Singathetha ngee-neural tube defects (NTDs) ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nomqolo womntwana okhula esibelekweni?

Nokuba ulindele umntwana okanye sele ufumene iindaba ezimnandi, mhlawumbi uzibuza izinto ezininzi malunga nomntwana osesiswini sakho. Kungaba luncedo kangakanani ukwazi okuncinci ngempilo yomntwana wakho? Yiyo loo nto, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento enokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa enokuthintelwa ukuba uyazi kwangaphambili. Oko kukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi , okanye njengoko oogqirha bebiza ngokuba yi-"Neural Tube Defects - NTDs". Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Zithini iziphene zetyhubhu yemithambo-luvo (ii-NTD)? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ii-NTD luhlobo lwemeko yokuzalwa . Oko kukuthi, ziimeko ezenzeka ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Zichaphazela kakhulu ingqondo yomntwana, umqolo, okanye umqolo (inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ehamba ngomqolo). Khumbula, ezi ziphene zihlala zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba wazi nokuba ukhulelwe, ngesiqhelo kwinyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Oku kuqhele ukwenzeka. Xa umntwana eqala ukukhula esibelekweni, amacala omabini omqolo womntwana ayadibana, enze isakhiwo esifana netyhubhu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yityhubhu ye-neural . Le tyhubhu ye-neural yiyo eya kuthi kamva ikhule ibe yingqondo yomntwana kunye nomqolo. Ngoko ke, ukuba le tyhubhu ye-neural ayivaleki kakuhle, ukuba kukho umsantsa omncinci okanye ukusilela kwenye indawo, ke le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-NTD iyenzeka. Kufana naxa wakha uphahla, ukuba kukho umsantsa kwenye indawo, amanzi ayavuza eluphahleni.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-NTD?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zeziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural (NTDs). Makhe sijonge nganye nganye ngokulandelanayo:

1. I-Spine Bifida

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-NTD. I-Spine Bifida yimeko apho ityhubhu ye-neural ingavali ngokupheleleyo ngaxesha lithile ecaleni komqolo ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Kwakhona, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• I-Myelomeningocele (I-Open Spina Bifida):

Khawuthelekelele, xa abantwana bezalwa, ungabona ingxowa egcwele amanzi iphuma ngasemva komqolo wabo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Myelomeningocele).` Ngaphakathi kwingxowa kusenokuba yinxalenye yomqolo womntwana, izicubu eziwugubungelayo i-`(Meninges)`, imithambo-luvo, kwanolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo `(Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF)`. Olu lolona hlobo lunzima noluqhelekileyo lwe-`(Spina Bifida).`

• I-Meningocele:

Kwimeko enjalo, ingxowa egcwele ulwelo isenokuba iphume emqolo womntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, intambo yomqolo yomntwana ayonakali, oko kuthetha ukuba intambo yomqolo ayikho ngaphakathi kwingxowa.

• I-Spina Bifida Occulta:

Olu lolona hlobo lulula lwe-`(Spina Bifida)`Kule meko, kukho umngxuma omncinci emgogodleni womntwana, kodwa akukho ngxowa ibonakalayo. Akukho monakalo kwintambo yomqolo okanye kwimithambo-luvo. Uninzi lwexesha, oku akubangeli ngxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha, usenokungazi nokuba unaso ubomi bakho bonke.

2. I-Anencephaly

Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. I-Anencephaly yimeko apho inxalenye ephezulu yetyhubhu ye-neural, apho ingqondo ikhula khona, ingavali kakuhle ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Ngenxa yoko, ukhakhayi, ulusu, kunye nengqondo yomntwana azikhuli kakuhle. Ezinye iindawo zengqondo kunye nokhakhayi zisenokungabikho kwaphela. Izicubu zengqondo ezikhulayo zihlala zibonakala kuba akukho sikhumba okanye ithambo lokuzigubungela. Okubuhlungu kukuba, iintsana ezinale meko zihlala zizalwa zifile okanye zife emva nje kokuzalwa.

3. I-Encephalocele

Oku kwenzeka xa ityhubhu ye-neural ingavaleki kakuhle kufutshane nengqondo, nto leyo eyenza umngxuma ekhayeni. Ingqondo yomntwana kunye nee-membrane ezigubungela ingqondo (i-meninges) zinokuphuma kulo mngxuma, zenze umngxuma ofana nengxowa. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho umngxuma omncinci kuphela kwimpumlo okanye ebunzini, nto leyo engabonakali kangako.

4. I-Inencephaly

Le yimeko enzima kakhulu nengaqhelekanga. Ibangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu komqolo. Amaxesha amaninzi, intamo ayibikho kwaphela, kwaye intloko inokugoba ngasemva kangangokuba ubuso bomntwana bunokunamathela esifubeni kwaye ulusu olungasemva kwentloko lunokunamathela. Iintsana ezinale meko zihlala zizalwa zifile.

Zichaphazela bani ezi NTD? Zixhaphake kangakanani?

Ii-NTD ziimeko ezenzeka ekuzalweni, oko kuthetha ukuba zichaphazela umntwana osakhulayo . Zikwabakho nakwinyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Ngokwezibalo kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, `(ii-NTD)` azixhaphakanga kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uzazi. Umzekelo, eMelika, le meko ibonwa kubantu abakhulelweyo abamalunga nama-3000 ngonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, `(i-Spina Bifida)` kunye `(i-Anencephaly)` zezona zixhaphakileyo. Nangona kunzima ukufumana izibalo ezichanekileyo eSri Lanka, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi meko zinokwenzeka nakubani na.

Kutheni le nto ezi ziphene ze-neural tube (NTDs) zenzeka?

Enyanisweni, oogqirha noososayensi abakwazi ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yintoni unobangela omnye wezi NTD. Nangona kunjalo, bakholelwa ukuba ludibaniso oluntsonkothileyo lwezinto zemfuza, izondlo, kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo .

Kufunyaniswe ukuba unobangela omkhulu woku kukuba inqanaba eliphantsi le-folic acid emzimbeni kamama, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba akhulelwe nakwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa . I-folic acid okanye i-folate sisondlo esibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kakuhle kwengqondo yomntwana kunye nomqolo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-NTD?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-NTD luneempawu zalo ezahlukileyo.

Kwabantwana abane-`(NTD)` ethileAkukho zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsana zinokuba neengxaki ezinkulu . Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iintsana ezine-`(Iniencephaly)` kunye ne-`(Anencephaly)` zihlala zifa xa zizalwa okanye emva nje kokuzalwa.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-NTD ziquka:

• Iingxaki zomzimba - umzekelo, ukukhubazeka (ukulahlekelwa ziingalo nemilenze), ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo kunye nendle.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukubona (ubumfama).
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva (ukungeva).
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Iimeko zokungazi nto, maxa wambi nokufa.

Ukuba oogqirha bacinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-``(NTD)'', baza kukuxelela okungakumbi ngale nto, njengoko ezi meko zinokwahluka ukusuka kumntwana omnye ukuya komnye.

Ingaba umama ukhe azive naziphi na iimpawu ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Hayi. Nokuba umntwana wakho une-"(NTD)", awuyi kuba nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezithile ezinxulumene nayo. Oogqirha bafumanisa ezi ngovavanyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Zichongwa njani ezi `(NTDs)`?

Oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga i-NTD ngovavanyo lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ii-ultrasound scan zibaluleke kakhulu koku.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ii-NTD?

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukufumanisa ii-NTD ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe:

• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Phakathi kweeveki ezili-16 neli-18 zokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lokulinganisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) egazini lakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho une-NTD, amanqanaba egazi likamama ale proteni adla ngokuba phezulu kunesiqhelo (malunga ne-75% - 80%). Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-AFP aphezulu, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, olufana ne-ultrasound scan.
• I-Ultrasound yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: I- ultrasound scan ngexesha lokukhulelwa yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokufumanisa ii-NTD ezininzi. Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa ii-scan kwi-trimester yokuqala (iiveki 11-14) nakwi-trimester yesibini (iiveki 18-22). Ezi scan zihlola umqolo womntwana kunye nentloko ukuze zibone ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ze-NTD.
• I-Amniocentesis: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ii-NTD kunye nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa. Lubandakanya ukusebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze usana. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20 zokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingozi ezinxulumene nolu vavanyo, ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye ii-NTD zinokufunyanwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zemifanekiso ezifana ne-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT (Computed Tomography) scans.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-NTD?

Kwiimeko ezifana ne-`(Spina Bifida)` kunye ne-`(Encephalocele), kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko.

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwe-Anencephaly kunye ne-Iniencephaly. Abantwana abanjalo badla ngokufa xa bezalwa okanye emva nje kokuzalwa.

Unyango lwe-`(Spina Bifida)` kunye ne-`(Encephalocele)`

Unyango lwezi meko zombini luxhomekeke kubukhulu bemeko kunye nokuba umntwana unezinye iingxaki na. Utyando lolona nyango luphambili kuzo zombini.

I-Encephalocele idla ngonyango ngotyando, apho inxalenye yengqondo ephume kwikhakayi lomntwana, kunye neenwebu ezijikelezileyo, ibuyiselwa ngaphakathi kwikhakayi, ivala umngxuma kwikhakayi.

I-Myelomeningocele, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-spina bifida, idla ngonyango ngotyando lokulungisa umngxuma kumqolo womntwana. Olu tyando lungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe (utyando lwe-fetal) okanye emva nje kokuzalwa (utyando lwasemva kokuzalwa) .

Zombini ezi meko zisenokufuna unyango olude , kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kunokufuneka utyando olongezelelweyo, okanye iingxaki ezifana ne-hydrocephalus, eqokelelana ulwelo olugqithisileyo olujikeleze ingqondo, zinokufuna unyango.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-NTD?

Nawuphi na umfazi unokufumana umntwana one-``(NTD)```. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa lo mngcipheko. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukunqongophala kwe-folate (i-folic acid): Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. I-folate luhlobo lwe-vitamin B-9. Ibalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo komntwana. Ukuba i-folic acid ayanelanga ngaphambi kokukhulelwa nakwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa i-NTD efana ne-Spin Bifida.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, okanye sele ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha iivithamini zokukhulelwa ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba uthathe ubuncinane ii-micrograms ezingama-400 (mcg) ze-folic acid yonke imihla. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukutya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-folate (njengespinatshi, iipere).

• Imbali yosapho eneziphene ze-neural tube: Umama oye waba nomntwana one- NTD yangaphambili unethuba elinyukileyo le-2% ukuya kwi-3% lokuba nomnye umntwana oneziphene ezifanayo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, kulungile ukubona umcebisi wezemfuza.
• Amayeza athile okuthintela ukuxhuzula: La mayeza anokunyusa umngcipheko we-NTDs ukuba asetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba uthatha amayeza okuxhuzula, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuze ufunde indlela amayeza aza kuyichaphazela ngayo inquleko yakho yokukhulelwa.
• Isifo seswekile:Oomama abakhulelweyo abanesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomntwana one-``(NTD)''.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Lo mngcipheko uphezulu nakoomama abatyebe kakhulu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• Ukwanda kobushushu bomzimba ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa: Ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wakho buyanda (hyperthermia) kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, nokuba kungenxa yomkhuhlane ongapheliyo okanye ngokusebenzisa i-sauna okanye i-hot tub, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokufumana i-NTD.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa: Ii-opioid luhlobo lwe-painkiller enokuba ngumlutha kakhulu. Ukuba uzisebenzisa kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zokukhulelwa, unamathuba amaninzi okuba nomntwana one-NTD. Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uthatha naliphi na iyeza elinokuba ne-opioids, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba umntwana one-`(NTD)` angasinda?

Ewe, iintsana ezineziphene ezithile ze-neural tube ezifana ne-`(Spina Bifida)` kunye ne-`(Encephalocele)` zinokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iintsana ezine-`(Anencephaly)` kunye ne-`(Iniencephaly)` zihlala zifa xa zizalwa okanye emva nje kokuzalwa.

Iintsana ezine-`(Spina Bifida),` ingakumbi i-`(Myelomeningocele)` okanye i-`(Encephalocele),` zisengozini enkulu yokonakala kwemithambo-luvo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nokukhubazeka. Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi okukhoyo ekuzalweni kudla ngokuba yinto engapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango oluninzi olunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo kunye neengxaki ezingaphezulu.

Abanye abantwana abane-"Spina Bifida" banokuphila ngaphandle kweengxaki okanye iingxaki ezincinci kakhulu.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam onomhlaza wesisu (NTD)?

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku: Ayizizo zonke iintsana ezine-NTD ezifanayo. Ingakumbi iintsana ezine-Spine Bifida kunye ne-Encephalocele zichaphazeleka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuchaphazeleka njani. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngemeko yomntwana wakho kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kuye.

Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, unokufuna uncedo lweqela loogqirha ukuze banike unyango oluhlukeneyo aludingayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukummela umntwana wakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufumana unyango olungcono kangangoko.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga ne-NTD?

Ukuba umntwana wakho uzelwe ene-NTD, kuya kufuneka abone ugqirha okanye iqela lezonyango rhoqo ukuze limnyamekele ubomi bakhe bonke.

Ukuba usela amayeza okuxhuzula okanye ii-opioids, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuze ufunde indlela amayeza aza kuyichaphazela ngayo ukukhulelwa kwakho kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokuba nomntwana one-NTD.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye wothukile xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-"(NTD)". Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezinokukunceda wena nosapho lwakho. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha onolwazi malunga ne-"(NTD)" ukuze ufunde indlela umntwana wakho aza kuchaphazeleka ngayo kunye nendlela yokuzilungiselela.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ndiyathemba ukuba le ngxoxo ikunike ulwazi oluthile malunga "neengxaki ze-neural tube - NTDs". Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ezi zinto kwangaphambili.

• (ii-NTD) ziziphene zokukhula ezenzeka engqondweni yomntwana nakwi-spinal cord kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• I-folic acid sisondlo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ezi meko. Ukusela i-folic acid yonke imihla ukususela ngexesha oceba ukukhulelwa nakwinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-NTD.
• Ii-NTD zinokufunyanwa nge-ultrasound scans ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Nangona ezinye ii-NTD zinonyango, njengotyando, ezinye iimeko ezinzima azinalo unyango.
• Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga ne-NTD, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ngamana ungafumana amandla okuba nomntwana osempilweni!

Isiphene seMibhobho yeNeural, i - NTD, i-Spine Bifida, i-Anencephaly, i-Folic Acid, ukukhulelwa, iziphene zokuzalwa, iziphene zeMibhobho yeNeural