Ngaba uyazi nge-influenza? Masithethe ngayo ngokulula!

Ngaba uziva ungaphilanga kakuhle okanye umkhuhlane kule mihla? Mhlawumbi yiflu. Sisifo esivakala sibi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa yintoni kanye kanye? Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngesi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yiflu. Singazikhusela njani kuso, kwaye yintoni esimele siyenze ukuba siyifumana?

Yintoni le flu (Influenza)?

Ngamafutshane, umkhuhlane sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla . Oko kukuthi, sichaphazela kakhulu impumlo yakho, umphimbo, kunye nemiphunga. Unobangela woku yintsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Le ntsholongwane yomkhuhlane isasazeka rhoqo kwiinyanga zemozulu ebandayo . Kumazwe afana neMelika, ibizwa ngokuba lixesha lomkhuhlane ukusuka ku-Okthobha ukuya kuMeyi. Nakwilizwe lethu, sinokubona ukuqhambuka kwale nto ngamaxesha athile. Ngoko ke, oku akusiyo nje umkhuhlane, kodwa yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Xa ufumana umkhuhlane, uziva ungonwabanga ngakumbi kunokuba ubuya kuba njalo xa unesifo somkhuhlane. Kubantu abaninzi, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ayiqali ukubonisa iimpawu de kube malunga neentsuku ezimbini emva kokuba uyifumene. Usenokuba neempawu ezifana nezi:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso
• Umzimba wam uyabanda, imilenze yam iyaqhaqhazela .
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Umzimba wam wonke ubuhlungu, ingakumbi izihlunu zam.
• Njengesiyezi
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ubuthathaka
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Ukuvuza kolwelo
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
• Ubuthathaka
• Intlungu yendlebe
• Ngamanye amaxesha urhudo

Xa iintsana ezincinci zifumana umkhuhlane, zisenokuphazamiseka ngequbuliso kunesiqhelo , okanye zisenokubonakala ngathi 'aziziva kakuhle.' Ekubeni zingakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle, kubalulekile ukuba abazali baziqwalasele ezi mpawu.

Kutheni le nto le flu (umkhuhlane) isenzeka?

Igama elithi flu livela kwintsholongwane eyibangelayo - intsholongwane ye-influenza . Isasazeka lula kakhulu. Le ntsholongwane ikwiindawo ezincinci eziphuma xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Ukuba abanye abantu bayayiphefumla, bayasuleleka. Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntu uthimla kwindawo okuyo, intsholongwane inokukufikelela kwimizuzwana embalwa!

Ayipheleli apho, ezi ntsholongwane zinokufumaneka kwizinto ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, imali, izibambo zebhasi, iinqwelo zokuthenga, njl. Ukuba umntu uchukumisa ezo ndawo aze achukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo akhe ngesandla esinye, intsholongwane inokungena emzimbeni.

Ingaba i-influenza sisifo esosulelayo? Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ?

Ewe, umkhuhlane sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu . Umntu angawusasaza kwabanye ukususela ngosuku olungaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziqale de iimpawu ziphele. Kumntu omdala, oku kungathatha malunga neveki. Kodwa abantwana abancinci banokuba nosulelo ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba uhlale ekhaya xa unomkhuhlane, ukuze ukhusele abanye.

Umkhuhlane udla ngokuba ngubhubhane minyaka le. Ubhubhane lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwesifo kubantu abaninzi kwindawo ethile ngexesha elinye. Kwiminyaka ethile, olu bhubhane lunokuba nzima kakhulu, lusasazeke kwindawo enkulu. Xa ubhubhane olunjalo lusasazeka kwihlabathi liphela, lubizwa ngokuba yibhubhane . Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Bekukho iintsholongwane ezintathu ezinkulu zomkhuhlane kwinkulungwane yama-20, kwaye bekukho enye kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-21, intsholongwane ye-influenza A `(H1N1)` eyaphuma ngo-2009.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uneflu?

Amaxesha amaninzi, oogqirha banokubona ukuba umntwana unomkhuhlane ngokujonga nje inkangeleko yakhe, kuba abantwana abancinane abanomkhuhlane badla ngokubonakala begula kakhulu kwaye bengonwabanga.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izifo ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezomkhuhlane. Ngoko ke, ukuba ugqirha ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngumkhuhlane, angenza uvavanyo. Baza kusebenzisa i-cotton swab ende (`(swab)`) ukuthatha isampuli ye-mucus empumlweni okanye emqaleni wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo ziyafumaneka ngokukhawuleza, okanye kungathatha ixesha ukuba uyithumela kwilebhu.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Abantwana abaninzi kunye nabantu abadala abafumana umkhuhlane bayaphola emakhaya. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana umkhuhlane, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye neziselo (ezifana nejusi, ipapa, isuphu) ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni .
• Lala uze uphumle ngokwaneleyo. Yeka ukubaleka udlala, yeka ukusebenza okwethutyana. Ukuphumla kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni.
• Ungathatha/unike i-paracetamol okanye i-ibuprofen ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu zomzimba.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaze unike abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abancinci i-aspirin (ingakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala). Oku kungenxa yokuba idibene nesifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esinokubulala esibizwa ngokuba yi-Reye syndrome . Oku kuchaphazela isibindi kunye nengqondo.

• Xa unxiba, nxiba izinto ezilula ukuzisusa. Xa unomkhuhlane, ungaziva ubanda ngelinye ixesha uze uzive ushushu ngelinye ixesha.

Abantwana abanomkhuhlane kufuneka bagcinwe kude nesikolo nakwindawo yokugcina abantwana de babe ngcono. Bafanele babuyiselwe esikolweni, ngaphandle kwamayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane, emva kokuba bengenawo umkhuhlane ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 . Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukuhlala ekhaya ixesha elide. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba yintoni elungele umntwana wakho.

Lufuneka nini unyango lwezonyango?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umntwana wakho ugula kakhulu, okanye ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu weempawu eziqatha (siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva), oogqirha banokumcebisa amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane . Eli yeza linokufinyeza ixesha lomkhuhlane ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, kufuneka lithathwe kwangoko xa iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziqala.Eli yeza kufuneka liqalwe zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-48 . Ukuba ugqirha unika umntwana wakho iyeza lokulwa neentsholongwane, buza ngemiphumo enokubakho.

Kubalulekile: Oogqirha abaniki amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane omkhuhlane. Oku kungenxa yokuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asebenza kuphela nxamnye neebhaktheriya, hayi iintsholongwane. Ekubeni umkhuhlane uyintsholongwane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi.

Ngaba i-influenza ingabangela ezinye iingxaki? Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Ewe, abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki xa befumana umkhuhlane. Oko kuthetha ukuba banokufumana izifo ezinzulu kakhulu kunokuba bafumane umkhuhlane nje kuphela. La maqela omngcipheko aquka:

• Abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, ingakumbi iintsana (ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6) .
• Abantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka . Oku kuquka abantu abasebenzisa i-chemotherapy okanye i-steroids ixesha elide, okanye abantu abanezifo ezifana nosulelo lwe-HIV okanye umhlaza.
• Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-asthma okanye isifo seswekile.
• Abantwana okanye abantu abancinci abathatha i-aspirin rhoqo.
• Abantu abatyebe kakhulu .
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo okanye oomama abasandula ukufumana umntwana (ingakumbi kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokubeleka).
• Abantu abakwiindawo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide njengamakhaya abantu abadala.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Ukuba aba bantu bafumana umkhuhlane, ukugula kwabo kunokuba nzima ngakumbi. Banokuba neemeko ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ezinokwenza imeko ibe mandundu nangakumbi. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, abantu abaninzi kuya kufuneka balale esibhedlele. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha ukudibana naba bantu nabani na onomkhuhlane okanye oneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Ukuba umntu uneempawu zomkhuhlane, kungcono ukuba angahlali nabantu abanokuba bagula kakhulu ukuba banokufumana umkhuhlane.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-flu?

Umkhuhlane kunye nezinye iimpawu zomkhuhlane (ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu kunye nokudinwa) zihlala ziphela kwisithuba seveki okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba nokukhohlela okanye bazive bengaphilanga okwethutyana emva koko. Oku kungathatha iiveki ezininzi.

Awunakukwazi ukuthintela ukufumana umkhuhlane?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukufumana umkhuhlane. Kodwa ukufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane minyaka le kunokunceda. Wonke umntu kufuneka afumane olu gonyo minyaka le ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala .

Kungcono ukufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lomkhuhlane liqale, oku kungaphambi kokuphela kuka-Okthobha (kwilizwe lethu, xa oogqirha belucebisa). Kodwa ukuba awukwazi ukulufumana ngoko, ungalufumana kamva, xa intsholongwane yomkhuhlane isasazeka. Oogqirha abaninzi baya kunika ugonyo lomkhuhlane kude kube nguMeyi ukuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane isasasazeka.

Abantwana banokufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane ngexesha elinye nezinye izitofu zabo, ezifana nogonyo lwe-COVID-19 okanye ugonyo lwe-RSV. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho uyagula, unomkhuhlane, okanye uzive engaphilanga, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uhlehlise na ugonyo lomkhuhlane.

Njengakwezinye iintsholongwane ezininzi, izinto ezifana nokuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle rhoqo, ukunxiba imaski yobuso (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi), nokuphepha abantu abagulayo kunokukunceda ekukhuselekeni ekufumaneni umkhuhlane.

Yintoni enye enokwenziwa?

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo somkhuhlane, kukho izinto anokuzenza ukuthintela ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye:

• Ungaze wabelane nabanye ngeekomityi zakho, iipleyiti, izixhobo zokutya, okanye iitawuli .
• Hlala ekhaya ungasebenzi okanye esikolweni ude uzive ungcono. Oku kulungele impilo yakho kwaye kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwabanye.
• Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu , uze ulahle ithishu enkunkuma.
• Ukuba awunayo i-tissue ekufutshane, ziqhelise ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla engalweni yakho engasentla (njengengqiniba yakho) endaweni yokuziqhelisa esandleni sakho . Oku kuya kunciphisa amathuba okuba intsholongwane ingene ezandleni zakho.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule?

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-influenza. Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule ngokuqinisekileyo:

• Umkhuhlane sisifo esibi kakhulu kunengqele eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke qaphela iimpawu.
• Ukufumana isitofu somkhuhlane minyaka le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela, ingakumbi ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini enkulu.
• Ukuziqhelanisa neendlela ezilungileyo zococeko (ukuhlamba izandla, ukunxiba imaski yobuso, kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo lwezandla) kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana umkhuhlane, phumla ngokwaneleyo, sela iziselo, kwaye usele amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana neparacetamol okanye ibuprofen xa umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Ungaze unike abantwana (abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala i-aspirin).
• Gcina abantu abakumaqela asengozini enkulu (abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, abantu abanezinye izifo ezingapheliyo) kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane.
• Ukuba iimpawu zinzima (umz., ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, isiyezi esingapheliyo, ukuhlanza okuqatha), ukuba umkhuhlane awupheli kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, okanye ukuba uneengxaki , qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, ungazikhusela wena nosapho lwakho kumkhuhlane. Hlala usempilweni!

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