Ingaba izintso zakho zikhupha iiproteni ezininzi kakhulu? Masithethe ngeNephrotic Syndrome!

Ngaba imilenze, iingalo, okanye ubuso bakho buqale ukudumba ngequbuliso? Okanye umchamo wakho ufana nomzimba womntwana odumbayo? Ngaba ubonakala ngathi yigwebu xa uchama ? Ezi zinokuba yingxaki encinci kwizintso zakho, enokubangelwa yimeko yempilo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sezintso, 'iNephrotic Syndrome'. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iNephrotic Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-nephrotic syndrome yimeko apho izintso zethu zikhupha iiproteni ezininzi kakhulu kumchamo. Oogqirha bayibiza le "proteinuria". Ukuchaneka, ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-3 grams yeproteni (enzima kancinci kune-US penny) ikhutshwa kumchamo ngosuku, olo luphawu oluphambili lwale meko. Oku kungaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-20 kunomlinganiselo okhutshwa zizintso eziphilileyo.

Ngoku cinga ngezintso zethu njengesihluzo . Esi sihluzo sinemithambo yegazi emincinci, esiyibiza ngokuba yi -`(glomeruli)` . Ezi `(glomeruli)` zihluza imveliso yenkunkuma (umzekelo, inkunkuma ye-nitrogen `(urea)`, inkunkuma yemisipha `(creatinine)`, kunye nee-asidi), kunye namanzi angafunekiyo egazini. Emva koko zikhutshwa njengomchamo. Ngokwesiqhelo, kwizintso eziphilileyo, i-`(glomeruli)` ihluza izinto ezifunekayo emzimbeni, njengeeproteni, kwaye izigcine egazini, ngakumbi iproteni `(albumin)` . Kodwa xa ezi `(glomeruli)` zonakele, azisebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko, iiproteni ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-`(albumin)` ziqokelelana lula emchameni.

Ngaba oku kusongela ubomi?

Ewe, i-nephrotic syndrome yimeko enzima kakhulu . Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, inokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki kwaye ichaphazele nobomi bakho. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu.

Ngubani ofumana isifo se-nephrotic syndrome?

Nabani na angayihlakulela le nto. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanesifo sezintso esinxulumene nesifo seswekile, abo bane-allergies ezithile, kunye nabo banembali yosapho lwabo yolu hlobo lwesifo sezintso (abane-nephrotic syndrome) banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo.

Esi asisosifo sixhaphakileyo.

• Ichaphazela malunga nomntwana omnye kwabangama-50,000 ngonyaka. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-2 nemi-5 ubudala. Abafana banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba nayo kunamantombazana.
• Kubantu abadala , oku kwenzeka kubantu abathathu kwabalikhulu lamawaka ngonyaka.

I-nephrotic syndrome iyichaphazela njani umzimba?

Xa iiproteni, ezibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, zikhutshwa emchameni, kuvela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.

• Ezinye iiproteni zinceda ekuthinteleni ukujiya kwegazi . Xa zingekho, kunokubakho amahlwili egazi.
• Olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo lweproteni`(Immunoglobulins)` . Ezi zinceda inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokulwa nezifo kunye nosulelo. Xa ezi zingekho, sinokufumana usulelo ngokulula. Umzekelo:
• `(Isifo semiphunga)` (Isifo semiphunga)
• I-Cellulitis (usulelo lwebhaktheriya lolusu)
• I-Peritonitis (usulelo lwesisu)

Zithini iimpawu ze-nephrotic syndrome?

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba neproteni eninzi `(albumin)` kumchamo (`(albuminuria)`) : Ngaphezulu kwe-3.5 grams yeproteni `(albumin)` ikhutshwa ngosuku.
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba amafutha kunye ne-cholesterol egazini (i-hyperlipidemia) .
• Ukudumba (`(edema)`) : Amaxesha amaninzi, imilenze, amaqatha, kunye neenyawo ziyadumba. Ngamanye amaxesha izandla nobuso nazo zinokudumba. Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntwana wakho uvuka kusasa kwaye indawo ejikeleze amehlo akhe ibonakala idumbile, oko kungaba luphawu loku.
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-albumin protein egazini (hypoalbuminemia) .
• Ukutya akunancasa .
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha .
• Intlungu yesisu (naphi na ukusuka kwiimbambo ukuya kwisisu esisezantsi).
• Umchamo onogwebu , njengamanzi anesepha.

Enye into kukuba imizimba yethu ilahlekelwa ziiminerali ezibalulekileyo kunye neevithamini, ingakumbi icalcium kunye nevithamini D , ngale ndlela. Kubantwana abancinci, oku kunokuchaphazela ukukhula. Ukulahleka kweenwele, iinzipho ezibuthathaka, kunye nezifo ezibuthathaka kwamathambo ezifana ne-``(Osteoporosis)`` (isifo sokuncitshiswa kwamathambo) nazo zinokwenzeka.

Zeziphi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ze-nephrotic syndrome?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• `(Ukulimala kwezintso okukhawulezileyo)` - Imeko apho izintso ziyeka ukusebenza kakuhle ngequbuliso.
• I-anemia - Ukungabikho kweeseli zegazi eziphilileyo ezithwala ioksijini ukuya kwizitho zomzimba.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi ye-Coronary - Amafutha agcinwa kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunoluqhelekileyo njengoko luhamba ngemithambo yegazi.
• I-Hypothyroidism - I-thyroid gland ayikhuphi i-hormone ye-thyroid eyaneleyo egazini.

Zithini izizathu ze-nephrotic syndrome?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi `(glomeruli)` zonakala ngenxa yezifo zezintso. Oogqirha nabaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba kutheni ezi zifo zichaphazela ngqo i`(glomeruli)`. Ezi `(glomeruli)` zonakeleyo zezona zibangela i-nephrotic syndrome. Ezinye zezi zifo zezi:

• `(Amyloidosis)` : Kule nto, uhlobo lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-amyloid lufakwa kwizitho zethu ezibalulekileyo. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kwizintso. Emva koko amandla okucoca ezintso ayancipha.
• `(I-nephropathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile)`I-Nephropathy: Oku kwenzeka xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle. Le meko yenzeka xa isifo seswekile sonakalisa imithambo-luvo enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwizintso. Oku kunokubangela ukungaziva, ubuthathaka bemisipha, kunye nentlungu.
• I-Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) : Oku kubangela amanxeba kwiindawo ezincinci ze-glomeruli. Oku kunokukhokelela ekudumbeni, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, kunye neproteni kumchamo.
• I-Lupus : I-Lupus sisifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba. Sibangela ukudumba, ukudumba, kunye nentlungu emzimbeni wonke. Sinokuchaphazela nezintso.
• I-Membranous nephropathy : Kule nto, inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela ii-membranes ezihluzayo ezintso.
• Isifo sotshintsho oluncinci (MCD) : Olu luhlobo lwe-nephropathy apho izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, i-biopsy yezintso ayibonisi monakalo ubalulekileyo kwi-glomeruli okanye kwizicubu zezintso. Nangona inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci.

Ifunyanwa njani i-nephrotic syndrome?

Oogqirha benza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze bafumanise esi sifo:

Uvavanyo lokuhlola umchamo

Oku kubonwa ngovavanyo lomchamo, olujonga inkangeleko, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, kunye nenkangeleko yomchamo wakho ngemicroscope.

• Uvavanyo lwe-Dipstick : Kolu vavanyo, uchamela kwisikhongozeli esikhethekileyo eofisini kagqirha okanye esibhedlele. Emva koko ugqirha okanye umongikazi ubeka umcu wephepha ogqunywe ngekhemikhali (i-dipstick) kwisikhongozeli. Ukuba kukho i-albumin kumchamo wakho, umcu uza kutshintsha umbala.
• Uvavanyo lweprotheyini yomchamo : Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba kufuneka umlinganiselo ochanekileyo.
• Isampulu yomchamo omnye : Le ithunyelwa kwilebhu. Baza kujonga ukuba ingakanani i-`(albumin)` kunye ne-`(creatinine)` kumchamo wakho (`(albumin-to-creatinine ratio)`). Ukuba uneemiligrami ezingaphezu kwama-30 ze-`(albumin)` ngegram nganye ye-`(creatinine)`, loo nto inokuba yingxaki.
• Ukuqokelelwa komchamo iiyure ezingama-24 : Ugqirha uza kukunika ibhotile yokuqokelelwa komchamo wakho ekhaya. Ngomhla wovavanyo:
• Into yokuqala kusasa, xa uvuka, phuma uchamele kwindlu yangasese njengesiqhelo.
• Emva koko phuma uyochamela kuloo bhotile imini yonke ude ulale ebusuku.
• Ngentsasa elandelayo, xa uvuka nje, phuma umchamo kwibhotile enye okokugqibela.
• Emva koko kuya kufuneka uthathe loo sampuli uyise kwiofisi kagqirha okanye kwilebhu, apho balinganisa khona kuphela ubungakanani be-`(albumin)`.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Kule meko, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuthabatha igazi elincinci kumthambo osengalweni yakho. Lithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze livavanywe. Ukuba kukho inqanaba eliphantsi le-`(albumin)` okanye ezinye iiproteni egazini, isenokuba yi-nephrotic syndrome. Bakwajonga amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye ne-`(triglyceride)` egazini. Xa i-`(albumin)` iphantsi, ezi zinokunyuka.

i-biopsy yezintso

Kule nkqubo, ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili sezintso zakho aze alihlole nge-microscope. Indawo leyo ayibonakali kakuhle ngaphambi kwenkqubo, ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu. Usenokunikwa nomlinganiselo omncinci wamayeza okulala ukuze akuncede uphumle. Emva koko ugqirha ufaka inaliti eluswini lwakho kwisintso sakho ukuze athathe isampuli yesicwili.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo seswekile kwaye ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba une-nephrotic syndrome, i-kidney biopsy ayisoloko iyimfuneko. Imbali yakho yezonyango, uvavanyo lomchamo, kunye novavanyo lwegazi kunokunceda ekufumaneni i-nephrotic syndrome ebangelwa sisifo seswekile.

Ngaba isifo se-nephrotic syndrome sinokunyangeka?

Esi asisosifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo . Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi! Ukuba siyenzeka kubantwana abancinci, sidla ngokuphela xa besebancinci, malunga neminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-20 ubudala.

Unyango lunokulawula iimpawu kwaye luthintele umonakalo ongakumbi kwizintso.

Unyango lubandakanya ukunyanga unobangela oyintloko, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, ukudumba, kunye nomngcipheko wosulelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lubandakanya amayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokutya .

• Amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu anokunceda ukulawula isifo sezintso esibangela i-nephrotic syndrome. Umzekelo:
• `(Izithinteli ze-enzyme eguqula i-angiotensin (ACE))`
• `(Ii-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs))`
• La mayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwi-glomeruli kwaye anciphisa ubungakanani be-albumin ephuma kumchamo. Abantu abaninzi banokufuna amayeza amabini okanye amathathu ukulawula uxinzelelo lwabo lwegazi.
• Kunye ne-ACE inhibitor okanye i-ARB, ugqirha wakho unokukunika i -diuretic . I-Diuretics inceda izintso zakho zisuse ulwelo olugqithisileyo egazini lakho. Zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokudumba. Amanye amayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi aquka ii-beta-blockers kunye nee-calcium channel blockers .
• Ugqirha angakunika amayeza ``statin`` okunciphisa i-cholesterol.
• Ukuba une-nephrotic syndrome, kukwangcono ukufumana i-influenza (flu) vaccine kunye ne-pneumococcal vaccine rhoqo ngonyaka. I-pneumococcal vaccine inokukhusela kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumococcus (umz., izifo zendlebe, i-pneumonia, i-meningitis).
• Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants), kodwa la mayeza anikwa kuphela xa unesifo sokuwa kwegazi. Azithinteli isifo se-nephrotic syndrome okanye iimpawu zaso.

Ngaba kufuneka ulumke ngokutya nokusela?

Ukutya nokusela akunampembelelo ingako ekuphuhlisweni okanye ekuthintelweni kwe-nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala. Kodwa ukuba unale meko,Ezinye iimpawu zingancitshiswa ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo.

• Ukunciphisa ityuwa (i-sodium) ekutyeni kwakho kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba . Uninzi lwe-sodium ekutyeni esikutyayo luvela kwityuwa. Ukusela amanzi angakumbi kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba.
• Ukunciphisa amafutha agcweleyo kunye ne-cholesterol ekutyeni kwakho kunokunceda ukulawula "i-hyperlipidemia" (amafutha aphezulu egazini). Kungcono ukunciphisa ukutya okufana neemveliso zobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo, inyama ebomvu, inyama ecutshungulweyo, itshizi, ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, izinto ezibhakiweyo, kunye neelekese.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula iimpawu zakho kukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele . Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukutya ukutya okune-potassium eninzi kunye neproteni, kodwa okune-sodium encinci, amafutha agcweleyo kunye ne-cholesterol.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu se-nephrotic syndrome. Abanye abantu banokuqala ukuziva bebhetele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango. Kwabanye, kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. Kubalulekile ukuba nomonde.

Kwenzeka ntoni kumntu one-nephrotic syndrome?

Ukuba baxilongiwe baze banyangwe ngokuchanekileyo, abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome bafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo . Uninzi lwabantu lusabela kakuhle kunyango baze babuyele kwi-remission (`(remission)`). Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziyaphela. Ukuba ubune-nephrotic syndrome usengumntwana, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba iphele ngokupheleleyo xa ufikelela ebudaleni.

Ngaba isifo se-nephrotic syndrome singathintelwa?

Isifo se-Nephrotic syndrome asinakuthintelwa , kodwa unyango olufanelekileyo lweemeko ezibangela esi sifo (umz. isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) kunye notshintsho kwindlela esidla ngayo kunokunceda ukuphucula iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kwizintso.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sezintso, ingakumbi umchamo onamagwebu kunye nokudumba, ezihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Okukhona sifunyanwa kwangethuba, kokukhona kulula ukunyanga.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ungabuza le mibuzo xa ubona ugqirha:

• "Wazi njani ukuba ndinesifo se-nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Ngaba kufuneka ndenze ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo?"
• "Ukuba andinayo i-nephrotic syndrome, yeyiphi enye imeko endinokuba nayo?"
• "Yintoni ebangela ukuba ndibe nesifo se-nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Ucinga ukuba isifo sam se-nephrotic syndrome siya kuncipha xa sinyangwa?"
• "Ngaba isifo sokuqaqamba kwesisu somntwana wam siza kuphela njengoko ekhula?"
• "Ngawaphi amayeza okanye unyango olucebisayo?"
• "Ngaba kufuneka ndenze utshintsho kwindlela enditya ngayo?"

Umahluko phakathi kweNephrotic Syndrome kunye neNephritic Syndrome

Zombini ezi ziimeko ezichaphazela izintso.

• Uphawu oluphambili lwe-nephrotic syndrome kukuba kukho iiproteni ezininzi kumchamo.
• Uphawu oluphambili lwe-nephritic syndrome kukudumba kwezintso. Oku kudumba kunokubangelwa lusulelo, isifo semithambo yegazi, okanye ukuwohloka.

Umahluko phakathi kweNephrotic Syndrome kunye neGlomerulonephritis

I-Glomerulonephritis ikwasisifo sezintso. Iimpawu zayo zifana ne-nephrotic syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko omkhulu ukwinani leeproteni ezikhutshwayo .

• Ukuba une-nephrotic syndrome, ukhupha iigram ezingaphezu kwe-3.5 zeproteni ngosuku.
• Ukuba uneGlomerulonephritis, ngaphantsi kwe-3.5 grams yeprotheyini ekhutshwayo ngosuku.

Yintoni i-congenital nephrotic syndrome?

Le yimeko ebakho xa umntwana ezalwa . Ingakhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngokusisigxina, ngesiqhelo phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ne-8 ubudala. Esi sisifo sezintso esizuzwa njengelifa. Oko kuthetha ukuba sidluliselwa kubazali ukuya kubantwana.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ngamafutshane, i-nephrotic syndrome yimeko apho izintso zikhupha iiproteni ezininzi kumchamo. Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nentlungu yesisu, umchamo onamagwebu, ukudumba, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, kunye nokudinwa rhoqo okuthatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwembalwa, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Khumbula, ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukugcina izintso zakho ziphilile kwaye kuthintele iingxaki ezinkulu . Musa ukoyika, landela nje imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Ndikunqwenelela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza!

Isifo seNephrotic, Isifo sezintso, iiProteni, Ukudumba, Uvavanyo lomchamo, Abantwana, Isifo seNephrotic