa ngokuba zii-memory cells – ziyakhumbula olo sulelo lwangaphambili. Kungenxa yokuba, xa zilwa nolo sulelo, zifunda ukuqaphela uphawu olukhethekileyo lomhlaseli, olubizwa ngokuba yi-antigen .

Ezi seli zememori ziyaqhubeka ziphila emva kokuba usulelo luphelile. Umsebenzi wazo kuphela kukujikeleza indawo ukuze zibone ukuba i-antigen evela kumhlaseli wangaphambili iyabuya na. Ukuba umhlaseli uyabuya, ezi seli zememori ziya kusebenza ngokukhawuleza, zilumkise ezinye iiseli zomzimba, kwaye ziwususe ngokukhawuleza - ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kokuba wena ungazi.

Khawucinge ngokhula olubi olukhula emyezweni wakho. Emva kokuba ulususile, uyakhumbula ukuma kwalo. Ukuba ukhula lukhula kwakhona kwenye indawo, ungalubona ngokukhawuleza uze ulususe ngaphambi kokuba lonakalise ezinye izityalo. Kunjalo ke ngale nto.

Ezi seli zememori ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuzikhusela kwendalo. Kodwa, ukuze umzimba wakho wenze ezi seli zememori, kufuneka kuqala udibane nomhlaseli. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuzikhusela kwendalo kuvela kuphela emva kokuba ugula waza waphila.

Ukuze siqonde indima edlalwa lolu khuselo lwendalo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, kulungile ukwazi okuncinci malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhuselo lwemizimba.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokuzikhusela komzimba!

Ezi zifana neendlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu.

1. Ukuzikhusela Kwindalo: Lo ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela umzimba wethu xa umhlaseli ezama ukungena.Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nolusu lwethu, ii-mucus membranes ezimpumlweni nasemqaleni wethu, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeeseli (umzekelo, iiseli zokubulala zendalo). Ezi seli ziyabaqonda abahlaseli kwaye zibahlasele ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ezi seli azikhumbuli umhlaseli xa umlo uphelile. Zihlasela zonke izihlaseli ngendlela efanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokulawula usulelo ngokwalo. Ukuba akusebenzi, ezi seli zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezizalwa nazo zicela uncedo - oko kukuthi, kwiiseli zokuzikhusela ezizilungelelanisayo.

2. Ukungazinzi okuZiqhelanisayo: Lo ngumgca wokuzikhusela oqaphela, ujolise, ukhumbule, kwaye uhlasele abahlaseli abathile. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo - ezifana neeseli ze-T kunye neeseli ze-B - zisebenza kunye ukuqaphela nokutshabalalisa ii-antigens ezingezizo ezethu. Iiseli zememori ngokukodwa ziingongoma apha , kuba ziye zasinda kwiintsholongwane zangaphambili kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiintsholongwane ezilandelayo.

Xa uninzi lwabantu luthetha "ngokuzikhusela komzimba," bathetha ngohlobo oluthile lokuzikhusela komzimba oluhambelanayo. Inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ngokwemvelo yenza iiproteni ezithile kunye nee-antibodies ezijolise kubahlaseli abathile kwaye "zikhumbule" abo bahlaseli. Le nkqubo ilungiselela umzimba wakho ukuba uqaphele kwaye ulwe nabo bahlaseli kwixesha elizayo.

Ngoko ke yintoni le Natural Active Immunity?

Ukuzikhusela komzimba okusebenzayo kwendalo lukhuseleko olufumana kwi-antibodies ezenziwa yinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba xa usabela kwisifo. Oku kwahlukile kancinci kwi- active immunity ebangelwa yi-vaccine-induced , olukhuseleko oluvela kwinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba xa usabela kwizinto (ezifana neentsholongwane okanye amasuntswana eebhaktheriya) kwezinye izitofu.

Yintoni i-Natural Passive Immunity?

Ukuzikhusela komzimba okungokwemvelo lukhuselo olufunyanwa ngumntwana kubazali bakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngokuncancisa. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhulelwe, udlulisela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibodies kumntwana wakho nge-placenta. Emva kokuba umntwana wakho ezelwe, ukuba uncancisa, udlulisela ezinye iintlobo zee-antibodies kumntwana wakho ngobisi lwakho. Olu dluliselo lwee-antibodies lukhusela umntwana wakho kwiintsholongwane eziyingozi de inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba yomntwana wakho ilungele ukwenza ezi antibodies.

Ukuzikhusela komzimba okungenziwanga (passive immunity) nako kungafunyanwa ngendlela yokwenziwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-antibodies zinikwa njengesitofu sokugonya imeko yezonyango. Umzekelo, ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal kunye nee-antibodies ze-polyclonal zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zezonyango. Kwezi meko, izazinzulu zenza ezi antibodies kwilebhu okanye zifumane kwizilwanyana.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-immunity yendalo?

Ubude bexesha okhuselwe ngalo kwisifo esithile esosulelayo buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo kunye nempilo yakho iyonke, ingakumbi ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.

Ngamanye amaxesha, usulelo olunye olunesifo lubonelela ngokhuseleko lwendalo ubomi bonke. Imizekelo yezifo ezinjalo "ezivele zadlula" yimasisi kunye nehepatitis A.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukhuselo lwendalo oludalwa ngumzimba wakho lukukhusela ixesha elithile. Yiyo loo nto unokufumana ezinye izifo - ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, i-COVID-19, kunye nomkhuhlane - amaxesha amaninzi ebomini bakho. Ukhuselo lwakho lwendalo luxhomekeke kuphela kuhlobo oluthile lwentsholongwane. Kodwa iintsholongwane zihlala zitshintsha (zitshintsha) ukuze ziphephe ukhuselo lwethu.

Ukuzikhusela kwendalo kunye nokugonywa - yintoni umahluko?

Zombini iindlela zokugonya ezingokwemvelo kunye nezo zibangelwa kukugonywa ziindlela zokugonya ezisebenzayo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba yenza ii-antibodies kunye nee-T-cells. Nangona kunjalo, zenza ezi zinto ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ukuba iiseli zakho zokuzikhusela komzimba zisebenze.

• Ziintsholongwane ezivela kwintsholongwane ezibangela ukuba umzimba wakho wakhe amandla okuzikhusela emzimbeni.
• Izinto ezikwiigonyo – iintsholongwane ezibuthathaka, iiproteni, okanye i-mRNA – zezona zinto zidala ukhuselo olubonelelwa yigonyo.

Xa inani elikhulu labantu ligonyelwa isifo esithile esisulelayo ngokwendalo, sinokufikelela kwinto abaphandi abayibiza ngokuba yi-held immunity . Oku kuthetha ukuba usulelo luyayeka ukusasazeka kuba abantu abaninzi abakhuselekanga kweso sifo. Ukugonyelwa yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokufumana ukhuselo lomhlambi.

Ndingawuqinisa njani umzimba wam ngokwendalo?

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye uncede asebenze kakuhle. Ukusuka ekulale ngokwaneleyo ukuya ekutyeni ukutya okutyebileyo kwizakhamzimba ezikhuthaza amasosha omzimba, unokunceda amasosha omzimba wakho azikhusele kwiintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinokukwenza ugule. (Siza kuthetha ngale nto kwinqaku elahlukileyo!)

Masifunde ngokuzikhusela kwendalo kwi-COVID-19

Ukuzikhusela kwendalo kwi-COVID-19 lukhuselo umzimba wakho owakhayo kwiintsholongwane ezizayo emva kokuba uphilile kwintsholongwane ye-COVID-19. Olu gciwane luqeqesha amajoni akho omzimba ukuba aqaphele kwaye atshabalalise intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 ukuba iphinda ingene emzimbeni wakho.

Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zezifo ezisulelayo zigxininisa ukuba akufanele uthembele kuphela kumzimba okhuselayo ukuze uzikhusele wena nosapho lwakho.Endaweni yoko, fumana ugonyo lwe-COVID-19 njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisile. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• I-COVID-19 lusulelo olungenakucingeleka. Awunakwazi ukuxelela rhoqo indlela intsholongwane eza kuyichaphazela ngayo umzimba wakho, ukuba uza kugula kangakanani, okanye zeziphi iziphumo zexesha elide, ezifana ne -COVID ende, eziya kwenzeka. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba usulelo lwe-COVID-19 lunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise ii-autoantibodies . Ezi zii-antibodies ezihlasela iiseli zakho eziphilileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezizikhuselayo .
• Kwelinye icala, ukugonywa kukunika ukhuseleko oluqikelelweyo, olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo. Naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezexeshana kwaye azibangeli monakalo wexesha elide. Uphando alubonisanga unxibelelwano phakathi kokugonywa kunye nophuhliso lwee-autoantibodies.

• Ukuzikhusela kwendalo kwi-COVID-19 kuyatshintsha njengoko intsholongwane itshintsha. Xa intsholongwane itshintsha, idala uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto ukukhuselwa kwendalo kwi-COVID olunye uhlobo kungenakuqinisekiswa ukuba kuya kukhusela kuzo zonke ezinye iintlobo.
• Uphando lubonise ukuba iintlobo zangaphambili – ukuya kuthi ga kwi -Delta – zinike abantu amandla okuzikhusela endalo aqinileyo, ahlala ixesha elide kangangeenyanga emva kokosuleleka. Usafumana amandla okuzikhusela endalo kwi -Omicron kunye neendidi zayo, kodwa isenokungabi namandla okanye ihlale ixesha elide. Kungenxa yokuba ezi ntlobo zintsha “zinomphumo ophezulu wokuphuncuka emzimbeni.” Oko kuthetha ukuba zikrelekrele kakhulu, kwaye zinokudlula ngokulula kukhuseleko lwendalo lomzimba wakho. Iigonyo zihlaziywa minyaka le ukuze kuliwe nohlobo lweCovid olukhoyo.

Ngoko ke, endaweni yokuthembela kuphela kukhuselo lwendalo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana ugonyo lwe-COVID-19. Ugonyo lunika umzimba wakho ukhuselo oluqinileyo nolusebenzayo, ngaphandle komngcipheko wokugula kakhulu, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, okanye ukufa okunokubangelwa lusulelo lokwenyani. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba ufumane ugonyo nokuba ukhe waba ne-COVID-19.

Kuhlala ixesha elingakanani ukungakhuseleki kwendalo kwi-Covid-19?

Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Uninzi lwabantu lukhuselekile ekosulelekeni kwakhona kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa olu khuselo lwendalo luyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, umzimba wakho usenokungakwazi ukuvelisa ukhuselo lwendalo olusebenzayo emva kosulelo. Ngoko ke, ungagula kwakhona ngokukhawuleza kunabanye.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuzikhusela kwendalo kwisifo se-COVID-19 kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluqinileyo kwizifo ezinzima kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele. Ngeli xesha, ungaphinda ufumane i-COVID-19, kodwa usulelo lusenokungabi nzima kangako. Siza kufunda okungakumbi njengoko abaphandi befunda iindlela ezintsha kunye neendlela zokosulela kwakhona.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ne-COVID-19 akukukhuseli kwezinye iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye i-RSV, okanye usulelo oluqhelekileyo lweentsholongwane ezifana ne-strep throat. Usulelo ngalunye lubangelwa yintsholongwane eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, nokuba unesifo sendalo esifutshane kwi-COVID-19, kusengumbono olungileyo ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela wena nosapho lwakho kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentsholongwane eziyingozi. Oku kuquka ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ukunxiba imaski kwiimeko zoluntu, kunye nokuphepha abantu abagulayo.

Ukuze ufumane ingcebiso ekufaneleyo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha okwaziyo wena kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Banokukunika ingcebiso malunga nento omawuyilindele emva kokosulelwa yi-COVID-19 kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Xa ugula, usenokungacingi ngeeseli ezincinci emzimbeni wakho ezilwa zodwa. Kodwa yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo. Xa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba inqoba intsholongwane ehlaselayo, ushiyeka unokhuselo lwendalo olunokuhlala iinyanga, iminyaka, okanye ubomi bonke.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuzikhusela kwendalo kuphela akunakwenza yonke into. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akuhlali ngonaphakade. Kwakhona, ezinye iintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya zinokukwenza ugule kakhulu - ngoko ke kungcono ukwakha ukuzikhusela ngokugonywa kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga nendlela ukuzikhusela kwendalo okunokukunceda ngayo ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo, kunye noko unokukwenza ukuze uhlale uphilile. Khumbula njalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango xa usenza izigqibo malunga nempilo yakho!

Ukuzikhusela kwendalo , inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ii-antibodies, iiseli zememori, ugonyo, i-Covid-19, usulelo