Ngaba une-parasite? (Ii-parasites) Masifunde ngayo - Nirogi Lanka

Ngaba ukhe uzive ngathi kukho into engalunganga—mhlawumbi ingxaki yesisu engapheliyo, okanye ukudinwa okungachazekiyo? Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi mpawu zibangelwa zizinto ezincinci nezinengxaki ezihlala emzimbeni wakho, ezaziwa ngokuba ziiparasite. Apha eNirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukunceda uqonde okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho. Nceda ungoyiki; masiqwalasele oku kunye ukuze ufumane unyango olufunayo.

Zithini kanye kanye iiParasites?

Ngamafutshane, i-parasite sisidalwa esiphila kwenye okanye ngaphakathi kwesinye isidalwa (esaziwa ngokuba yi-host) kwaye siphile ngokuthatha izondlo kuso. Nangona i-parasite ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumninimzi ukuze yondle kwaye ikhule, ngelishwa ibangela umonakalo kule nkqubo. Okubangela umdla kukuba, kuba ezi zinambuzane zixhomekeke kumninimzi wazo ukuze ziphile, azifane zizibulale. Nangona kunjalo, zinokubangela imiba eyahlukeneyo yempilo, eminye yayo enokuba yingozi ebomini.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-parasite ingena emzimbeni wakho?

Xa i-parasite ihleli emzimbeni wakho, ikhula ngeendleko zakho ngokuba amandla akho, yonakalise izicubu zakho, okanye ikhuphe ityhefu emzimbeni wakho njengoko ikhula kwaye izala.

Ziziphi Iintlobo Eziphambili ZeeParasites?

Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zeeparasite ezichaphazela kakhulu abantu:

1. Ii-Ectoparasites

Ezi zinto eziphilayo zihlala ngaphandle komzi, ngokuqhelekileyo phezu kolusu. Zihlala zisebenza njengeevektha, oko kuthetha ukuba zidlulisela izifo phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu okanye ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, rhoqo ngokutya igazi.

Cinga ngale mizekelo:

• Iintakumba: Izinambuzane ezincinci ezingenamaphiko ezaziwa ngokuba namandla okutsiba amangalisayo. Zidlulisela izifo ngokulunywa okanye ngokuginywa ngengozi.
• Iintwala (Intloko kunye nePubic): Izinambuzane ezincinci, ezithe tyaba, ezingenamaphiko. Iintwala zentloko zihlasela intloko, ngelixa iintwala zepubic (iinkala) zihlala ezinweleni kwindawo yesini. Ezi zisasazeka ngokudibana kwabantu, ukwenza isondo, okanye ukwabelana ngezinto zobuqu ezifana neebhedi, imiqamelo, kunye neetawuli.
• Iincukuthu: Izidalwa ezincinci, ezinemilenze esibhozo, ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwemilimitha enye. Ezinye iintlobo zibangela ukhwekhwe , imeko ebonakaliswa kukurhawuzelela okukhulu.
• Iintakumba: Iincukuthu ezinemilenze esibhozo ezigrumba eluswini ukuze zitye. Zihlala zingenabuhlungu, zihlala zifumaneka engceni ende okanye kwiindawo ezinemithi.

2. IiHelminths

Ezi ziimpethu ezidla ngokuhlala kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya (GI) . Zinokukhula kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukusuka kwi-microscopic ukuya kwi-meter ubude.

Ii-helminths ezichaphazela abantu ziquka:

• IiFlukes (iiTrematodes): Iiflaturms zihlala zisasazeka ngamanzi angcolileyo okanye zitya iinkumba, iinkala, okanye iintlanzi ezineentsholongwane. Zinokosulela igazi, isinyi, isibindi, imiphunga, okanye amathumbu.
• Iimpethu ezibizwa ngokuba ziitapeworms (Cestodes): Iimpethu ezinde, ezithe tyaba ezihlala emathunjini, zifunxa izondlo ekutyeni okutyayo. Zizala ngokubeka amaqanda adluliselwa kwindle. Usulelo ludla ngokuvela ngokutya okungcolisiweyo okanye inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Iimpethu ezingqukuva (Nematodes): Iincukuthu ezincinci ezihlala emathunjini kwaye zihlala zisasazeka ngokudibana nomhlaba okanye indle eyosulelekileyo.

3. Iiprotozoa

Ezi zizidalwa ezineseli enye , ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni. Zingahlala emathunjini akho, egazini, okanye kwizicubu zomzimba. Zisasazeka ngokutya/amanzi angcolileyo, ukudibana ngqo, okanye ukulunywa zizinambuzane.

Iingcali ziyazihlela ngokwendlela ezihamba ngayo. Iindidi eziphambili ziquka:

• IiAmoebas: Zihamba usebenzisa izakhiwo zexeshana ezibizwa ngokuba ziipseudopods. Umzekelo, iEntamoeba histolytica ibangela isifo segazi .
• IiCiliates: Sebenzisa izakhiwo ezifana neenwele (cilia) ukuhambisa nokutya. I-Balantidium coli lolona hlobo luphambili oluchaphazela abantu, lukwabangela ne-dysentery.
• Iiflagellates: hamba usebenzisa imisila efana neswhip (flagella). I-Giardia intestinalis ibangela i-giardiasis , ngelixa i-Trypanosoma brucei ibangela isicaphucaphu sokulala .
• IiSporozoans (iiApicomplexans): Azihambi xa sele zikhulile. Ziquka iPlasmodium (ebangela imalariya ) kunye neCryptosporidium (ebangela i-cryptosporidiosis ).

Ziqheleke Kangakanani Iintsholongwane Ezibangelwa ZiiParasitic?

Usulelo lwezifunxi-gazi luxhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, luchaphazela izigidi zabantu. Abantu abaninzi ababonakalisi zimpawu kwaye abazi ukuba banesifo, ngelixa abanye benokuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzima nezichaphazela ubomi babo.

Ungazibona Njani Ukuba UneParasite? Zithini Iimpawu?

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeparasite, iimpawu zingahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo onokuthi uzibone ziquka:

• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo
• Ukwanda komnqweno wokutya
• Iintlungu zemisipha
• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukungalali
• Ukudinwa
• Ubuthathaka
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba usenokuba ne-parasite ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu kwaphela. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimpawu zinokubonakala kuphela emva kwexesha elithile emva kokosuleleka kokuqala. Ngaphezu koko, ungadlulisela i-parasite komnye umntu ngokungazi, nangona wena ungenazo iimpawu.

Imithombo eqhelekileyo yosulelo lwezibungu ngokutya

Usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokosuleleka ukuba utya:

• Inyama nentlanzi eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Iziqhamo nemifuno engahlanjwanga okanye engaphekwanga.
• Izityalo eziluhlaza ezisekelwe emanzini (umz., izityalo ezithile zasemanzini).
• Ubisi kunye nejusi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane.

Ufumana njani usulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane?

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lwe-parasites ziquka:

• Ukuchitha ixesha kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo apho kukho iintsholongwane ezininzi.
• Ukuvezwa emanzini, emhlabeni, egazini, okanye kwindle engcolileyo.
• Ukungazihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuba utye okanye usele.
• Ukungabikho kococeko olufanelekileyo lomntu.
• Ukuba nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.
• Ukulunywa zizinambuzane ezineentsholongwane.
• Ukunxibelelana ngokwesondo.

Ifunyanwa njani i-parasite?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unosulelo, ugqirha wakho waseNirogi Lanka unokubuza le mibuzo ilandelayo:

• "Ziqale nini ezi mpawu?"
• "Ingaba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, okanye ziyafika zidlule?"
• "Ngaba kukho umntu osondeleyo naye, njengosapho okanye abahlobo, oye waba neempawu ezifanayo?"
• "Ngaba ukhe waya naphi na kutshanje?"
• "Ngaba uhlala kufutshane neendawo ezinemithi okanye ezinengca eninzi?"
• "Ngaba izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya zichitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle?"
• "Ngaba ukhe watya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle kutshanje?"
• "Ngaba usela ubisi okanye iimveliso zejusi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane?"

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile:

Uvavanyo lomzimba

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba ukujonga iimpawu zokurhawuzelelwa, ukulunywa zizinambuzane, okanye amaqhakuva. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-parasite, ubungqina bunokubonakala eluswini lwakho, entlokweni, okanye empahleni.

Uvavanyo lwendle / Ukuphuhliswa kwendle

Oku kusetyenziselwa ukubona iintsholongwane zamathumbu. Kusenokufuneka unikezele ngeesampuli ezininzi zendle kangangeentsuku ezininzi ukuze zihlolwe kwilebhu ukuze kubonwe ukuba zikhona iintsholongwane okanye amaqanda azo.

I-Enteroscopy okanye iColonoscopy

Ukuba isampuli yendle ayifumaneki ngokupheleleyo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-enteroscopy okanye i-colonoscopy. Ngexesha lezi nkqubo, kusetyenziswa ityhubhu ende, eguquguqukayo enekhamera (i-endoscope) ukuhlola indlela yakho yokugaya ukutya. I-enteroscopy ifikelela emathunjini amancinci ngomlomo, ngelixa i-colonoscopy ihlola amathumbu amakhulu nge-rectum. Ezi zenziwa yingcali, i-gastroenterologist.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ezinye iiparasite zinokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa igazi. Ugqirha wakho angenza oku kulandelayo:

• I-Blood smear: Ithontsi legazi lakho lihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope.
• I-Serology: Oku kuhlola igazi lakho ukuba alinazo na ii-antibodies okanye ii-antigens ezinxulumene neeparasite ezithile. Ii-antibodies ziiproteni eziveliswa ngumzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo, ngelixa ii-antigens zizinto zangaphandle ezibangela inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba.

Uvavanyo lokufota

Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela izilonda emathunjini akho. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa ii-X-ray, ii-MRI, okanye ii-CT scans ukuvavanya umonakalo wangaphakathi.

Zinyangwa njani iintsholongwane?

Unyango lwenzelwe uhlobo oluthile lwe-parasite echongiweyo. Ugqirha wakho angakunika oku kulandelayo:

• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane
• Ii-antibiotics
• Iishampu ezinonyango (umz., zeentwala)
• Izithambiso zokuthambisa

Inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukulandela ngokungqongqo isicwangciso sonyango sikagqirha wakho. Ukungagqibi yonke ikhosi yamayeza kunokubangela ukuba usulelo luphinde lubuyele esiqhelweni.

Kwizifunxi-gazi zangaphandle (ezifana neentwala, iintakumba, okanye ii-tick), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zococeko:

• Ukuhlamba kakuhle ngesepha.
• Ukuhlamba iimpahla, izinto zokulala, kunye neetawuli ngamanzi ashushu.
• Ukucoca iikhaphethi, oomatrasi, kunye nefenitshala, kunye nokulahla ingxowa yokucoca kwisitya sangaphandle ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni enye onokuyenza ukuze ulahle iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza?

Kunye nonyango olumiselweyo, ukuxhasa amasosha omzimba wakho kubalulekile ekuncedeni umzimba wakho ucoce iintsholongwane ngempumelelo. Ungakufezekisa oku ngokutya okunesondlo kunye nezongezo ezifanelekileyo. Soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naziphi na izongezo ezintsha okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba azichaphazeli amayeza akho angoku.

Ukutya okulandelayo kunye nezongezo zinokukunceda ukuxhasa indlela yakho yokugaya ukutya ekulweni okanye ekuthinteleni ukukhula kwe-parasite:

• Iibhithi
• Iikherothi
• Ukutya okunefayibha eninzi
• Igalikhi eluhlaza
• Ubusi obucocekileyo
• Imbewu yethanga
• Iiprobiotics
• Iienzymes zokugaya ukutya
• Ivithamini C
• Izinki

Ukongeza, ukuhlala unamanzi aneleyo ngokusela amanzi amaninzi kubalulekile ekuhlambeni umzimba wakho.

Ngaba iintsholongwane ziyaphela zodwa?

Nangona ezinye izifo ezincinci ezibangelwa zizinambuzane zinokuphela ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela enamandla kwaye utya ukutya okunempilo, kufuneka uhlale uqhagamshelana nogqirha ukuba urhanela ukuba kukho isifo. Ukuxilongwa ngobuchwephesha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo kwabanye.

Yintoni omele uyilindele ukuba une-parasite?

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo lwe-parasite echongiweyo. Ngokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwezigulane luyaphila ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukushiya usulelo lunganyangwanga kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kunye nokwanda kweempawu zempilo.

Ungazithintela njani izifo ezibangelwa zizinambuzane?

Landela la manyathelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wosulelo lwe-parasites:

• Ziqhelise ucoceko lwezandla: Hlamba izandla zakho ngamanzi acocekileyo nesepha phambi kokutya, emva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza okanye intlanzi, nasemva kokuba unxibe indle (umz., ukutshintsha iinapile okanye ukucoca izilwanyana zasekhaya).
• Gcina ucoceko lomntu: Ukuhlamba rhoqo ngesepha namanzi afudumeleyo, ukuqaphela iinwele, imiphetho yesikhumba, kunye neendawo zangasese, kubalulekile.
• Sela amanzi acocekileyo: Ukuba umthombo wamanzi awuqinisekanga, sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni okanye ubilise amanzi akho ubuncinane umzuzu omnye ngaphambi kokuba uwapholise uze uwasebenzise.
• Pheka ukutya kakuhle: Pheka inyama nentlanzi rhoqo ngokweqondo lobushushu elicetyiswayo ngaphakathi.
• Coca izinto zakho rhoqo: Hlamba impahla, izinto zokulala, kunye neetawuli rhoqo ngamanzi ashushu uze uzomise kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu.
• Zikhusele kwizinambuzane: Xa ukwiindawo ezinemithi okanye ezinengca, nxiba iihempe ezineemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde. Sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane esine-DEET kulusu oluvezwe elubala kunye neempahla.
• Yenza uhlolo lomzimba: Emva kwemisebenzi yangaphandle, jonga umzimba wakho (kuquka intloko yakho, isinqe, nangasemva kwamalungu) ukuba awunazo na iimpukane okanye ezinye izinambuzane.
• Jonga izilwanyana zasekhaya zakho: Nxibelelana nogqirha wezilwanyana malunga nemveliso efanelekileyo yokuthintela iintsholongwane kwizilwanyana zasekhaya zakho kwaye usebenzise iikama ezinamazinyo amancinci ukujonga ukuba azinazo na izinambuzane.
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo: Sebenzisa iikhondom rhoqo, ezinceda ekuthinteleni ukudluliselwa kweentsholongwane ezifana ne- *Trichomonas vaginalis*, imbangela yeTrichomoniasis .

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha okanye ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unentsholongwane ebangela iintsholongwane, okanye ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka emva konyango, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, funa unyango olukhawulezileyo kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ED) elikufutshane.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo kugqirha wakho

• "Luhlobo luni lwe-parasite endinalo?"
• "Ndingayifumana njani le ntsholongwane?"
• "Ngaba ndinazo iimpawu ezibonisa isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane?"
• "Ucebisa luphi unyango?"
• "Ndingenza ntoni ukuba iimpawu zam aziphucuki?"
• "Ndingakuthintela njani ukusasazwa koku kwabanye?"

Kuqhelekile ukuziva ukhathazekile xa ufumanisa ukuba une-parasite, kodwa nceda wazi ukuba oku akuthethi ukuba wenze into engalunganga. Ii-parasite ezininzi zisasazeka kakhulu kwaye zisasazeka lula. Ukuba uhlangabezana neempawu, beka phambili ukufumana uxilongo lobuchwephesha kunye nonyango ngeNirogi Lanka. Soloko ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokusondeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyaphila kwaye ukhusele abo bakungqongileyo.

Isishwankathelo: Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe kwingxoxo yethu yanamhlanje, ungabona ukuba nangona iintsholongwane zincinci, zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubeka phambili ucoceko, uqaphele indlela olungiselela kwaye utya ngayo ukutya kwakho, kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uzive ungaphili kakuhle.Akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka; uninzi lwezifo ezibangelwa zizinambuzane ziyanyangeka xa ziphathwa ngendlela eyiyo. Ukukhumbula la manqaku kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho neyentsapho yakho yonke, eziswe kuwe yiNirogi Lanka.

Amagama angundoqo: iiparasites, usulelo, iintshulube, ii-ectoparasites, iimpawu, unyango, uthintelo