Sonke sifumana izilonda ezincinci emlonyeni wethu ngalo lonke ixesha, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha siluma ngempazamo esidleleni sethu, okanye sifumana izilonda emlonyeni emva kokutya ukutya okuneziqholo. Kodwa ezi zilonda zihlala ziphiliswa zodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba unesilonda okanye ibala elimhlophe emlonyeni wakho elingapholiyo emva kweeveki ezimbini? Kulapho kufuneka silumke ngakumbi. Kuba, inokuba luphawu lokuqala lomhlaza womlomo. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula.
Kalula nje, yintoni umhlaza womlomo?
Umhlaza womlomo sisifo somhlaza esinokuthi sivele naphi na emlonyeni wethu, njengemilebe, iintsini, ulwimi, ngaphakathi ezidleleni, naphahleni lomlomo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli ezingaphakathi emlonyeni wethu zikhula ngendlela elawulekayo kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyafa. Kodwa kumhlaza, ezi seli ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kolawulo.
Iiseli zomhlaza ezibumbeka ngolu hlobo zinokudibana zenze ithumba. Ukuba le meko ayinyangwa, umhlaza ungasasazeka ngakumbi emlonyeni, uye kwii-lymph nodes entanyeni, uze usuke apho uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha kukuba umhlaza womlomo uyanyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba . Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukukwazi oku.
Zeziphi izinto ezinyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo?
Nangona kungekho sizathu sinye somhlaza womlomo, kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezininzi ezonyusa kakhulu umngcipheko. Eminye yale mikhwa ixhaphakile kubantu bakuthi eSri Lanka.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba malunga nabantu abathathu kwaba-4 (75%) abafumana umhlaza womlomo banxulunyaniswa nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko:
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba | Kunye nokutshaya icuba, iicuba, kunye neebeedis, ukuhlafuna icuba (ukutya amagqabi e-betel) yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza womlomo. Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa iiseli zomlomo kwaye zibangele umhlaza. |
| Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo | Ukusela utywala rhoqo nangokugqithisileyo nako kuyimbangela enkulu yomngcipheko. Ukuba umntu otshayayo usela utywala, umngcipheko uyanda nangakumbi. |
| Ukuvezwa lilanga | Ukuvezwa ixesha elide elangeni elinamandla kunokukhokelela kumhlaza wemilebe, ingakumbi emilebeni. Ngoko ke, licebo elihle ukusebenzisa isithinteli selanga emilebeni yakho. |
| Intsholongwane ye-HPV | Ezinye iintlobo zeHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) zinokubangela umhlaza, ingakumbi umhlaza womqala. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza womlomo okanye omnye umhlaza wentloko nentamo, nawe usenokuba sengozini. |
Kodwa ungalibali ukuba nabantu abangenazo ezi zinto zinobungozi banokuba nomhlaza womlomo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu anyamekele impilo yomlomo wakhe.
Zeziphi iimpawu esifanele sizijonge?
Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala ngathi ziingxaki zomlomo eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa umahluko omkhulu kukuba ezi mpawu zihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini.
Iimeko zangaphambi komhlaza
Ngamanye amaxesha, amabala anokuvela emlonyeni anokuba ngumhlaza. Ukuba uzibona ezi zinto, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- I-Leukoplakia: La ngamabala amhlophe okanye angwevu aphuma emlonyeni kwaye angenakususwa ngokuhlikihla.
- I-Erythroplakia: La ngamabala abomvu, aphakanyisiweyo kancinci phezu komhlaba . Angopha xa ekrwelwe. Asengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.
- I-Erythroleukoplakia: Ezi zibonakala njengeebala ezimhlophe nezibomvu ezixutyiweyo .
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Ukuba unempawu enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo kwaye aziphucuki kwiiveki ezimbini, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Amanxeba angapholiyo | Izilonda emilebeni okanye emlonyeni ezingapholiyo kangangeeveki ezimbini. Ezi zinokopha. |
| Uburhabaxa okanye amaqhuma emlonyeni | Iindawo ezirhabaxa, eziqinileyo okanye amaqhuma anokuviwa ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kwiintsini okanye emilebeni. |
| Ukopha okungachazwanga | Ukopha ngaphakathi emlonyeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. |
| Ukurhawuzelela okanye intlungu | Ukurhawuzelela, iintlungu, okanye ukuba ndindisholo nakweyiphi na indawo yomlomo, ubuso, okanye intamo. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya okanye ukuthetha | Ubunzima bokuhlafuna, ukuginya, okanye ukuhambisa ulwimi okanye umhlathi. |
| Utshintsho lwelizwi | Ukurhawuzelela okanye utshintsho kwilizwi. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, iintlungu zendlebe, umoya onukayo rhoqo. |
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Xa usiya kugqirha onesi sibonakaliso, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukuhlolisisa umlomo wakho ngononophelo. Baza kujonga imilebe yakho, iintsini, izidlele, ulwimi, uphahla lomlomo, kunye nomva womqala wakho. Baza kujonga nokuba akukho maqhuqhuva entanyeni yakho.
Ukuba kukho indawo ekrokrisayo, kwenziwa uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba inomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
I-biopsy yinkqubo apho kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwindawo erhanelekayo okanye kwindawo ethile lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa umhlaza.
Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezifana ne -endoscopy (ukuvavanya umqala ngetyhubhu enekhamera), i-CT scan, kunye ne-MRI scan zinokuba yimfuneko ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza womlomo?
Unyango lomhlaza womlomo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza, indawo okuyo, ubungakanani bawo, nokuba usasazeke na, kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili.
1. Utyando: Unyango oluqhelekileyo lutyando lokususa umhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze wona. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, nazo zisenokufuneka zisuswe. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba indawo enkulu isusiwe, utyando lokwakha kwakhona lunokwenziwa ukubuyisela umhlaza kubukhulu bawo bangaphambili.
2. Unyango lweMisebe: Olu nyango lusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lunokunikwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando.
3. Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lubaluleke kakhulu xa umhlaza usasazekile kuba la mayeza ahamba emzimbeni wonke aze abulale iiseli zomhlaza.
Rhoqo, olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango lunikwa kunye (unyango oludibeneyo) ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena.
Singenza ntoni ukuze sisinde kule meko?
Umhlaza womlomo sisifo esinokuthintelwa kakhulu. Ukwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela esiphila ngayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko.
- Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo icuba: Ukuba utshaya okanye uhlafuna i-betel nut, yenza isigqibo sokuyeka namhlanje . Lelona sigqibo silungileyo onokusenza. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, cela uncedo kugqirha wakho.
- Nciphisa utywala: Ukuba usela utywala, phuza ngokulinganisela.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwiziqhamo nemifuno.
- Khusela imilebe yakho elangeni: Xa uphuma, faka isithinteli selanga esikhusela imilebe yakho kwimitha ye-UV.
- Zihlole umlomo wakho: Ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga, yima phambi kwesibuko uze ujonge utshintsho emlonyeni wakho kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle.
- Vava imilebe yakho, iintsini, nangaphakathi kwezidlele zakho ukuze ubone ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva na.
- Khupha ulwimi lwakho uze ujonge ngononophelo phezulu, ezantsi, nasemacaleni.
- Jonga kwakhona inkalakahla kunye nendawo engaphantsi kolwimi.
- Vavanya amacala omabini entamo ukuze ubone ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva na.
Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, ungoyiki okanye ulibazise, bona ugqirha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba unebala elibuhlungu, elimhlophe okanye elibomvu emlonyeni wakho elingapholiyo kangangeeveki ezimbini , musa ukulityeshela. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Ukutshaya nokuhlafuna icuba zezona zinto zibangela umhlaza womlomo. Ukuzigcina kude nale mikhwa kuya kukunika ukhuseleko olukhulu.
- Zihlole umlomo wakho ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga, thatha inyathelo ngoko nangoko.
- Njengayo nayiphi na umhlaza, umhlaza womlomo uyanyangeka xa ubhaqwa kwangethuba . Ngoko ke ungoyiki, cela ingcebiso kugqirha.
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