Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci ufike emva kwexesha ekuthetheni? (Intetho eLibazisekileyo okanye uPhuhliso loLwimi) Masiqaphele oku!

Njengazo zonke ezinye izakhono nezakhono, ubudala abantwana abafunda ulwimi baze baqale ukuthetha bunokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ezinye iintsana ziqonda amagama ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye zithatha ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unokuqonda okuncinci malunga nendlela olu lwimi olukhula ngayo, wena njengomzali unokuqonda ukuba kukho into ekufuneka uyixhalabele ngomntwana wakho, okanye ukuba oku kuqhelekile.

Yintoni intetho nolwimi? Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini?

Nangona sihlala sisebenzisa la magama mabini ngokutshintshana, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwawo omabini. Ukuba kuqondwa ngokuchanekileyo, oku kubalulekile xa ujonga ukukhula komntwana.

Ngamafutshane, intetho yindlela esichaza ngayo ulwimi ngemilomo yethu. Oko kukuthi, indlela esibiza ngayo izandi namagama, oko kukuthi, ukuchazwa . Cinga ngako, xa sithetha, siwathetha ngokucacileyo amagama, afana no-"mama" kunye no-"tata". Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokucaca, isantya, kunye nesingqisho selizwi.

Ulwimi luluvo olubanzi kakhulu. Lukutshintshiselana ngolwazi. Sisebenzisa ulwimi ukuqonda izimvo nokwenza abanye basiqonde. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Ngomlomo: Indlela esinxibelelana ngayo sisebenzisa amagama.
• Okungekuko okwamazwi: Oku kuthetha izinto ezifana neempawu zomzimba, inkangeleko yobuso, njl.
• Kubhaliwe: Ukufunda nokuqonda izinto ezifana neencwadi kunye neeleta.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ulwimi luyindlela yokunxibelelana ngezimvo, intetho yindlela yokuthetha amagama kuloo ndlela. Uyayazi?

Zithini iiLibaziseko zeNtetho okanye zoLwimi?

Iingxaki zokuthetha neengxaki zolwimi zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuhlalisana. Yiyo loo nto xa abanye abantwana bethetha kade, kubalulekile ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo. Makhe sijonge umzekelo.

Umzekelo, umntwana onengxaki yolwimi angathetha amagama ambalwa kakuhle, kodwa angakwazi ukudibanisa amagama amabini kuphela ("irayisi encinci," "Ndifuna amanzi"). Usenokuba nobunzima bokwenza izivakalisi ezinde ezifanelekileyo kwiminyaka yakhe, ukuveza iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo, okanye ukuqonda ibali. Usenokuba nesigama esincinci.

Kwelinye icala, umntwana onengxaki yokuthetha kakuhle angazama ukuziveza esebenzisa amagama namabinzana. Uyazi into afuna ukuyithetha, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda into ayithethayo. Amagama asenokubonakala engacacanga, oonobumba abathile basenokungabizwa, okanye angathintithi.

Zithini iimpawu zokulibaziseka kwentetho okanye kolwimi? Sikuqonda njani oko?

Ukuba unomntwana ongasabeliyo kwizandi, okanye ongenzi ngxolo (njengokugquma, ukukhala) nangona esemncinci, kufuneka umse kugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi, kunzima kubazali ukuqonda ukuba umntwana wabo ufika kade xa ethetha okanye kukho ingxaki. Kulungile ukunikel’ ingqalelo kule nkqubela yomntwana kwasebuntwaneni.

Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele. Kububulumko ukuthetha nogqirha ukuba umntwana wakho wenza nayiphi na kwezi zinto:

• Xa sele beneminyaka eli-12 (unyaka omnye): Ukuba abasebenzisi zandla zilula , njengokukhomba okanye ukuphakamisela isandla esithi "sala kakuhle."
• Xa uneenyanga ezili-18: Ukuba uzama ukuziveza ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa izimbo zomzimba endaweni yokusebenzisa amazwi.
• Nokuba sele eneenyanga ezili-18: Ubunzima bokulinganisa izandi ezenziwa ngabanye abantu (umz. izandi zezilwanyana, izandi zezithuthi).
• Nokuba sele eneenyanga ezili-18: Ubunzima bokuqonda izicelo ezilula zomlomo (umz., "Ndiphe ibhola," "Yiza, nyana").
• Xa eneminyaka emi-2: Ulinganisa kuphela oko kuthethwa okanye kwenziwa ngabanye, kodwa akathethi amagama okanye amabinzana awo (ngokuzenzekelayo) .
• Nokuba uneminyaka emi-2 ubudala: Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuthetha izandi okanye amagama athile, kodwa akakwazi ukunxibelelana nantoni na ngaphandle kweemfuno zakhe ezingxamisekileyo (umz. ukutya, ukusela, ukulala).
• Xa uneminyaka emi-2: Ukuba awukwazi ukulandela imiyalelo elula (umz., "Yiza nethoyi").
• Nokuba emva kweminyaka emi-2: Ukuba kukho umgangatho ongaqhelekanga kwilizwi (umzekelo, ilizwi elirhabaxa, elivakala liphuma empumlweni njengaxa unomkhuhlane, okanye ilizwi eliphantsi kakhulu).

Kwakhona, ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba intetho yomntwana wakho inzima ukuyiqonda kunokuba injalo kubudala bakhe, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ngayo loo nto.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abazali nabanakekeli kufuneka bakwazi ukuqonda malunga ne-50% yoko kuthethwa ngumntwana oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala.

Kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala, kufuneka uqonde malunga ne-75%.

Xa eneminyaka emi-4 ubudala, nomntu ongamazi kakuhle umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda uninzi lwezinto ezithethwa ngumntwana.

Zithini izizathu zokulibaziseka kokuthetha okanye ulwimi?

Zininzi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba umntwana afike emva kwexesha ekuthetheni. Ezinye zilula, ngelixa ezinye zifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Ukulibaziseka kokuthetha kunokubangelwa zezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuphazamiseka komlomo: Umzekelo, iingxaki zolwimi okanye inkalakahla (ephezulu komlomo) .
• I-frenulum emfutshane (ulusu oluncinci phantsi kolwimi): Oku kunokubangela ukubopha ulwimi. Oku kungalungiswa ngotyando olulula.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokulibaziseka kokuthetha badla ngokuba neengxaki zokuthetha ngomlomo . Ezi ngxaki zenzeka xa kukho ingxaki kwiindawo zengqondo ezinoxanduva lokuthetha. Ngokukodwa, banengxaki yokulungelelanisa imilebe, ulwimi, kunye nomhlathi ukuze bavelise izandi. Abantwana abanezi ngxaki banokuba nezinye iingxaki zokuthetha ngomlomo, njengokutya nokuginya.

Iingxaki zokuva nazo zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekuthetheni. Ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuva amagama nezandi ngokufanelekileyo, uza kuzixelisa, aziqonde aze azisebenzise njani? Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho amathandabuzo malunga nokuthetha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana wakho ahlolwe ukuva ngugqirha we-audiologist .

Usulelo lwendlebe , ingakumbi usulelo olungapheliyo , lunokuchaphazela okwethutyana ukuva. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuva kuyinto eqhelekileyo ubuncinane kwindlebe enye, ngokuqhelekileyo akubangeli iingxaki ezinkulu ekuthetheni nasekuphuhliseni ulwimi.

Ukongeza, ukulibaziseka kokuthetha nolwimi kunokubonwa nakwiimeko ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokukhula (umz., i-Autism Spectrum Disorder). Kwakhona, ukuba umntu kusapho ukhe wakhula kade ekuthetheni esengumntwana (imbali yosapho), oku kusenokubangelwa zizinto zemfuza.

Ungayixilonga njani i-speech okanye ukulibaziseka kolwimi? (Uxilongo)

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki efana nale, kubalulekile ukubona i-Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) ngokukhawuleza. Abanye abantu babiza ngokuba zii -Speech Therapists . Ungafumana i-speech therapist ngokwakho, okanye ucele ugqirha wosapho lwakho ukuba akuthumelele i-referral.

Le ngcali yezentetho iza kuhlola ngononophelo izakhono zomntwana wakho zokuthetha nezolwimi. Uza kwenza uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo ukuze abone ukuba umntwana ufikelele na kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lophuhliso lwentetho nolwimi olufanelekileyo kwiminyaka yakhe.

Ingcali yezentetho ikwajonga ngqo ezi zinto:

• Yintoni umntwana wakho ayiqondayo: Oku kubizwa ngokuba lulwimi olwamkelayo . Kuthetha ukukwazi ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye kunye nemiyalelo.
• Oko umntwana wakho anokuthetha: Oku kubizwa ngokuba lulwimi oluchazayo . Lubuchule bokuveza izimvo neemfuno zakhe ngamazwi nakwizivakalisi.
• Uphuhliso oluvakalayo kunye nokucaca kwentetho: Nokuba umntwana ubiza izandi ezahlukeneyo ngokuchanekileyo na nokuba amagama acacile na.
• Imeko yomntwana wakho yokusetyenziswa kwemisipha yomlomo: Oku kubhekisa kwindlela umlomo, ulwimi, inkalakahla, kunye nemilebe ezisebenzisana ngayo ukuthetha, ukutya, nokuginya.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo, ingcali yentetho nolwimi ingacebisa ukuba umntwana wakho afune unyango lokuthetha .

Unyango lokuthetha lunokunceda njani?

Unyango lokuthetha alukohlwayi umntwana wakho okanye ukumoyikisa. Lungokufunda ngokudlala. Ingcali yokuthetha iya kusebenza nomntwana wakho ngemisebenzi, amathoyizi kunye nemifanekiso ukuze imncede aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zokuthetha nezolwimi.

Baza kukufundisa nendlela yokunceda umntwana wakho ekhaya. Oku kufana nokusebenzisana nabanye. Ukulandela imiyalelo yogqirha ekhaya kunokunceda umntwana wakho akhawulezise inkqubela phambili.

Abazali banokunceda njani?

Abazali badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni abantwana abaneengxaki zokuthetha okanye zolwimi. Ningabantu abachitha ixesha elininzi nomntwana wenu, kwaye ningabafundisi bakhe bokuqala. Ngoko ke uncedo lwenu lubalulekile.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukuze ukhuthaze izakhono zokuthetha zomntwana wakho:

• Beka unxibelelwano kwindawo yokuqala: Thetha nomntwana wakho kangangoko unako, cula iingoma, kwaye umkhuthaze ukuba axelise izandi kunye neempawu zomzimba (iimpawu). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha naye ngelixa udlala naye kwasebuntwaneni, kwaye uphendule kwizandi ezincinci azenzayo. Thetha izinto ezinje, "Owu, nyana wam, uyandincumela, akunjalo?"
• Mfundele umntwana wakho iincwadi: Qala xa umntwana wakho esemncinci. Khetha iincwadi ezithambileyo ezifanelekileyo ngokweminyaka, iincwadi zebhodi , okanye iincwadi ezinemifanekiso emikhulu necacileyo, kwaye ukhuthaze umntwana wakho ukuba ajonge imifanekiso njengoko ubiza izinto ezikwimifanekiso. Thetha izinto ezilula ezinje, "Jonga le bhola," okanye "Nantsi indlovu enkulu." Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, buza imibuzo ngezinto ezikwincwadi kwaye umkhuthaze ukuba akuxelele ibali.
• Sebenzisa iimeko zemihla ngemihla: Phuhlisa intetho nolwimi lomntwana wakho ngokuthetha ngezinto ozenzayo imini yonke. Umzekelo, chaza iziqhamo nemifuno xa usiya evenkileni ("Le yitamatisi ebomvu"), chaza into oyenzayo xa upheka okanye ucoca igumbi ("Umama uza kubeka irayisi esitovini ngoku"), khomba izinto ezijikeleze indlu kwaye umxelele ukuba zeziphi. Thetha ezi zinto ngokulula, kodwa kuphephe ukusebenzisa "intetho yomntwana". Kungcono ukubiza amagama ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uthethe ngezivakalisi ezilula nezipheleleyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho uthethe igama ngendlela engafanelekanga, ungamgxeki, kodwa mfundise igama elichanekileyo ngendlela yothando.

Khumbula, kungcono ukuchonga nokunyanga ezi ngxaki zokulibaziseka kwentetho nolwimi kwangethuba. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nophuhliso lolwimi lomntwana wakho okanye intetho yakhe, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Okukhona isiya isiba mandundu, kokukhona kunzima ukunceda umntwana wakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, kuyacaca kuwe ukuba intetho yomntwana kunye nophuhliso lolwimi yinto efuna ingqalelo ethile. Ayingabo bonke abantwana abafanayo, kwaye amazinga okukhula kwabo anokwahluka. Kodwa ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba kukho ukulibaziseka okuthile, ungoyiki ukuthi, "Kulungile, kuza kuba ngcono ngokwako."

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba awuwedwa. Kukho iingcali zempilo, kuquka oogqirha, iingcali zokuthetha, nabanye, abanokukunceda baze bakunike isikhokelo. Ukuba ezi meko zichongiwe kwangethuba, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba umntwana anikwe uncedo aludingayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye aphuhlise izakhono zakhe ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki, ungabi nantloni, kwaye ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci engqondweni yakho, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu ekunikeni umntwana wakho ikamva elihle neliphumelelayo!

Ukulibaziseka kwentetho , ukulibaziseka kolwimi, intetho yabantwana, unyango lwentetho, ingcebiso yobuzali, uphuhliso lomntwana, ubunzima bokuthetha