Ngaba ucinga ukuba ingqondo yakho isoloko ifana kwaye ayitshintshi? Akunjalo. Ingqondo yethu sisitho esimangalisayo esihlala sitshintsha ubomi bethu bonke, sitshintsha njengoko sifunda izinto ezintsha, kwaye siqina ngamava. La mandla amangalisayo engqondo okutshintsha nokuzivumelanisa nale ndlela yinto esiyibiza ngokuba
yi-neuroplasticity kwezonyango. Ngamafutshane, xa ufunda into entsha, uziqhelisa isakhono esitsha, okanye ufumana iimvakalelo ezinzulu ezifana nokudakumba okanye ukumangaliswa, ingqondo yakho iyatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo. Indlela enceda oku kwenzeke ibizwa ngokuba yi-neuroplasticity.
I-neuroplasticity ichaphazela njani ubomi bethu?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu uphulukene nokukwazi ukuthetha ngenxa yemeko efana nokukhubazeka okanye isifo sohlangothi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, elinye icandelo lobuchopho elingonakalanga lithatha umsebenzi wokuthetha. Kancinci kancinci, ngokuvuselelwa, umntu unokusebenzisa elinye icandelo lobuchopho ukuthetha kwakhona. Lo ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo we-neuroplasticity. Ngokufanayo, umntu olahlekelwe kukuva unokuba nengqiqo ebukhali yokubona okanye yokuvumba. Oku kungenxa yokuba ingqondo iphucula umsebenzi wezinye izivamvo ukuze ihlawulele ilahleko. Onke amava esinawo, lonke unxibelelwano esinalo, lubangela ukuba inethiwekhi ye-neural phakathi kwee-neurons kwingqondo yethu yakhiwe kwakhona kwaye ihlelwe ngokutsha.
"Oku kuyenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha. Kuyenzeka kuwo onke amava onawo, nokuba uphupha. Uhlala utshintsha ii-neurons eziyi-100 yeebhiliyoni ebuchotsheni bakho, kunye nezigidigidi zonxibelelwano (ii-synapses) phakathi kwazo," utshilo uGqr. Rudy Tansey, umlawuli weZiko lezeMpilo yoBuchongo kwiSibhedlele iMassachusetts General.
Ekuqaleni, xa ingqondo iqhelana nento entsha, umsebenzi wayo kuphela uyatshintsha. Oku sikubiza ngokuba
yiFunctional Plasticity . Kodwa xa usenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ulwakhiwo lomzimba lobuchopho luqala ukutshintsha. Oku sikubiza ngokuba
yiStructural Plasticity . Khawuthelekelele uzama ukuphucula ukuma kwakho kokubetha xa udlala ikhilikithi. Unezandla zombini, kodwa ngoku uzisebenzisa ngendlela entsha, engcono. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-neurons ezikwingqondo yakho ezinxulumene neso senzo ziqala ukudibana ngeendlela ezintsha. Njengoko uqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa, unxibelelwano olutsha nolunamandla (ii-synapses) lwenziwa phakathi kwezo neurons. Yile nto ukufunda kuyiyo.
Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zokusebenza kwe-neuroplasticity
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ingqondo etshintsha ngazo ngaphakathi kwengcamango ye-neuroplasticity. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.
- Ukwenziwa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ezintsha (iNeurogeneis):Ingqondo yomntu omdala ivelisa ii-neurons ezintsha ezimbalwa kakhulu kunomntwana, kodwa iingcali zikholelwa ukuba le nkqubo isaqhubeka kwi-hippocampus , inxalenye yengqondo ebalulekileyo kwizinto ezifana nenkumbulo nokufunda.
- Ukwahlulwa kweDendritic: Xa iiseli zemithambo-luvo zonakele, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisempilweni ezikufutshane zikhulisa amasebe amatsha (iidendrites) ukunceda ukuvala umsantsa. Oku kunceda ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwindawo eyonakeleyo.
- I-Synaptogenesis: Xa isenzo esifanayo siphindaphindwa, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezihambelanayo ziyadibana, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, unxibelelwano olutsha (ii-synapses) lwenziwa phakathi kwazo. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ebuntwaneni.
- Ukomeleza i-synaptic: Njengoko uqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa nento entsha, unxibelelwano lwe-neural (synapses) oluhambelana nayo luya luqina. Oku kwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-neurons lusebenze ngakumbi.
- Ukuthena nge-Synaptic: Khawucinge ukuba awuzange usebenzise into oyifundileyo. Emva koko unxibelelwano lwe-neural olwenziweyo olunxulumene nayo lunobuthathaka kwaye lunyamalale. Oku akuyonto imbi ngokwenene. Kufana nengqondo "eyazicoca" ngokususa izinto ezingafunekiyo. Oku kwenza ingqondo isebenze ngakumbi.
Imigaqo ye-Neuroplasticity: Ungawuqeqesha njani ubuchopho?
Ukuba iingqondo zethu ziyatshintsha ngenxa yamava ethu, ngaba singayiphucula le nkqubo ngokubonelela ingqondo ngamava aluncedo ngakumbi? Ngaba singalusebenzisa olu lwazi ukunceda ingqondo ibuyele kwimeko yayo emva komonakalo ongaphezulu? Ewe. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ngcinga, abaphandi uJeffrey A. Kleim kunye noTheresa A. Jones bazise imigaqo eli-10 ye-neuroplasticity. Bachaza indlela ukufunda okunceda ngayo ingqondo iphile emva komonakalo.
| Umgaqo | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|
| Yisebenzise okanye uyilahle | Ukuba awuqhubeki nokusebenzisa isakhono, unxibelelwano lobuchopho olunxulumene naso luyaphela kwaye luphele. |
| Yisebenzise kwaye uyiphucule | Njengoko uqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa nesakhono, unxibelelwano lobuchopho oluhambelana naso luya luqina. |
| Ukuchaneka | Kufuneka uzilolonge ngokukodwa kwisakhono ofuna ukusiphucula. Umzekelo, ukuze uphucule ibhalansi, kufuneka wenze imithambo ngokukodwa ukuze ulungelelanise. |
| Imicimbi yokuphindaphinda | Ukuze kubekho utshintsho oluhlala luhleli engqondweni, izakhono ezintsha kufuneka ziqeqeshwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. |
| Izinto eziBalulekileyo | Okukhona uziqeqesha ngamandla (ixesha elide, ugxile kakhulu), kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho kwisakhiwo luza kwenzeka engqondweni. |
| Ixesha Libalulekile | Emva komonakalo wengqondo, ukuvuselelwa kwangoko kuqalwa, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono. |
| Izinto ezibalulekileyo | Ingqondo iyiqonda ngcono xa ufunda into ebalulekileyo kuwe kwaye uyonwabela. |
| Imicimbi Yobudala | Nangona ingqondo itshintsha njengoko sikhula, ayitshintshi ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokuphawulekayo njengoko yayinjalo xa sasisebancinci. |
| Ukudluliselwa | Ukuphuhlisa isakhono esinye kunceda ekuphuhliseni ezinye izakhono ezifanayo. |
| Ukuphazamiseka | Ngamanye amaxesha ukufunda into entsha kunokuphazamisa ukufunda into ethile kamva (ingakumbi ukuba into yokuqala uyifunde ngendlela engalunganga). |
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuphucula impilo yengqondo kunye nokuqina kwemithambo-luvo?
UDkt. Tansy ucebisa abo bafuna ukugcina ingqondo yabo iphilile kwaye basebenzise olu buchule lubizwa ngokuba yi-neuroplasticity ukuba balandele isicwangciso se-"SHIELD".
- S - Lala: Lala kakuhle iiyure ezisi-7-8 ubusuku ngabunye. Ukulala kubalulekile ekuqiniseni iinkumbulo nokususa iityhefu ezingafunekiyo engqondweni (umz. iiplaque ezinokubangela i-dementia).
- H - Ukulawula Uxinzelelo : Fumana indlela yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho. Kungaba kukucamngca, ukuzilolonga, into oyithandayo, okanye ukufunda incwadi. Uxinzelelo olude lunokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo.
- I - Nxibelelana nabanye: Gcina ubudlelwane obuqinileyo bentlalo, njengokuthetha nokunxulumana nabahlobo abalungileyo nezalamane. Oku kukhusela impilo yengqondo .
- E - Ukuzilolonga: Fumana ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga okuphakathi ukuya kokunzima ngeveki (iintsuku ezi-5, imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku). Ukuzilolonga kukhuthaza ukukhula kweeseli ezintsha zemithambo-luvo.
- L - Funda izinto ezintsha: Funda kwaye uziqhelise izinto ezintsha, izakhono ezintsha, ezikunika umngeni. Oku kuqinisa ii-synapses engqondweni yakho.
- D - Ukutya : Ukutya okutyebileyo kwimifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, amafutha asempilweni, kunye nenyama ebomvu encinci (umz., ukutya kwaseMeditera) kuluncedo kakhulu engqondweni.
"Ithemba kukunciphisa ukudumba kobuchopho kunye nokwandisa ukuqina kwemithambo-luvo," utshilo uGqr. Tansey.
Ukuqina kwemithambo-luvo kuyanda emva kokwenzakala kwengqondo okanye istroke ukunceda kwinkqubo yokuchacha. Umzekelo, olu buchule lufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokuqala emva kwestroke. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo lokubuyisela imeko kwimeko yesiqhelo ngeli xesha. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye ufumane ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Neuroplasticity yindlela emangalisayo ingqondo yethu ekwaziyo ukutshintsha, ukufunda, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nayo ubomi bonke.
- Olu buchule yilo olusivumela ukuba sifunde izinto ezintsha size siphinde siphile kwinqanaba elithile emva komonakalo wengqondo (umz. istroke).
- Xa siqhelisela into ngokuphindaphindiweyo, utshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo luba lutshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwisakhiwo sayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Nawe ungawuphucula umsebenzi we-neuroplasticity yengqondo yakho ngokulala ngokwaneleyo, ukulawula uxinzelelo , ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, nokutya ukutya okunempilo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unesifo esinxulumene nengqondo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaso rhoqo uze ufumane icebiso elifanelekileyo.
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