Ingaba i-aorta yentliziyo yomntwana wakho ikwindawo eyahlukileyo? Masifunde ngale (I-Aorta Engaphezulu)!

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bethu abancinci bafika kweli hlabathi benotshintsho oluncinci ezintliziyweni zabo. Kuqhelekile ukuba wena, njengomama okanye utata, uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa usiva into enjalo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kuba namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Overriding Aorta", esisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Siza kuthetha ngezinto ezininzi ngokulula, njengokuthi yintoni kanye kanye le nto, kutheni yenzeka, zithini iimpawu, kwaye zeziphi iindlela zonyango. Ukuba uziqonda kakuhle ezi zinto, kuya kukunika amandla amaninzi okubonelela ngonyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.

Yintoni le `(I-Aorta Engaphezulu)`? Masiyiqonde ngokulula, akunjalo?

Kulungile, masiqale sibone ukuba yintoni le `(Overriding Aorta)`. Ngamafutshane, le yimithambo yegazi ephambili entliziyweni yomntwana wethu, i-aorta, ekwindawo eyahlukileyo kancinci kunaleyo ifanele ukuba kuyo.

Ngoku khangela, entliziyweni esempilweni eqhelekileyo, lo mthambo mkhulu `(Aorta)` ufumaneka kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo, oko kukuthi, uqhagamshelwe kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. Uyazi ukuba yintoni? Kulapho igazi elicocekileyo nelicebileyo ngeoksijini elivela emiphungeni linokusasazwa khona emzimbeni wonke. Nguwo lowo umsebenzi walo ophambili.

Kodwa kwimeko ye-`(Overriding Aorta)`, le aorta ikwindawo engaphezulu kodonga phakathi kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo neyasekunene yentliziyo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`Ventricular Septum`), okanye ngaphezulu komngxuma kolo donga (`Ventricular Septal Defect` okanye i-VSD). Khawuthelekelele, okwenzekayo apha kufana nokuseta ipayipi yamanzi kwitanki engalunganga.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa yoku? Icala lasekunene lentliziyo lineoksijini encinci, oko kuthetha ukuba iphelile, igazi "elingcolileyo" kancinci. Ngenxa yokuba loo mngxuma (`VSD`) kunye ne-aorta ikwindawo engafanelekanga, elinye lala gazi lingena kwi-aorta lize lixubane negazi elijikeleza umzimba wonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani beoksijini egazini efikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntwana buyancipha. Le yingxaki ephambili.

Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi koku kunye nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Tetralogy of Fallot)`?

Ukudlula i-Aorta ayisiyonto idla ngokuvela yodwa. Yenye yezona mpawu zine ziphambili zesifo sentliziyo esintsonkothileyo esibizwa ngokuba yiTetralogy of Fallot . Igama elithi "Tetralogy" lithetha ezine. Ngoko ke, kule meko, iingxaki ezine ezinkulu zentliziyo zibonwa kunye:

1. `(Igqitha i-Aorta)`: I-aorta esisandula ukuthetha ngayo ikwindawo engafanelekanga.

2. I-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo asekhohlo nasekunene. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi elineoksijini eninzi lixubane negazi elingenaoksijini.

3. I-Pulmonary Stenosis: Umthambo we-pulmonary, othwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo ukuya emiphungeni, uyavaleka okanye ivalvu yawo, engavuli kakuhle, inciphisa inani legazi eliya emiphungeni.

4. Ukujiya kweendonga ze-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo (`Right Ventricular Hypertrophy`):Ngenxa yokuba loo mthambo wemiphunga uvaliwe, i-ventricle yasekunene kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Njengokuba izicubu zemisipha zikhula xa uzilolonga, iindonga zale ventricle ziyaqina ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Khawucinge nje, kungathi akukho donga phakathi kwendawo yokutshaya nendawo engatshayiyo kwindawo yokutyela. Emva koko umsi uhamba ngokulula ukusuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye, kwaye akukho mntu uziva kakuhle. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kule meko `(Tetralogy of Fallot)`. Igazi elinomthamo ophantsi weoksijini kunye negazi elinomthamo ophezulu weoksijini ziyaxubana.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko (i-Overriding Aorta)?

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Tetralogy of Fallot", equka "i-Overriding Aorta," ibonakala ngokwezibalo kancinci kwiintsana ezingamaduna kunakwiintsana ezingamantombazana.

Kwakhona, iintsana ezineengxaki ezithile ze-chromosome, ezifana ne -Down syndrome, zinamathuba amaninzi okuphuhlisa i-Tetralogy of Fallot. Le ngxaki yentliziyo inokubonwa nakwezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana ne-Apert syndrome kunye ne-Williams syndrome.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kuthiwa malunga nosana olunye kwi-100 ezizalwayo emhlabeni lunokuba nohlobo oluthile lwesiphene sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Xa ujonga ngolo hlobo, malunga ne-10% yaloo bantwana baneziphene zentliziyo, oko kukuthi, malunga nosana olunye kwi-3,000 olusandul’ ukuzalwa, lunokuba nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Tetralogy of Fallot)`, equka i-`(Overriding Aorta)`. Ngoko ke, oku akuqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa yimeko ebonwa rhoqo ngoogqirha.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Ayizizo zonke iintsana ezineTetralogy of Fallot ezineempawu ezifanayo. Ezinye zinokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba neempawu ezinzima. Uhlobo lwezi mpawu luxhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni ingakanani na imithambo yegazi yemiphunga evalekileyo. Oko kukuthi, lingakanani igazi eliya emiphungeni. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi mpawu zinokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iimpawu ezincinci

Abanye abantwana banokubonisa iimpawu ezincinci ezifana nezi:

• Umbala wolusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (`Cyanosis`): Lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonakala kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nemilebe, ulwimi, kunye neenzipho. Oku kungenxa yokuncipha komthamo weoksijini egazini.
• Ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza: Umntwana wakho usenokubonakala edinwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokudlala okanye ukuncancisa.
• Ukuphefumla nzima: Usenokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla, ingakumbi xa usebenza nzima.
• Iingxaki zokuthanda ukutya nokutyeba: Umntwana usenokungatyi kakuhle aze angatyebi.

Iimpawu Ezinzima kunye `(Ii-Tet Spells)`

Ngamanye amaxesha, amanqanaba eoksijini yomntwana ayehla ngequbuliso, nto leyo ebangela "ii-Tet spells".Imeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-tet spell inokwenzeka. Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso, kuthathe imizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Khawuthelekelele umntwana edlala aze ngequbuliso atshintshe abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aze abe nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Iimpawu ezinzima ezifana nezi zinokubonakala ngexesha le-Tet spells:

• Ulusu lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngequbuliso.
• Uziva udiniwe kakhulu, ngokungathi umzimba wakho uyaphela.
• Ukuquleka kusenokubakho.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Umntwana usenokuqala ukukhala ngequbuliso aze aphelelwe ngamandla.

Emva kokwenza "i-Tet spell" ngolu hlobo, umntwana angalala ixesha elide. Ezi "Tet spell" zimeko efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Kutheni kukho iimeko ezifana ne-"Overriding Aorta"?

Enyanisweni, uninzi lwexesha, kunzima ukufumana isizathu esithile seziphene ezinjalo xa intliziyo yomntwana ikhula esibelekweni. Oko kukuthi, unobangela awucaci ('izizathu ezingaziwayo'). Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ukuba malunga ne-25% yeentsana ezinale meko `(Tetralogy of Fallot)` (equka `(Overriding Aorta)`) zineziphene ezithile zokuzalwa okanye iingxaki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wazo .

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko (i-Overriding Aorta)?

Kwangoko nje umntwana wakho ezelwe, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi esibhedlele baza kujonga impilo yomntwana. Kwangaxeshanye, baza kuqwalasela ngokukodwa naziphi na iingxaki ezikwintliziyo.

• I-Pulse Oximetry: I-sensor encinci ibekwa engalweni okanye emlenzeni womntwana ukulinganisa ubungakanani be-oksijini egazini. Amanqanaba e-oksijini aphantsi anokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo. Olu luvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu.
• Ukumbombozela Kwentliziyo: Xa ugqirha emamele intliziyo yomntwana nge-stethoscope, ukuba kukho imeko efana ne-"Overriding Aorta", isandi esahlukileyo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-"heart murmur" , sinokuvakala ukongeza kwintliziyo eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izimbombozela eziyingozi, kodwa kule meko, luphawu olubalulekileyo.

Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa

Ukuba kukho ezi mpawu zingasentla, oogqirha baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuqinisekisa imeko kunye nokufumanisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwengxaki yentliziyo:

• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Ingabona ngokucacileyo yonke into ukususela kwisakhiwo sentliziyo, ukusebenza kweevalvu, indlela igazi elihamba ngayo, ubungakanani be-VSD, kunye nendawo ye-aorta. Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili lokufumanisa i-Tetralogy of Fallot.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Le irekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Iyakwazi ukubona izinto ezifana namagumbi entliziyo akhulisiweyo kunye neengxaki zesingqisho.
• I-X-ray yesifuba:Oku kunokunika umbono wezinto ezinje ngobukhulu kunye nokuma kwentliziyo kunye nokuba ubungakanani begazi eliya emiphungeni lincinci kakhulu okanye likhulu kakhulu.
• I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan okanye i-MRI scan yentliziyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.
• Ukufakwa kweCatheter kwiCardiac Catheterization: Kule meko, ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi ekwisinqe okanye engalweni yomntwana ukuya entliziyweni, apho uxinzelelo olungaphakathi entliziyweni lulinganiswa khona, amanqanaba eoksijini ajongwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufakwa idayi kwaye kuthathwe imifanekiso ye-X-ray. Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuhloleni ngokuchanekileyo imeko yentliziyo ngaphambi kotyando.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ukujonga izinto ezifana nenqanaba leoksijini egazini kunye nobungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi (iHemoglobin).

Iphathwa njani le meko `(i-Overriding Aorta)`?

Unyango olungcono noluhlala luhleli lwale meko (iTetralogy of Fallot) lutyando lokulungisa zonke iziphene ezine entliziyweni. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa njengotyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo .

• Ixesha lotyando: Kwiimeko ezininzi, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba olu tyando lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe neenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, okanye kunyaka wokuqala . Kukho amaxesha apho lunokwenziwa kwangethuba kwabanye abantwana, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana.
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?: Ugqirha uvala umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kweeventricle (VSD) nge-patch ekhethekileyo. Ukwasusa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yemiphunga kunye nevalvu, evumela igazi ukuba lihambe kakuhle. Xa ezi zinto zilungisiwe, ingxaki ye-aorta engaphezulu kunye nokuqina kweventricle yasekunene kuyasonjululwa.
• I-Outral Shunt: Ezinye iintsana zincinci kakhulu, okanye imithambo yazo yemiphunga incinci kakhulu, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukwenza utyando olupheleleyo ngoko nangoko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wotyando unokufaka i-shunt okwethutyana. Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha isebe kwi-aorta yomntwana okanye kwenye imithambo emikhulu aze ayidibanise nemithambo yemiphunga. Oku kwandisa inani legazi eliya emiphungeni, kubonelela ngokukhululeka de umntwana abe mdala kancinci kwaye utyando olupheleleyo lunokwenziwa.

Oogqirha bebesenza olu tyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo ukunyanga iTetralogy of Fallot ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950, ngoko ke yinkqubo esele imiselwe kakuhle kwicandelo lezonyango.

Iintlobo zamachiza asetyenziswayo

Ukongeza kotyando, amanye amayeza asetyenziswa ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuthintela iingxaki:

• Amayeza e-Beta-blocker (umz. iPropranolol): La mayeza anceda ekuthinteleni ukuba ii-Tet spells eziyingozi zingabikho kwaye anciphise ubukhali bazo ukuba ziyenzeka.
• I-Diuretics: Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ulwelo olungeyomfuneko emzimbeni kwaye zinciphise uxinzelelo entliziyweni (kwiimeko ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo).
• `(Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane)` (Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane):Iintsana ezinesifo sentliziyo esilolu hlobo zisengozini yokufumana usulelo lwengaphakathi lentliziyo (`Infective Endocarditis`), ingakumbi ngexesha leenkqubo ezithile zonyango ezifana nokukhupha amazinyo. Ke ngoko, eli yeza linikwa ukuthintela usulelo olunjalo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngonyango?

Nokuba utyando luphumelele, ezinye iingxaki zinokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

• Xa belungisa iTetralogy of Fallot, oogqirha benza ivalvu yemiphunga ibe bhetyebhetye kancinci, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi banokuva igazi elincinci livuza ngasemva ngaloo valve (pulmonary regurgitation).
• Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo (i-arrhythmias).
• Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuvuza kwevalvu kuyanda, kubeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba loo ndawo ikhule, kwaye inokukhokelela nasekungasebenzini kwentliziyo.
• Kwiminyaka emva kotyando, izinto ezifana ne-aorta eyandisiweyo (ukwanda kweengcambu ze-aortic) okanye ivalvu ye-tricuspid evuzayo zinokwenzeka. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unokufuna utyando olongezelelweyo okanye olunye unyango. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa rhoqo.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu zomntwana de kube lutyando?

De kube lugqityiwe utyando, oogqirha baya kwenza oku kulandelayo ukulawula iimpawu zomntwana nokunika umntwana intuthuzelo:

• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, nika amayeza entliziyo (umz., ii-beta-blockers).
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ufumana ulwelo olwaneleyo kunye nesondlo esaneleyo.
• Jonga amanqanaba e-hemoglobin egazini rhoqo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, nika isiraphu ene-iron (ukuthintela i-anemia).
• Ziphephe izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kumntwana, njengokulila ixesha elide.
• Ukuba kukho "i-tet spell", ukubamba amadolo omntwana kufutshane nesifuba sakhe ("indawo yedolo nesifuba") kunokunceda. Ugqirha wakho uza kukufundisa indlela yokwenza oku.

Ngaba umngcipheko wokuba oku kwenzeke ungancitshiswa?

Nangona kungaziwa ukuba yintoni ebangela isifo sentliziyo kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba impilo kamama nendlela aphila ngayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa inokusichaphazela. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe nesifo sentliziyo:

• Ukuba nesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kumama, utata, okanye elinye ilungu losapho.
• Umama utshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Umama ufumana usulelo olufana ne-"Rubella" (i-German measles) kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.
• Umama unesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo.
• Ukusela amayeza athile (umz., amanye amayeza okuxhuzula) kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kukamama.
• Ukunqongophala kokutya ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ubudala bomama obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ngoko ke, ukuze kuncitshiswe lo mngcipheko ekukhulelweni kwixesha elizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unyamekele impilo yakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, ulawule iimeko zempilo ezikhoyo (ezifana nesifo seswekile), uphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya notywala, kwaye ungasebenzisi naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha wakho. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo, kuya kuba bubulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kumcebisi wezofuzo.

Luhlobo luni lwekamva olunokulindeleka kumntwana one-`(Overriding Aorta)`?

Oku kusenokuvakala kusoyikisa kuwe, kodwa inyani yile, uninzi lweentsana luqhubeka luphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusempilweni emva kotyando.

• Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeentsana eziye zatyandwa ngempumelelo iTetralogy of Fallot (equka i-Overriding Aorta) zikhula kakuhle kwaye ziphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo babantu abadala. Ziya esikolweni, zidlale, zisebenze, kwaye zineentsapho. Ezinye ziphila ubomi obusempilweni zize zibe neminyaka engama-70 kunye nengama-80.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba utyando alwenziwanga, imeko iyingozi. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, iimpawu ziya kuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, zinciphise ixesha lokuphila kwakho. Usenokungaphili ude ube neminyaka engama-20 ubudala.

Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubonelela ngonyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Indlela yokunyamekela umntwana emva kotyando?

Xa uzisa umntwana wakho ekhaya emva kotyando, unoxanduva olukhulu.

• Ukutyelela rhoqo emva konyango: Umntwana wakho uya kufuna ukutyelela rhoqo emva konyango lwentliziyo lwabantwana. Ezi zisenokuba rhoqo ekuqaleni, zize emva koko zibe rhoqo. Musa ukuziphosa.
• Ukukhusela kwizifo zokuphefumla: Abantwana abaye benza utyando lwentliziyo olufana nolu banokufumana izifo zokuphefumla, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane kunye nefiva. Ukuba isifo esinjalo sivela, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ii-antibiotics: Oogqirha banokucebisa ii-antibiotics ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ezinye iinkqubo zamazinyo okanye ezinye iintlobo ezincinci zotyando ukuthintela usulelo lwentliziyo (endocarditis). Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
• Isondlo Nokukhula: Nyamekela ukondleka nokukhula komntwana wakho.
• Imisebenzi: Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemisebenzi kunye nemidlalo anokuyenza. Uninzi lwexesha, unokwenza yonke into ngokuqhelekileyo.

Njengoko sikhula, iingxaki ezintsha zentliziyo zinokuvela, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nolu vavanyo lweengcali zentliziyo nokuba sele sikhulile.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha okanye umse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezintsha.
• Ukuba ulusu lwakho, imilebe, nolwimi lwakho lubonakala lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Ukuba unomdla wokusela ubisi okanye ukutya ukutya.
• Ukuba ubonakala udinwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER)?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-"Tet spell" enzima, oko kuthetha ukuba ngequbuliso ujika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye sele eza kufa, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye umse kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Apho, unokunikwa ioksijini kunye/okanye amayeza anjenge-"Morphine" ukulawula imeko.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ngexesha elinje, usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto:

• Ngaba ndifanele ndimthintele umntwana wam kwimidlalo okanye kwezinye izinto azenzayo?
• Umntwana wam kufuneka eze kangaphi ukuze ahlolwe?
• Ngaba umntwana wam uza kufuna olunye utyando? Ukuba kunjalo, nini?
• Zithini iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide onokuzilindela? Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela ezo ngxaki?
• Ngawaphi amayeza afanele anikwe umntwana? Afanele anikwe ixesha elingakanani? Ngaba aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo esifuna ukuzithatha kweli bali zezi

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-Overriding Aorta kunye ne-Tetralogy of Fallot. Mhlawumbi uziva uxinezelekile kakhulu ngoku. Kodwa, khumbula ezi zinto:

• I-Overriding Aorta sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso esibizwa ngokuba yiTetralogy of Fallot. Oku kwenzeka xa i-aorta yomntwana ingalungelelananga kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi elingenaoksijini lihambe emzimbeni wonke.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukudinwa, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye 'ne-tet spells' eyingozi.
• Le meko inganyangeka ngempumelelo ngotyando. Oogqirha bebesenza olu tyando ngempumelelo kakhulu kangangeminyaka emininzi.
• Emva kotyando, iintsana ezininzi ziphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Kukho oogqirha abanobuchule, abahlengikazi, kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo abanokukunceda nokukukhokela wena nomntwana wakho. Ngoko ke yiba nesibindi.

Ukuba usana lwakho olusandul’ ukuzalwa lulinde utyando, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha kunye nabasebenzi bomongikazi ngezinto onokuzenza ukunceda usana lwakho ngexesha lenkqubo, kunye nento omawuyenze xa kuvela "i-tet spell". Olo lwazi luya kuba luncedo olukhulu kuwe.

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