Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda? Masifunde nge-dyslexia.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bethu banengxaki ngomsebenzi wesikolo, akunjalo? Ingakumbi izinto ezifana nokufunda. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho usemva kancinci kwabanye abantwana ekufundeni, usenokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-dyslexia. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula, akunjalo?

Yintoni iDyslexia?

Ngamafutshane, i-dyslexia yingxaki yokufunda. Kodwa ngaba yinto elungileyo ? Umntwana onengxaki yokufunda unobunzima bokuqonda nokusebenzisa amagama, oonobumba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amanani. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki zokufunda ezifana nale. Ngoko ke ukuba umntwana uzama nzima kakhulu kwaye ngenkuthalo ukufunda, kodwa enengxaki yokufunda ukufunda, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-dyslexia. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, oku akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho akakrelekrele. Basenokuba krelekrele kakhulu, kodwa ukufunda nje kunokuba nzima.

Yintoni ebangela i-dyslexia?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-dyslexia ayisosifo. Yimeko umntu azalwa enayo. Rhoqo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onale meko, inokuchaphazela nabantwana. Abantu abane-dyslexia abangoosiyatha, kwaye abangomavila. Uninzi lwabantu lunengqondo ephakathi okanye ephezulu. Basebenza nzima kakhulu ukoyisa ubunzima babo bokufunda.

Uphando lubonise ukuba i-dyslexia ibangelwa ngumahluko omncinci kwindlela ingqondo ecubungula ngayo ulwazi. Yicinge njengekhompyutha. Ngoko ke ingqondo yomntu one-dyslexia icubungula ulwazi ngamagama noonobumba ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci kunomntu ongena-dyslexia. Xa izazinzulu zihlola umsebenzi wengqondo, zifumanisa ukuba iindawo zengqondo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abane-dyslexia xa befunda zahlukile kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abangenayo i-dyslexia. Kwakhona, iingqondo zabantu abane-dyslexia azisebenzi kakuhle xa befunda. Yiyo loo nto ukufunda kunokubonakala kunzima kubo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwi-dyslexia?

Uninzi lwabantwana abancinci luqala ukufunda ngokufunda ukuqaphela izandi ezincinci ezenza igama (sibiza oku ngokuba kukuqonda izandi – oku kukukwazi ukuqaphela izandi ngazinye kwigama) baze bafunde ukudibanisa ezo zandi noonobumba bealfabhethi (sibiza oku ngokuba ziifonetiki – oku kukukwazi ukufunda ukuba zeziphi izandi ezihamba nonobumba ngamnye). Kuphela emva koko bafunda ukudibanisa ezo zandi ukuze benze amagama. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baya kukwazi ukuqaphela amagama aqhelekileyo ngokubona.

Cinga ngokufunda njengokukhwela ibhayisekile. Kufuneka wenze izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye, nangexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokuziqhelanisa, abantwana abakwaziyo ukufunda ngokuqhelekileyo baya kuqala ukufunda kancinci kancinci bakuba bebona amagama. Emva koko banokusebenzisa amandla asengqondweni yabo ukuqonda nokukhumbula oko bakufundileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubantwana abane-dyslexia, ulwazi lwefonemiki kunye nefonetiki zibalulekile.Ingxaki ikwiindlela ezidityaniswe ngazo (isandi noonobumba). Ngoko ke ukufunda akuzifikeli ngokwemvelo kubo, yinto ekufuneka bayenze nzima kakhulu. Xa umntwana esokola ngala manyathelo okuqala okufunda, akumangalisi ukuba abe nengxaki yokuqonda into ayifundayo, aze adideke.

Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo malunga ne-dyslexia kukuba oonobumba okanye amagama abonakala ejonge phantsi – umzekelo, u-'was' ujongeka ngathi 'saw'. Olu hlobo lwengxaki lunokuba yinxalenye yengxaki ye-dyslexic. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci babone kwaye babhale oonobumba bejonge phantsi de babe kunyaka wabo wokuqala okanye wesibini. Oku akuphelelanga kubantwana abane-dyslexia. Iingxaki eziphambili zabantwana abane-dyslexia zikwimimandla yokuqonda ifonemiki, ubudlelwane boonobumba nesandi (iifonetiki), kunye nokuqondwa kwamagama ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubonisa umntu one-dyslexia?

Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye, kodwa kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezinokubonwa ngokufanayo. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni.

Iimpawu zabantwana besikolo samabanga aphantsi nabesikolo samabanga aphantsi

Ukuba umntwana wakho usesikolweni samabanga aphantsi okanye samabanga aphantsi, hlala ujonge ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba sele kudlule ixesha lokuba ndiqalise ukuthetha.
• Ukuba amagama amade kunzima ukuwabiza (umz. 'inyoka' ivakala ngathi 'yisafire').
• Ukuba unengxaki yokubiza amagama, khangela amagama anemvano-siphelo (umz. ipeni, isandla, ukutya, isiselo).
• Ukuba unengxaki yokufunda ukulandelelana koonobumba bealfabhethi, iintsuku zeveki, imibala, iimilo kunye namanani.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokufunda amagama oonobumba kunye nezandi zabo (umz. isandi seleta 'A' ngu 'a', isandi seleta 'B' ngu 'b').
• Ukuba unengxaki yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala igama lakho.
• Ukuba kunzima ukwahlula phakathi kwamalungu (umz., 'am-ma') kunye nezandi (iifonime - umz., 'b', 'a', 'l' kwigama elifana nelithi 'ba-l-di-ya') kwigama.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokubiza amagama alula ngokudibanisa oonobumba (umz., yithi 'ಗಾ-ಸ' = 'ಗಾಸ').
• Ukuba unengxaki yokubeka oonobumba ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo xa ufunda okanye ubhala amagama (umzekelo, ubhala okanye ufunda into efana 'nabaphulaphuli' endaweni 'yentetho').
• Ukuba unengxaki yokubhala kakuhle nokwenza izinto ezincinci kakuhle (ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo kakuhle – umz., ukuqhobosha amaqhosha, ukubopha imitya yezihlangu).

Iimpawu zabantwana abadala, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantu abadala

Abantwana abadala, abantu abadala abaselula, kunye nabantu abadala banokuba neempawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla. Ukongeza, ungabona:

• Ukuba babuthathaka kakhulu ekufundeni nasekupeleni kunabanye abaneminyaka yabo.
• Ukuba bazama ukuphepha ukufunda nokubhala (umz., bathi banqena kakhulu ukufunda iincwadi, kodwa xa becelwa ukuba babhale, bayanikezela).
• Ukuba usebenza nzima kakhulu ekufundeni, ekubhaleni imisebenzi, nakwiimviwo, kwaye ukuba uthatha ixesha elide kunezinye.
• Ukuba ulwimi lwasemzini (umz. isiNgesi, isiFrentshi) kunzima kakhulu ukulufunda.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-dyslexia?

I-Dyslexia idla ngokuchongwa xa umntwana esesikolweni samabanga aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala xa umntwana emdala kancinci kwaye kulindeleke ukuba afunde aze aqonde izinto ezinde nezintsonkothileyo. Ukuba umntwana omncinci okrelekrele nongumfundi olungileyo usenobunzima bokufunda nokubhala, oku kunokuba luphawu lwe-dyslexia.

I-Dyslexia inokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela emva kovavanyo olupheleleyo yingcali yokufunda okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Oku kungenziwa esikolweni okanye ngaphandle. Ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho uqhelene neempawu ze-dyslexia kwaye unokukuthumela kuncedo olufanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa ulibazisa ukunceda abantwana abane-dyslexia, ingxaki yokufunda iba nkulu kwaye ukuzithemba komntwana kuya kwehla. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ezi mpawu kwaye uqale uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokufunda ngexesha lesikolo samabanga aphantsi.

Ungayilawula njani i-dyslexia?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngenkxaso noncedo olufanelekileyo, abantwana abaninzi abane-dyslexia banokufunda ukufunda nokuphuhlisa amaqhinga abanceda bafunde kwigumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo.

Badla ngokusebenza notitshala oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, utitshala, okanye ingcali yokufunda ukuze bafunde indlela yokufunda, ukubhala, kunye nokujongana nale meko. Utitshala womntwana wakho, ingcali yezengqondo, okanye ugqirha wabantwana unokucebisa ingcali yezengqondo (ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yingcali yezemfundo okanye ingcali yezengqondo yolwimi). Aba ngabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza nabantwana abane-dyslexia.

ESri Lanka, inkxaso abayifumanayo aba bantwana kwinqanaba lesikolo inokwahluka. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nootitshala esikolweni kwaye nixoxe ngeendlela ezithile zokufundisa umntwana wakho azidingayo, njengexesha elongezelelweyo leemviwo okanye umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye uncedo lokubhala amanqaku. Ezinye izikolo zinokuba neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokunceda aba bantwana. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuthetha nootitshala. Kwakhona, buza ezi ngcali ngeendlela onokumnceda ngazo umntwana wakho ekhaya.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka siyazi ngale nto?

Abantwana abane-dyslexia banokuziva ngathi abalumkanga njengoontanga babo kuba kunzima ukusebenza nabanye. Ezi ngxaki zinokuba nzima ngakumbi njengoko benyuka amabanga aphantsi, apho ukufunda kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi ekufundeni. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana banokuphelelwa ngumdla kumsebenzi wesikolo.

Abantwana abakhubazekileyo badla ngokukuphepha ukufunda kuba kunzima kwaye kuyabacinezela. Oku kuthetha ukuba bayaphoswa kukuziqhelanisa nokufunda okuxabisekileyo kwaye bashiyeka belandela abanye abantwana.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhasa imizamo yomntwana wakho, umkhuthaze ukuba afunde ekhaya, kwaye umncede. Mncome xa efunda nokuba ligama elincinci. Kwakhona, zama ukwakha ukuzithemba komntwana wakho kwaye umnike amathuba okuphumelela kwezinye iindawo - ezifana nemidlalo, izinto azithandayo, umculo, ubugcisa, kunye nedrama. Cinga ngenani labaculi, abadlali bezemidlalo, izazinzulu, oosomashishini, oogqirha, amagqwetha, kunye neengcali zopolitiko ezikhoyo emhlabeni abaye baba nobunzima bokufunda kodwa benze izinto ezintle! Ngoko ke musa ukucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba into enye yayinzima, ikamva lomntwana wakho limfiliba.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-dyslexia, thetha nogqirha wakho, utitshala womntwana wakho, okanye ingcali yokufunda. Okukhona ingxaki yokufunda ibonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ungafumana uncedo olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza kumntwana wakho.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

• I-Dyslexia ayisosifo, kwaye ayikokuswela ingqondo. Yingxaki yokufunda ebangelwa kukwahluka okuncinci kwindlela ingqondo ecwangcisa ngayo ulwazi.
• Le yinto evela ekuzalweni, kwaye idla ngokuvela kusapho. Ngoko ke musa ukwenza umntwana okanye wena uzive unetyala ngale nto.
• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba kwaye unike inkxaso yobuchwephesha ukuze umntwana afunde ukufunda aze ahlale ezithembile.
• Xhasa kwaye ukhuthaze imizamo yomntwana wakho. Ukongeza ekufundeni, khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba alandele ezinye iinkalo zobungcali ukuze aphuhlise izakhono zakhe.
• Musa ukoyika! Musa ukoyika! Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo, abantwana abane-dyslexia banokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo. Umntwana wakho akayedwa, baninzi abantu abanokunceda abantwana abanjalo.

I- Dyslexia, ubunzima bokufunda, iingxaki zokufunda, abantwana, imfundo, abazali