Siva njani? Ummangaliso wendlebe kunye nohambo lwesandi (iMechanism of Hearing)

Ngaba wakha wema wacinga ngendlela iingoma esiziphulaphula ngayo yonke imihla, amazwi esiwathetha nabahlobo bethu, izandi ezimnandi zeentaka, njl.njl., ezingena ngayo ezindlebeni zethu kwaye ziqondwa ziingqondo zethu? Yinkqubo emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi ngokwenene. Ifana nomlingo! Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela iindlebe zethu ezixabisekileyo ezisebenza ngayo, ngendlela elula kakhulu, njengokuxelela umhlobo.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wesitho esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yindlebe

Iindlebe zethu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili, njengamagumbi angaphakathi endlwini. Nazi:

1. Indlebe Yangaphandle

2. Indlebe Ephakathi

3. Indlebe Yangaphakathi

Inxalenye nganye kwezi inomsebenzi wayo, njengoko isandi sisiya engqondweni yethu. Makhe sibone ukuba oko kwenzeka njani.

1. Indlebe Yangaphandle: Indlela yokungena kwisandi

Xa ucinga ngendlebe, into eza kuqala engqondweni yileyo ibonakalayo ngaphandle? Yiyo leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-pinna (ngokwezonyango ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Pinna)`). Imilo yale pinna yenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqokelela amaza esandi kwindawo esingqongileyo aze awakhokelele endlebeni. Kufana nokuqokelela imiqondiso evela kwi-`Satellite Dish`.

Khawuthelekelele, xa uthetha nomhlobo, amaza esandi selizwi lakho ahamba emoyeni aze abethe i-eardrum yomntu omameleyo noqokelelayo.

Amaza esandi aqokelelwa yi-eardrum emva koko ahamba ngesakhiwo esincinci esifana netyhubhu ebizwa ngokuba yi-ear canal . Isandi sihamba ngale tube ukuya ekuqaleni kwendlebe ephakathi. I-ear canal inezakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele kunye namadlala avelisa i-earwax. Ezi zikhusela indlebe eluthulini, kwizinambuzane ezincinci, nakwezinye izinto.

2. Indlebe Ephakathi: Apho isandi sinyuswa khona

Ekupheleni kombhobho wokuva kukho inwebu ethambileyo nebhityileyo. Yi -eardrum (okanye i-'Tympanic Membrane`) esiyaziyo sonke. Ifana nolusu lwedrama. Xa amaza esandi avela ngaphandle ebetha le ndlebe, iqala ukungcangcazela .

Ngoku umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala. Okuncamatheliswe kule ndlebe kukho amathambo amathathu amancinci emzimbeni wethu. Mancinci kakhulu, kodwa enza umsebenzi omkhulu. La mathambo mathathu adla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ossicles)`. Amagama awo ngala:

• I-Malleus - Oku kufana nesando, esinamathele kwi-eardrum.
• I-Incus - Eli lithambo eliphakathi, eliqhagamshelwe kwi-eardrum kunye ne-auricle.
• I-Stapes - Eli lelona thambo lincinci emzimbeni. Limile okwesihlangu sehashe.

Xa i-eardrum ingcangcazela, i-vibration iqala iye kwi-ossicles, ize iye kwi-stapes, ize ekugqibeleni iye kwi-auricle. La mathambo mathathu adibene, esebenza njengenkqubo encinci ye-lever, ekhulisa i-vibration evela kwi-eardrum.Ithunyelwa endlebeni engaphakathi. Olu kwandiswa lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba indlebe engaphakathi inolwelo. Ukuze ukungcangcazela okuza emoyeni kudluliselwe ngolwelo, kufuneka kube namandla.

Kukho enye into ebaluleke kakhulu kwindlebe ephakathi. Le yi -Eustachian Tube . Le yityhubhu encinci nje eqhagamshelwe ngasemva komphimbo wethu. Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi iindlebe zakho ziyakhala xa unyuka intaba okanye ubhabha ngenqwelomoya, uze ngequbuliso uvuke ngesandi esingaqhelekanga 'sokucofa'? Yiloo nto le tyhubhu ye-Eustachian iyenzayo ngelo xesha. Xa sivula imilomo yethu size siginye, le tyhubhu iyavuleka ize ivale ukuze ilinganise uxinzelelo lomoya kumacala omabini erhubhu yendlebe. Kulapho irhubhu yendlebe inokungcangcazela ngokukhululekileyo nangendlela efanelekileyo.

3. Indlebe Yangaphakathi: Apho isandi siguqulwa sibe ziimpawu zombane

I-stapes, ekupheleni kwendlebe ephakathi, iqhagamshela kwilungu elincinci elingaphakathi kwendlebe elifana neqokobhe leenkumba. Libizwa ngokuba yi-cochlea . Ngaphakathi kukho ulwelo olukhethekileyo kunye namawaka ezakhiwo ezintle kakhulu ezifana neenwele ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli zeenwele .

Xa amaza okungcangcazela akhulisiweyo (`iiNyibiliko`) ezivela endlebeni ephakathi zidlula kulwelo olungaphakathi kwi-cochlea, ezo seli zeenwele ziyavuselelwa. Kanye njengokuba amaza edlula emanzini, izityalo emanzini ziyashukuma. Xa ezi seli zeenwele zihamba, kwenzeka into emangalisayo: ukuba ukungcangcazela koomatshini (`iiNyibiliko zoMatshini`) kuba ziimpawu zombane (`iiSignali zoMbane` okanye` iiMpembelelo zeNerve`)!

Iiseli zeenwele ezingaphakathi kwi-cochlea zikhethekile kakhulu. Ziza ngobude obahlukeneyo, njengezitshixo zepiyano. Kanye njengokuba isitshixo ngasinye sivelisa isandi esahlukileyo, ezi seli zeenwele nazo ziyaziva kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, iqela elinye liphendula kwizandi eziphezulu (njengesandi sokutshixiza) kwaye elinye iqela lisabela kwizandi eziphantsi (njengesandi sedrama). Ayimangalisi na le nto yoyilo?

Ukongeza ekuveni, indlebe engaphakathi ikwanayo nenxalenye elawula ukulinganisela kwethu (i-`Vestibular System`). Kodwa ekubeni sithetha ngokuva namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaloo nto ngokweenkcukacha kamva.

Uhambo lwesandi oluya engqondweni kunye nokuqonda kwaso

Ngoku kuza inxalenye ebalulekileyo. Imiqondiso yombane eveliswa zezo seli zeenwele iya ngqo engqondweni yethu ngemithambo-luvo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Auditory Nerve' . Ingqondo ineziko elikhethekileyo elizinikele ekuveni (i-'Auditory Cortex').

Ingqondo ihlalutya ezi mpawu zombane zingenayo ize isinike amandla okuqonda izinto ezinje, 'Owu, eli lilizwi likamama,' 'Le yingoma endiyithandayo,' 'Kukho inja ekhonkothayo ngaphandle, andazi ukuba kukho into engalunganga na.' Khawuthelekelele, konke oku kwenzeka ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana embalwa, ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu!

Ayipheleli apho, kuba sineendlebe ezimbini, ingqondo iyakwazi nokuqonda ukuba isandi sivela kweliphi icala. Igqiba ukuba isandi sivakala kancinci okanye sithambile kancinci kwindlebe enye.

Kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukuba sive?

Asinto ingaqhelekanga ukuyithetha le.

• Unxibelelwano: Sinxibelelana nabanye kwaye siyaqonda oko bakuthethayo ngokumamela.
• Ukufunda: Ukumamela kubalulekile xa ufunda into entsha, nokuba kusesikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
• Ukonwaba: Ukumamela ingoma emnandi kukwenza wonwabe, ukonwabele incoko ekwimuvi, nokuzizolisa ngokumamela izandi ezimnandi zendalo (iintaka zicula, iingxangxasi) kuxhomekeke ekumameleni.
• Ukhuseleko: Xa sisiva isandi semoto esisondelayo xa sisendleleni, siyasindiswa kwingozi, kwaye ukuba kukho umlilo endlwini yethu, siyaziswa sisandi se-"Fire Alarm". Kuko konke oku, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlebe zethu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ungazinyamekela njani iindlebe zakho?

Sifanele sinyamekele iindlebe zethu, ezixabiseke kakhulu nezintsonkothileyo, akunjalo? Ukuba sinyamekela izinto ezincinci, singazigcina iindlebe zethu ziphilile ixesha elide.

• Ziphephe iingxolo ezinkulu: Akulunganga ukumamela umculo ngesandi esiphezulu okanye ukumamela ii-headphones ngesandi esiphezulu ixesha elide . Ukuba usebenza kwiindawo ezinengxolo ephezulu, njengeefektri okanye iindawo zokwakha, nxiba izikhuseli zeendlebe. Kuba ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwingxolo enkulu kunokonakalisa iiseli zeenwele ezithambileyo esithethe ngazo, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kukuva okungapheliyo.
• Musa ukufaka izinto ezindlebeni zakho: Musa ukufaka izinto ezibukhali ezifana nezinti, amaqhosha ekotoni, izitshixo, okanye iiphini ezindlebeni zakho ukuze uzicoce. Ukwenza njalo kunokutyhala i-earwax ngaphakathi ngakumbi kwaye konakalise umjelo wendlebe okanye i-eardrum. I-earwax idla ngokuziphumela yodwa. Ukuba unengxaki enkulu okanye uziva ngathi indlebe yakho ivalekile, bona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
• Gcina iindlebe zakho zomile: Abanye abantu banokufumana usulelo (umz., i-Otitis Externa okanye i-Swimmer's Ear) ukuba amanzi angena ezindlebeni zabo ngelixa behlamba okanye bedada. Kungcono ukuba abantu abanjalo basebenzise izithinteli zeendlebe. Emva kokuhlamba, sula kancinci i-earlobe kunye nenxalenye engaphandle ejikeleze indlebe uze uyigcine yomile.
• Lumka ngezifo zendlebe: Ukuba uneentlungu zendlebe, ulwelo oluphuma endlebeni yakho, ukulahleka kokuva, ukukhala okungapheliyo ezindlebeni zakho (`tinnitus`), okanye isiyezi, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko uze ufumane unyango. Ezinye izifo zendlebe ephakathi (`Otitis Media`) zinokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuhlolwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezonyango: Ezinye izifo ezifana neDiabetes Mellitus kunye neHypertension zinokuchaphazela ukuva. Kwakhona, amanye amayeza (iziyobisi ze-Ototoxic) anokuba yingozi ezindlebeni. Ke ngoko, ukuba unezi meko zempilo ezinjalo, gcina ulawulo olufanelekileyo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

Ngamafutshane (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu namhlanje, akunjalo? Ngamafutshane, iindlebe zethu zilungu elintsonkothileyo nelisebenza ngendlela emangalisayo.

Amaza esandi aqokelelwa yindlebe engaphandle, akhuliswe yindlebe ephakathi, aguqulwe abe ziimpawu zombane endlebeni engaphakathi, aze adluliselwe engqondweni ngemithambo-luvo yokuva. Le yindlela esiqonda ngayo, sonwabe ngayo, kwaye siqonde izandi ezahlukeneyo kweli hlabathi.

Mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba eli khono limangalisayo libaluleke kangakanani kuthi ebomini. Ngoko ke, khathalela iindlebe zakho kwaye uzikhusele. Kuba, ukuva kakuhle kubaluleke kakhulu kubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu ngale nto, ungaze woyike ukuthetha nogqirha.

Indlebe, Ukuva, Indlela yokuva