Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci ungumntu okrwada? Akanikeli ngqalelo? Masithethe nge-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)!

Xa usebenzisana nomntwana wakho, ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzibuze, 'Kutheni engumntu ongcolileyo kangaka? Kutheni engahlali kwindawo enye? Kutheni ungandiphulaphuli?' Kuqhelekile ukucinga ngaloo ndlela. Kodwa ukuba ezi zinto zenzeka rhoqo, kwaye ukuba zichaphazela umsebenzi wesikolo womntwana wakho, umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye ubudlelwane bakhe nabahlobo, isenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD. Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Yintoni i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)?

Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD sisifinyezo se- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . Le yimeko yezonyango. Ukuchaneka, umntwana one-ADHD unomahluko othile wobuchopho ekukhuleni kwakhe nasekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Olu mahluko lwenza kube nzima kuye ukunikel’ ingqalelo, ukuhlala kwindawo enye, nokuzibamba. Le meko inokubangela ukuba abe neengxaki ngomsebenzi wesikolo, ekhaya, kwanaxa enxibelelana nabahlobo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ingakanani ingxaki enokubangela ukuba angakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo eklasini, angaphulaphuli oko kuthethwayo ekhaya, okanye alwe nabahlobo bakhe xa bengakwazi kulinda ithuba labo lokudlala.

Ziziphi iimpawu zomntwana one-ADHD?

Enyanisweni, wonke umntwana ngamanye amaxesha uyalahlekelwa yingqwalasela, akaphulaphuli oko kuthethwayo, uyasokola ukuhlala kwindawo enye, uyasokola ukulinda ithuba lakhe. Ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Mhlawumbi oku kwenzeke kuwe usengumntwana, akunjalo? Kodwa kumntwana one-ADHD, ezi ngxaki zinzima kakhulu, kwaye zenzeka rhoqo.

Abantwana kunye nolutsha abane-ADHD banokubonisa iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Ukungakhathali - ukuphazamiseka lula

Kunzima kakhulu kwaba bantwana ukugxila kwinto enye. Iingqondo zabo ziyahamba ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, khawucinge ngotitshala efundisa isifundo kwaye bajonge ibhabhathane ngefestile.

• Kunzima ukumamela imiyalelo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba uthi, "Nyana, beka izinto zokudlala ecaleni uze nencwadi," mhlawumbi uya kukhumbula enye kuphela.
• Ulwazi olubalulekileyo lusenokungafumaneki.
• Ungawuhlehlisa umsebenzi owuqalileyo ungawugqibi. Kufana nokuqala umzobo uze ume phakathi.
• Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonakala ngathi uyaphupha, okanye ngathi usebenza nzima kakhulu.
• Basenokuba bayalibala kancinci kwaye badla ngokulahlekelwa zizinto ezifana neepensele, iirabha, kunye neencwadi.

2. Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo - ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye

Aba bantwana bahlala behambahamba, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala kwindawo enye, bakhawuleza bakruquke. Kungathi banamavili anamathele emilenzeni yabo.

• Kunzima ukuhlala kwindawo enye uthule (njengasetempileni okanye eklasini).
• Xa usenza umsebenzi, ungakhawuleza ukuwenza uze wenze iimpazamo.
• Basenokunyuka, batsibe, baze bajijeke kakhulu (njengakwizitulo neetafile).
• Akuyonjongo, kodwa indlela abaziphatha ngayo inokuphazamisa abanye.Umzekelo, njengokugculela abanye abantwana eklasini.

3. Ukungxama - ukuthambekela ekwenzeni izinto ngaphandle kokucinga

Aba bantwana benza izinto ngokungxama, bengacingi. Njengemoto "engenazibhuleki."

• Bangena ngequbuliso ngelixa abanye bethetha.
• Abanye banokutyhala baze batsale. Kunzima kakhulu ukulinda ithuba lakho.
• Banokwenza izinto ngaphandle kwemvume, bathathe izinto zabanye abantu, baze baziphathe ngendlela enobungozi (njengokutsiba besuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, bagijime ngequbuliso baye esitalatweni).
• Ngamanye amaxesha, usenokuba neempendulo ezingafanelekanga ngelo xesha, ezifana nomsindo kakhulu ngezinto ezincinci okanye ukukhala kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha abazali nootitshala bayaziqaphela ezi mpawu ze-ADHD kumntwana esemncinci kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci baphazamiseke lula, bangaphumli, bangabi namonde, kwaye benze izinto ngokungxama. Zonke ezi zinto azithethi ukuba umntwana une-ADHD.

Ezi zakhono zokuqwalasela, ukwenza izinto, kunye nokuzibamba zikhula kancinci kancinci njengoko abantwana bekhula. Abantwana bafunda ezi zinto ngoncedo lwabazali nootitshala. Kodwa kwabanye abantwana, ukunikel’ ingqalelo, ukuhlala bezolile, ukumamela, kunye nokuba nomonde akuphucuki kangako. Ukuba ezi meko ziyaqhubeka, kwaye ukuba zibangela iingxaki ngomsebenzi wesikolo, ekhaya, kunye nolwalamano nabahlobo, isenokuba yi-ADHD.

Zithini izizathu ze-ADHD?

Akukacaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba la mahluko obuchopho abangela i-ADHD aqala njani. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuba i-ADHD ifunyanwa njengelifa. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana abaninzi abane-ADHD banomzali okanye isalamane esisondeleyo esinale meko.

Kwakhona, ezinye izinto zinokubandakanyeka:

• Ukuba umntwana wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha .
• Ukuba wawukhe wachanabeka kwiityhefu ezithile ezikwindalo ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye usengumntwana.
• Ukuba umama usebenzise iziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-ADHD ayibangelwa kukusebenzisa ixesha elininzi kwiscreen, iimpazamo zabazali, okanye ukutya iswekile eninzi. Ezi ngcamango ziphosakeleyo zinokubakho kuluntu, kodwa azinabungqina bezonyango. Ngoko ke musa ukuziva unetyala.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo i-ADHD?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukumsa kugqirha wabantwana okanye komnye ugqirha ofanelekileyo. Musa ukoyika, eli linyathelo lokuqala nje.

Ugqirha uza kumxilonga umntwana, enze uvavanyo lokubona nokuva, aze aqinisekise ukuba akukho sizathu simbi sale mpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana usenokungazinaki izifundo zakhe kuba engaboni okanye engeva.

Ukuze kuchongwe i-ADHD, oogqirha baza kuqala bakubuze ngempilo yomntwana wakho, indlela aziphethe ngayo, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe. Baza kuthetha nabazali kunye nomntwana baze bababuze ngento abayibonileyo. Ugqirha angakunika uluhlu lokuhlola oluza kugcwalisa malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, okanye banokucela utitshala womntwana ukuba agcwalise uluhlu lokuhlola olufana nalo.

Emva kokuqokelela lonke olu lwazi, oogqirha baya kuyixilonga i-ADHD kuphela xa oku kulandelayo kucacile:

• Ukuba ixesha lomntwana lokunikel’ ingqalelo, ukusebenza kakhulu, okanye ukungabi namdla kuphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo ngokweminyaka yakhe.
• Ukuba umntwana ebenale mikhwa ukususela ebuntwaneni (ngesiqhelo uqala ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka eli-12).
• Ukuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zichaphazela ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wesikolo womntwana, umsebenzi wesikolo wasekhaya, kunye nobudlelwane bakhe nabantu (ubuncinane kwiindawo ezimbini, umzekelo, ekhaya nasesikolweni).
• Ukuba uvavanyo lwezonyango luqinisekisa ukuba unobangela wezi ngxaki asiyongxaki yempilo (umz., ingxaki ye-thyroid), ukukhubazeka kokufunda, okanye imeko yengqondo.

Abantwana abaninzi abane-ADHD banezinye iimeko, ezifana neengxaki zokufunda , ukuziphatha okuchasayo nokungavumi , okanye iingxaki zemood kunye nexhala . Oogqirha badla ngokunyanga ezi meko zimbi ngaxeshanye xa benyanga i-ADHD.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha angakuthumela kwingcali yezengqondo yabantwana okanye kwingcali yezengqondo .

Iphathwa njani i-ADHD?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-ADHD. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye. Indlela efanayo yonyango ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umntu, kwaye inokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye.

• Amayeza: La mayeza anceda ingqondo igxile, yehlise isantya, kwaye iphucule ukuzibamba. La mayeza afanele athathwe kuphela njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha, kwidosi echanekileyo kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Unyango lokuziphatha: Iingcali zonyango zinceda abantwana abane-ADHD ukuba baphuhlise izakhono zentlalo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokucwangcisa ezithi ngamanye amaxesha zilibaleke. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nokulawula umsindo, ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabanye, kunye nokuhlala becwangcisiwe.
• Uqeqesho lwabazali:Olu qeqesho lunokunceda abazali bafunde indlela yokuphendula ngcono kwiingxaki zokuziphatha eziza njengenxalenye ye-ADHD (umz., xa umntwana enomsindo okanye engakuphulaphuli oko ukuthethayo). Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Inkxaso yesikolo: Ootitshala banokunceda abantwana abane-ADHD baphumelele esikolweni kwaye babe nobomi obonwabisayo esikolweni. Oku kungabandakanya ukuvumela umntwana ukuba ahlale phambili eklasini okanye ukubanika ixesha elongezelelweyo lokusebenza.

Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, i-ADHD inokuphucula. Abazali nootitshala banokunceda abantwana abancinci bafunde ukulawula ingqalelo yabo, ukuziphatha kwabo, kunye neemvakalelo zabo. Njengoko bekhula, abantwana kufuneka bafunde ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo yabo kunye nokuzibamba.

Ukuba i-ADHD ayinyangwa, inokwenza kube nzima ebantwaneni ukuphumelela. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungazithembi, ukudakumba, ukuziphatha okuchasayo, ukungaphumeleli emsebenzini wesikolo, ukuziphatha okubeka emngciphekweni, okanye ingxabano yosapho .

Abazali banokunceda njani?

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD, zininzi izinto onokuzenza. Ungoyena mntu unamandla amakhulu omntwana wakho.

• Yiba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo: Funda kangangoko unako malunga ne-ADHD. Landela unyango olucetyiswa ngugqirha womntwana wakho. Yiya kuzo zonke iityelelo zonyango ezicetyiswayo.
• Nika amayeza ngokukhuselekileyo: Ukuba umntwana wakho usebenzisa amayeza e-ADHD, soloko unika amayeza ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi echanekileyo. Ungaze uyeke amayeza okanye utshintshe idosi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Soloko ugcine amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude nabantwana.
• Sebenzisana nesikolo somntwana wakho: Thetha nootitshala ukuze ubone ukuba umntwana wakho udinga naziphi na izicwangciso zemfundo ekhethekileyo okanye inkxaso evela esikolweni. Amanye amazwe anezicwangciso ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-IEP (Inkqubo yeMfundo yoMntu ngamnye) okanye isicwangciso se-504 . ESri Lanka, thetha nesikolo malunga nayo nayiphi na inkxaso ekhethekileyo umntwana wakho anokuyifumana (umz., ingqalelo engakumbi eklasini, ixesha elongezelelweyo leemviwo). Dibana nootitshala rhoqo ukuze ufumane ukuba umntwana wakho wenza njani esikolweni. Sebenzani kunye ukuze nincede umntwana wenu enze kakuhle.
• Umzali onenjongo nofudumeleyo: Funda ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokukhulisa abantwana ezilungele umntwana one-ADHD, kunye nokuba yintoni enokwenza i-ADHD ibe mandundu. Thetha nomntwana wakho nge-ADHD ngokukhululekileyo nangokumxhasa. Gxila kumandla omntwana wakho kunye neempawu zakhe ezintle . Mncome kwaye ukhuthaze ukuziphatha okuhle endaweni yokumohlwaya.
• Qhagamshelana nabanye ukuze ufumane inkxaso nolwazi: Fumana ulwazi lwamva nje malunga nonyango, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha, wabelane ngamavaJonga iiwebhusayithi zamaqela enkxaso aphesheya afana ne -CHADD (Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) . Okanye khangela amaqela afanayo okukhulisa abantwana eSri Lanka. Kwakhona kukwakhuthaza ukwazi ukuba awuwedwa.

I-ADHD idla ngokuba ngcono xa abantwana befumana unyango, besitya ukutya okunempilo, belala ngokwaneleyo kwaye besenza umthambo, kwaye benabazali abaxhasayo abaziyo indlela yokusabela kwi-ADHD. Umonde nothando zibaluleke kakhulu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule...

Kulungile, ngoko ke i-ADHD iyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Asikuko ukuba ityala lakho okanye lomntwana wakho liyingxaki. I-ADHD yimeko eyenzeka ngotshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ingancedwa kwaye inyangwe.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokunceda umntwana wakho aphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo. Khumbula, wonke umntwana wahlukile kwaye unezakhono ezahlukeneyo. Abantwana abane-ADHD nabo banezakhono zabo ezikhethekileyo. Kubalulekile ukufumana ezo zinto kwaye uzixhase. Ngamana ungafumana amandla kolu hambo!

I- ADHD, i-ADHD ebantwaneni, i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, i-impulsivity, unyango lwe-ADHD, iimpawu ze-ADHD, i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder