Masifunde ngeSifo seNtsholongwane i-Oropouche. Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci xa usiva ngezifo ezintsha, akunjalo? Kule mihla, usenokuba ukhe weva ngentsholongwane engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Oropouche". Ingakumbi xa sisiva ukuba isasazeka kwamanye amazwe, siziva sinomdla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sinoloyiko. Ngoko ke makhe sibone ukuba eli bali lithetha ukuthini, kwaye sifanele sikhathazeke kangakanani ngalo.

Yintoni i-Oropouche Virus Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo se-oropharyngeal sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esibangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Sihlala sivakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane. Sisasazeka kakhulu kukulunywa ziinkumbi (uhlobo lwempukane encinci, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"no-see-ams") kunye neentlobo ezithile zeengcongconi.

Esi sifo sibonakala kakhulu kuMbindi naseMzantsi Melika, ingakumbi kumazwe ajikeleze ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2024, kwaxelwa ukuba sisasazeka nakwamanye amazwe afana neCuba. Yiyo loo nto ingqalelo yehlabathi igxile kweli cala.

Iimpawu azisoloko zimbi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokuphela zize ziphinde zivele emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Kwakhona, ukuba umama okhulelweyo unesifo esi, kukho amathuba okuba kubekho iingxaki ezithile.

Ixhaphake kangakanani isifo se-Oropouche virus?

Le ntsholongwane yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1955. Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwaxelwa malunga namatyala angama-500,000. Ngoko ke, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ehlabathini, oku akuqhelekanga kangako, kodwa kukhawulelwe kwiindawo ezithile kunye nokusasazeka kwazo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-Oropuche virus?

Uninzi lwabantu alubonakalisi zimpawu. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, zingabandakanya:

• Ndiba nomkhuhlane ophezulu .
• Umzimba uziva ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela (iiNqabaka).
• Ndinentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu .
• Intlungu kwizihlunu nasemalungeni (i-arthralgia).
• Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonakala irhashalala elukhumbeni .

Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko , imeko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi. Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu ezifana nezi zinokuvela:

• Isiyezi .
• Kuba nzima ukujonga ukukhanya (`Photophobia`) okanye kukho intlungu emehlweni.
• Kusenokubakho ukudideka okanye utshintsho kwimo yengqondo . Khawuthelekelele uphazamiseka ngequbuliso, okanye uzive nje uphelelwe lithemba.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• Usenokuziva intamo iqinile .

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu zihlala zifana nezo zezifo ezifana ne-dengue. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngaphambi kokuba uye kuzinyanga xa uqalisa ukuba nomkhuhlane.

Yintoni ebangela isifo se-Oropouche virus?

Esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane. Igama laso lesayensi yi-Oropouche orthobunyavirus, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-OROV. Le ntsholongwane yenziwe ngeqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lezinto zofuzo (kule meko, i-RNA) kunye noboya obukhuselayo.

Le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu ikakhulu ngokulunywa ziincukuthu (uhlobo oluthile olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Culicoides paraensis') kunye neentlobo ezithile zeengcongconi. Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifo sisasazeka xa ezi zilwanyana ziluma umntu onentsholongwane zize zilume umntu ophilileyo.

Ingaba intsholongwane ye-oromucosal iyasulela?

Hayi, intsholongwane ye-oromucosal ayosuleli ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Oko kuthetha ukuba awunakuyifumana ngokuthetha nomntu ogulayo, ukuxhawulana, okanye ukuchukumisa isitya okanye ikomityi ayisebenzisileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe, le ntsholongwane inokudluliselwa kumntwana wakho nge-placenta. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana azalwe eneziphene. Ngoko ke, oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke kakhulu ngale nto.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo se-oromucosal virus?

Ixesha elininzi, esi sifo siyaphela ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezinye iingxaki zinokubakho.

• Kunokubakho ukudumba kwengqondo okanye izigqubuthelo zobuchopho . Oku kubizwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-`(encephalitis)` (ukudumba kwengqondo) okanye `(meningitis)` (ukudumba kwezigqubuthelo zobuchopho). Le yimeko embi kakhulu.
• Ukuba umama okhulelweyo unesifo esi, ezi ngozi zilandelayo zinokwanda:
• Kusenokubakho ukuphuphuma kwesisu .
• Kusenokubakho umntwana ozelwe efile .
• Umntwana usenokuba nentloko encinci (i-microcephaly) okanye ezinye izifo zokuzalwa .

Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, musa ukuzityeshela. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ifunyanwa njani intsholongwane ye-Oropouche?

Oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga isifo se-oropharyngeal ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nokuba usenokuba ulunywe sisinambuzane esithwala intsholongwane na. Umzekelo, ukuba usandul' ukuya kwilizwe apho esi sifo sixhaphakileyo khona, olo lulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi okanye ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar ukuze bajonge iimpawu zentsholongwane.

Isifo se-Oropouche sinyangwa njani?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho mayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ngokukodwa kwi-Oropouche virus. Oko kukuthi, akukho mayeza athile anokunikwa ukubulala i-virus.

Unyango lujolise kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu.

• Ungathatha amayeza ekhaya, anjengeparacetamol (igama eliyiTylenol®) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu zomzimba.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu:Musa ukuthatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne-aspirin okanye ezinye ii-NSAID (umz. ibuprofen) ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngugqirha. La mayeza anokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha kwimeko yomkhuhlane wedengue kunye nezinye izifo ezibonisa iimpawu ezifana nezo zomkhuhlane wedengue. Ngoko ke, musa ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana intsholongwane ye-oromucosal?

Abantu abaninzi abasuleleka yintsholongwane ye-oropharyngeal bayaphila kwiveki nje enye ngaphandle kokugula kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, abanye abantu banokubona ukwehla kancinci kweempawu baze babuye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba senyanga.

Ngaba intsholongwane ye-oromucosal ibangela ukufa?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu esibangela ukufa. Ukususela ngomhla ekwafunyanwa ngawo le ntsholongwane ngo-1955, phantse akukho bantu bafayo ngenxa yesi sifo de kwaba ngu-2024. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2024, okokuqala ngqa, kwabikwa ukufa okuliqela ngenxa yale ntsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, lipesenti eliphantsi kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho intsholongwane ye-oropharyngeal ixhaphake khona, okanye uye waya kwenye, kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukhulelwe . Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukunika iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunayo.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(meningitis)` (ukudumba kwesigqubuthelo sobuchopho) okanye `(encephalitis)` (ukudumba kobuchopho), yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya okanye intlungu eqatha emehlweni.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuhlanza okungapheliyo.
• Imeko yokudideka okanye utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwimeko yengqondo.
• Ukuqina kwentamo okanye ukungakwazi ukujika intamo nentloko.

Ezi azizompawu zokudlala. Kufuneka unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ukrokrela okanye uqinisekisiwe ukuba unentsholongwane ye-oropharyngeal, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngawaphi amayeza akhuselekileyo endinokuwasela ekhaya?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezinzulu ekufuneka ndizixhalabele?
• Ndingaphinda ndifumane esi sifo?
• Ngaba usapho lwam luyakwazi ukuyifumana le nto? (Ngoku siyazi ukuba impendulo yale nto ngu "hayi", kodwa kulungile ukuqiniseka).

Ngaba isifo se-oromucosal virus singathintelwa?

Ewe, unako! Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwintsholongwane ye-oromucosal kukuphepha ukulunywa zizinambuzane. Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze wenze oku:

• Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane. Khetha izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane ezibhalisiweyo ze-EPA eziqulethe izithako ezifana ne-DEET. Ezi zinceda ekugxotheni iingcongconi kunye neenkowane.
• Xa ungaphandle, ingakumbi ebusuku (xa izinambuzane zikuluma kakhulu), nxiba impahla egquma umzimba wakho. Nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde, iihempe ezinemikhono emide, kunye neekawusi.
• Susa naziphi na iindawo apho amanzi anokuqokelelwa khona. Iibhakethi, iibhareli, iibhafu zeentaka, kunye namatayara amadala zonke zinokuqokelela amanzi. Kwakhona, zalisa nayiphi na imigxobhozo ebaleni lakho enokuba igcina amanzi. Ezi ziindawo zokuzalela iingcongconi.
• Ukuba ikhaya lakho linezikrini kwiifestile zalo, khangela imingxunya uze uyilungise. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, gcina iifestile neengcango zivaliwe. Izikrini zeefestile mazibe `zincinci` ezinemingxuma emincinci kangangokuba neembovane azikwazi ukungena.
• Ukuba ukwindawo apho intsholongwane ye-oromucosal ixhaphake khona, sebenzisa inethi encinci ejikeleze indawo yakho yokulala ebusuku.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe, kuphephe ukuya kwiindawo apho intsholongwane ye-oropharyngeal ixhaphake khona kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nangona kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika xa usiva ngentsholongwane entsha, intsholongwane i-Oropouche ibikho kwiindawo ezithile zase-United States amashumi eminyaka. Uninzi lwabantu aluguli kakhulu ngenxa yayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa isasazeka kwiindawo apho ingazange ibe khona ngaphambili, inokwenza iindaba ezinkulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela ekulunyweni zizinambuzane. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uhamba kwindawo entsha. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-oropharyngeal herpes, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika ulwalathiso olufunekayo. Hlala ukhumbula, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uneempawu kunokuzinyanga.

Intsholongwane ye- Oropouche, umkhuhlane, iingcongconi, iintwala, iimpawu, uthintelo